SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Chemistry 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The _______ exerted by a gas is the result of the innumerable impacts of the molecules on the container walls and appears steady to human senses because so many collisions occur each second on all sections of the walls.
pressure
kinetic theory of gas
cosmogenic isotopes
beta radiation
2. Term in chemistry used to explain properties of the octet rule when a single Lewis structure is inadequate. An average of two of more Lewis structures which differ only in the position of their electrons.
kinetic theory of gas
pi - sigma
resonance
gases
3. There are two pi bonds and one sigma bond in a __________.
Triple bond
sigma bond
resonance
beta radiation
4. A ___bond is weaker than a ____ bond - but the combination of pi and sigma bond is stronger than either bond by itself. The enhanced strength of a multiple bond versus a single (sigma bond) is indicated in many ways - but most obviously by a contract
Double bond
radiation
pi - sigma
resonance
5. Diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. They are similar to electron dot diagrams in that the valence electrons in lone pairs are represented as dots - but they also c
Single bond
Lewis structure
stable isotope
kinetic theory of gas
6. The strongest type of covalent chemical bond -in which electrons are shared between atoms.
nuclear equation rule
delocalized electrons
sigma bond
stable isotope
7. There are no pi bonds in a _________ - only a sigma bond.
octet rule
Double bond
resonance
Single bond
8. The time required to convert one half of a reactant to product. The term is commonly applied to radioactive decay - where the reactant is the parent isotope and the product is a daughter isotope.
pi
kinetic theory
nuclear magnetic resonance
half life
9. A covalent bond in which the electron pair is shared in an area centered on a line running between the atoms. It results from orbitals that point toward each other.
Sigma bonds
sp hybridization
kinetic theory of gas
delocalized electrons
10. Typically - the isotopic substitution is made with an atom that takes part in the reaction. This will produce a primary isotope effect. If the substitution is made with an atom that does not directly participate in the reaction - a secondary isotope
kinetic isotopes effect
sp3 hybridization
Double bond
half life
11. Replacing normal hydrogen (protons) by deuterium within a molecule causes the molecular vibrational frequency of X-H bonds to decrease - which leads to a decrease in vibrational zero-point energy. This can lead to a decrease in the reaction rate if t
kinetic isotope effect
sigma bond
nuclear magnetic resonance
resonance
12. A covalent chemical bond where two lobes of one involved electron orbital overlap two lobes of the other involved electron orbital.
pi bond
Sigma bonds
resonance
H-2 (deuterium)
13. There is one pi bond and one sigma bond in a ____________.
octet rule
pi bonds
nuclear magnetic resonance
Double bond
14. Isotopes that are formed by the interaction of cosmic rays with the nucleus of an atom. These can be used for dating purposes and for use as natural tracers. It is possible to obtain the origin of bullets - ages of ice samples/rocks - and the diet of
H-2 (deuterium)
alpha radiation
cosmogenic isotopes
Triple bond
15. The distinguishing feature of this type of bond is that the overlap region lies directly between the two nuclei of both shared atoms.
octet rule
gas
sigma bond
resonance
16. The rate of transport for gases is dominated by the collisions between molecules - which force their trajectories into tortuous shapes. The molecular collisions are in turn controlled by the forces between the molecules and are described by the laws
sp2 hybridization
transport properties
octet rule
H-2 (deuterium)
17. A type of hybridization that results from the combination of the s orbital and all three p orbitals in the second energy level of carbon - resulting in four hybrid orbitals and occurs when a carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms. The geometric ar
kinetic theory of gas
pi
gases
sp3 hybridization
18. Although many of the elements react by gaining - losing or sharing electrons until they have achieved a valence shell electron configuration with a full octet (8) of electrons - there are many noteworthy exceptions to the ____ rule.
beta radiation
octet rule
pi bonds
Lewis structures
19. The property of a compound having simultaneously the characteristics of two or more structural forms that differ only in the distribution of electrons. Such compounds are highly stable and cannot be properly represented by a single structural formula
sp3 hybridization
nuclear equation rule
resonance
kinetic isotope effect
20. This kind of hybridization that uses the s orbital and two of the p orbitals from the second energy level of carbon to form three hybrid orbitals.It has three hybrid orbitals and there is also an unchanged p orbital that is not shown here. The geomet
sp2 hybridization
transport properties
resonance
Double bond
21. In high quantities they require precautions to guard the workers from the effects of radiation
transport properties
radioactive isotopes
pressure
cosmogenic isotopes
22. A simple chemical rule of thumb that states that atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells - giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.
sp3 hybridization
gas
resonance
octet rule
23. A type of radiation that are high-energy photons with a very short wavelength (0.0005 to 0.1 nm). The emission of this radiation results from an energy change within the atomic nucleus. This type of emission changes neither the atomic number nor the
sp2 hybridization
kinetic isotopes effect
Single bond
gamma radiation
24. Atoms connected via a double bond or triple bond have - in addition to one sigma bond - one or two ___ bonds - respectively.
half life
pi
gas
beta radiation
25. This equation shows how a nucleus gains or loses subatomic particles.
kinetic isotopes effect
sigma bond
nuclear equation
alpha radiation - beta radiation and gamma radiation
26. One of the three fundamental states of matter - in which matter has no definite shape - is very fluid - and has a density about 0.1% that of liquids.
