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Dairy Cattle And Reproduction

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Milk is 15% ________ and 85% __________.
ewe estrus
Avg. bull specs
effects of estrogen
dry matter and water

2. 45-60 days after breeding; re-breed as required
retractor muscles
colostrum
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions
dairy cattle pregnancy check

3. Scar tissue plugs up chambers of udder
reason for seasonal breeding periods
stag
mare estrus cycle
mastitis

4. Not being bred back into herd. horses are seasonal breeders vs. cows as anytime breeders
Mares
cremaster muscle
seasonally polyestrous
vagina

5. Help to signal hormone levels which we need both in the brain right next to each other.
Grading choice
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
butterfat
mare's estrous cycle

6. Prevent the cow from getting an infection from the calve
organs used in spermatogenesis
butterfat
sigmoid flexure
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...

7. (FSH) helps to regulate puberty - needed every day - stimulates the sertoli cells to produce nutrients for the sperm
cow estrus cycle
Holstein Cow
penis proper
Follical Stimulating in males

8. Front feet and head first. (except for hogs and dogs)
reasons for castration
Follical Stimulating in males
penis and prepuce observation (BSE)
normal presentation of the fetus

9. Animal which has been castrated after puberty
cowper's gland
estrous
~1 month
stag

10. Way to know everything is alright with the breeding male
sow ovulation
sigmoid flexure
Jersey Cow
purpose of Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) for males

11. 1. reproduction - 2. mastitis/udder problems - 3. low milk production - 4. soundness/poor feet and legs (living on concrete)
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
Dairy Cattle Gestation
Lutinizing Hormone in males
Bull's fibro-elastic penis

12. 1-3 days
sow estrus
ewe estrus
sigmoid flexure
cow ovulation

13. (FSH) causes egg to mature in females
Brown Swiss Cow
Follical Stimulating in males
eminal vesicles
Follical Stimulating in females

14. Days which have increasing daylight hours

15. Scar tissue plugs up chambers of udder
cow estrus cycle
mastitis
mare's estrous cycle
penis proper

16. Provide nourishment for the developing sperm
sertoli cells
oviducts
accessory sex glands
cow estrus

17. Parturition is controlled by...
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
colostrum
Avg. bull specs

18. When are dairy cattle dehorned?
~1 month
castration
mare estrus cycle
castration

19. Examine accessory glands - also to know how big the pelvic opening is->heritable->relates to how much dystocia that bull's daughter has
penis proper
rectal palpation (BSE)
Hard
sow estrus cycle

20. ~60 days before calving
dartos muscle
dairy cattle pregnancy check
dry-off time in dairy cattle
cryptorchid

21. Not under a timeline - cow can not be sold as steak
sow gestation
butterfat
cow estrus cycle
Grading choice

22. Pulls sperm and egg together - gets body ready for pregnany - stimulates growth cells - develops mammary glands - starts to deposit fat.
Hard
effects of estrogen
Brown Swiss Cow
Dairy Cattle Gestation

23. S-shaped inside body - relaxes to be exposed for breeding. Disadvantges: muscles weaken with age - cannot always hold it in - exposed to harsh outside conditions or stepped on.

24. 24 hours before end of estrus cycle
estrus
mare's estrous cycle
mare ovulation
Lutinizing Hormone in males

25. Can produce 200 calves naturally (~100 bulls) - top 1-2% will grade like him. everything left to chance if no AI performed
Sperm growth rate
you want as much sperm as possible to come in contact with the egg before ovulation. the main idea is to have the sperm already in the oviduct when the egg passes through
Avg. bull specs
Jersey Cow

26. Cycle that lasts weeks (ovulation->hormone cycles->ovulation)
estrous
Brown Swiss Cow
Lutinizing Hormone in males
sertoli cells

27. Can produce 200 calves naturally (~100 bulls) - top 1-2% will grade like him. everything left to chance if no AI performed
Avg. bull specs
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...
leydid or interstitial cells
uterus

28. FEED
#1 cost in production
castration
why does the cow need fat deposits during pregnancy?
mare gestation

29. (from Jersey Islands in Great Britain) Smallest cow - least milk - highest butterfat %
~1 month
Jersey Cow
prostate gland
dartos muscle

30. Not being bred back into herd. horses are seasonal breeders vs. cows as anytime breeders
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur
van deferens
Mares
Parturition

31. Cleans and lubricates the urethra. secretion is thick - viscous - and very slippery.

32. 16-20 hours
age and castration
Grading choice
Reasons for gestation length being affected
cow estrus

33. Boars and stallions-> deliver semen directly into the cervix. bulls and rams-> deliver semen into the vagina.
penis sizes vs delivering methods
Brown Swiss Cow
~1 month
scrotal circumference (BSE)

34. So when offspring are born - there is more food to be found for energy stores and fat deposits IN THE SPRING
Follical Stimulating in females
reason for seasonal breeding periods
Dairy Cattle Lactation (standard)
ewe gestation

35. Knife-loose ~1wk of growth. band-loose ~2wks of growth.
visual evaluation (BSE)
monestrous
growth lost from castration methods (knife & band)
Follical Stimulating in females

36. Why Dairy calves are fed powdered milk.
kidney stones also called ________ ___________ can develop in the sigmoid flexure
humans: stress level vs sperm
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
Dairy Cattle milking schedule

37. 1. brain function - 2. blood flow - 3. willing female
organs used in spermatogenesis
behavioral signs of estrus
sertoli cells
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur

38. Look for infection - split - and rupture of the penis
ewe's estrous cycle
penis and prepuce observation (BSE)
Testicles will produce testosterone but not sperm. Bull will attempt to mate - but will be sterile
cremaster muscle

39. 19-23 (21) days
6-8 weeks
cow estrus cycle
Follical Stimulating in females
Lutinizing Hormone in males

40. 1-2 days
cow estrus
ewe estrus
colostrum
accessory sex glands

41. 14-19 (17) days
ewe estrus cycle
sigmoid flexure
age and castration
ewe estrus

42. Actual heat cycle (period)
mare gestation
estrus
effects of BST
cow ovulation

43. Small tubes located at the upper ends of the uterine horns. connects uterine horn to infundibulum. passageway of the egg.
seasonally polyestrous
effects of estrogen
oviducts
ewe ovulation

44. Way to know everything is alright with the breeding male
butterfat
Sperm survival specs
humans: stress level vs sperm
purpose of Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) for males

45. Superior genes are _______ to multiply
testis (gonads)
Lutinizing Hormone in males
Hard
dry-off time in dairy cattle

46. Produce testosterone. located between the seminiferous tubules
organs used in spermatogenesis
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
vulva
leydid or interstitial cells

47. Gonadotropic (GnRH) is (FSH and LH). Follical Stimulating (FSH) and Lutinizing Hormone (LH).
Follical Stimulating in females
hormones
why does the cow need fat deposits during pregnancy?
behavioral signs of estrus

48. 4-6 days
Dairy Cattle Gestation
mare estrus
mare gestation
Blood

49. Luteolysis happens because of the ____________ hormone
cervix
monorchid
seasonally polyestrous
prostaglandin

50. Luteolysis happens because of the ____________ hormone
cryptorchid
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions
pelvis
prostaglandin