gas
half life
resonance
radioactive isotopes
27. A theory that describes gas as a large number of small particles (atoms or molecules) - all of which are in constant - random motion. The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with each other and with the walls of the container.
kinetic theory of gas
nuclear equation
kinetic isotope effect
gamma radiation
28. In biology - the stable isotope of nitrogen - has also been used. It is incorporated mainly into proteins.
sp2 hybridization
N-15
transport properties
pressure
29. A type of radiation that consists of a stream of positively charged particles - which have an atomic mass of 4 and a charge of +2 (a helium nucleus). When the particle is ejected from a nucleus - the mass number of the nucleus decreases by four units
H-2 (deuterium)
delocalized electrons
alpha radiation
Double bond
30. They consist of a vast number of molecules moving chaotically in all directions and colliding with one another and with the walls of their container. Beyond this - there is no structure
kinetic theory of gas
gas
nuclear magnetic resonance
pressure
31. A theory explains macroscopic properties of gases - such as pressure - temperature - or volume - by considering their molecular composition and motion. Essentially - the theory posits that pressure is due not to static repulsion between molecules - a
half life
kinetic theory of gas
octet rule
kinetic isotope effect
32. Unstable atomic nuclei will spontaneously decompose to form nuclei with a higher stability. The decomposition process is called?
radioactivity
kinetic theory of gas
kinetic isotopes effect
sp3 hybridization
33. This is widely used for diagnostic purposes in medicine - and can provide detailed images of the inside of a person without inflicting any radiation upon them. In a medical setting - NMR is often known simply as 'magnetic resonance' imaging - as the
sigma bond
H-2 (deuterium)
gases
nuclear magnetic resonance
34. The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles (ionizing radiation). The emission is spontaneous - in that the nucleus decays without collision with another particle or atom. The decay is a stochastic (i.e
resonance
gamma radiation
radioactive decay
radioactive isotopes
35. The time required for a radioactive element to decay to half of the original amount - reduced into a lighter element.
sp3 hybridization
radioactivity
resonance
half life
36. More subtle properties of gas - such as heat conductivity - viscosity (resistance to flow) - and diffusion are attributed to the molecules themselves carrying the mechanical quantities of energy - momentum - and mass - respectively.
pi bonds
nuclear equation rule
kinetic isotopes effect
transport properties
37. Electrons in a molecule or solid metal that are not associated with a single atom or one covalent bond. They are contained within an orbital that extends over several adjacent atoms.
delocalized electrons
N-15
resonance
gamma radiation
38. In biology - these isotopes have the advantages of being detectable in very low quantities - in being easily measured by scintillation counting or other radiochemical methods - and in being localizable to particular regions of a cell - and quantifiab
nuclear equation
Lewis structures
radioactive isotopes
resonance
39. They have neither a definite size nor shape - whereas ordinary solids have both a definite size and a definite shape - and liquids have a definite size - or volume - even though they adapt their shape to that of the container in which they are placed
radioactive decay
sp2 hybridization
gases
H-2 (deuterium)
40. Structures that show each atom and its position in the structure of the molecule using its chemical symbol. Lines are drawn between atoms that are bonded to one another (pairs of dots can be used instead of lines). Excess electrons that form lone pai
kinetic isotopes effect
stable isotope
Single bond
Lewis structures
41. The energy and particles which are released during the decomposition process (radioactivity) are called?
delocalized electrons
radioactivity
gas
radiation
42. An isotopic substitution will greatly modify the reaction rate - providing clues to the pathway of the reaction.The advantage of isotopic substitution is that this is the least disturbing structural change that can be effected in a molecule.
pi bond
pi bonds
kinetic isotopes effect
Sigma bonds
43. This kind of hybridization uses the s orbital and one of the p orbitals from carbon's second energy level to combine together to make two hybrid orbitals. Those hybrid orbitals form a straight line.They are exactly opposite one another from the cente
nuclear equation
half life
Lewis structures
sp hybridization
44. In biology - the stable isotope of hydrogen - is a stable tracer - the concentration of which can be measured by mass spectroscopy or NMR. It is incorporated into all cellular structures.
kinetic isotope effect
half life
kinetic theory
H-2 (deuterium)
45. Three types of natural radioactive decay include?
Lewis structure
alpha radiation - beta radiation and gamma radiation
octet rule
Triple bond
46. While the particles making up a gas are too small to be visible - the jittering motion of pollen grains or dust particles which can be seen under a microscope - known as Brownian motion - results directly from collisions between the particle and gas
nuclear magnetic resonance
stable
radiation
kinetic theory
47. A way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis formula. A molecule or ion with such delocalized electrons is represented by several contributing structur
resonance
alpha radiation - beta radiation and gamma radiation
pi bonds
sp3 hybridization
48. In biology - these isotopes have the advantage of not delivering a radiation dose to the system being studied; however - a significant excess of them in the organ or organism might still interfere with its functionality - and the availability of suff
stable isotope
gamma radiation
Double bond
resonance
49. A bond that shares an electron pair - in the space above and below the sigma bond. It results from parallel orbitals.
pi
gases
half life
pi bonds
50. A type of radiation that is a stream of electrons. When a particle is ejected - a neutron in the nucleus is converted to a proton - so the mass number of the nucleus is unchanged - but the atomic number increases by one unit.
Sigma bonds
half life
beta radiation
gas