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Dairy Cattle And Reproduction

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Castration tool that uses a band around the testicles which cuts off circulation and eventually the testicles fall off
#1 cost in production
elastrator
Jersey Cow
mastitis

2. (LH) stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone
cow ovulation
Lutinizing Hormone in males
why does the cow need fat deposits during pregnancy?
Brown Swiss Cow

3. When are steers and heifers weaned from bottle feeding?
testosterone
6-8 weeks
Dairy Cattle Lactation (standard)
scrotal circumference (BSE)

4. Located directly in front of the cervix. fertilized egg implants here. connected to two uterine horns. implantation occurs on the same side as ovulation occurred.
mare ovulation
uterus
Culls bulls earlier (2 reasons)
ewe ovulation

5. Why does estrus happen before ovulation?
Size of cow in relation to the amount of milk produced
you want as much sperm as possible to come in contact with the egg before ovulation. the main idea is to have the sperm already in the oviduct when the egg passes through
ewe's estrous cycle
penis proper

6. Failure to have both testis (gonads) descend
semen evaluation (BSE)
cryptorchid
Grading choice
sow estrus cycle

7. Why Dairy calves are fed powdered milk.
effects of estrogen
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
monorchid
dry matter and water

8. 45-60 days after breeding; re-breed as required
Reasons for gestation length being affected
mare gestation
Holstein Cow
dairy cattle pregnancy check

9. 1. reproduction - 2. mastitis/udder problems - 3. low milk production - 4. soundness/poor feet and legs (living on concrete)
Where livelihood is in agriculture
leydid or interstitial cells
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
pelvis

10. 1. seminiferous tubules - 2. sertoli cells - 3. leydid or interstitial cells
prostate gland
Brown Swiss Cow
organs used in spermatogenesis
reason for seasonal breeding periods

11. Boars and stallions-> deliver semen directly into the cervix. bulls and rams-> deliver semen into the vagina.
penis sizes vs delivering methods
cremaster muscle
sow gestation
dry-off time in dairy cattle

12. Days which have decreasing daylight hours

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13. Head - neck - mid-piece - tail. genetic material - has an enzyme covering that allows it to penetrate the egg
you want as much sperm as possible to come in contact with the egg before ovulation. the main idea is to have the sperm already in the oviduct when the egg passes through
sperm cell
eminal vesicles
functions of progestrone

14. 19-23 (21) days
mare estrus
cow estrus cycle
mare estrus cycle
Follical Stimulating in males

15. 1. brain function - 2. blood flow - 3. willing female
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions
seasonally polyestrous
dairy cattle pregnancy check

16. The more stressed out the male is - the less sperm he is going to produce
monestrous
visual evaluation (BSE)
van deferens
humans: stress level vs sperm

17. Small tubes located at the upper ends of the uterine horns. connects uterine horn to infundibulum. passageway of the egg.
reasons for castration
oviducts
Follical Stimulating in males
Follical Stimulating in females

18. FEED
mare ovulation
sow estrus
Dairy Cattle Lactation (standard)
#1 cost in production

19. 26 hours after estrus begins
cow gestation
hormones
accessory sex glands
ewe ovulation

20. Pulls sperm and egg together - gets body ready for pregnany - stimulates growth cells - develops mammary glands - starts to deposit fat.
Lutinizing Hormone in females
sigmoid flexure
effects of estrogen
mare estrus cycle

21. Constitute 50-90% of the volume of the ejaculate. (3 glands total: seminal vesicles - prostate gland - cowper's gland)
ewe estrus cycle
monestrous
accessory sex glands
semen evaluation (BSE)

22. 1. reproduction - 2. mastitis/udder problems - 3. low milk production - 4. soundness/poor feet and legs (living on concrete)
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
colostrum
cervix
Dairy Cattle Lactation (standard)

23. Luteolysis happens because of the ____________ hormone
cowper's gland
prostaglandin
oviducts
cow estrus cycle

24. Can survive ~7 days in cow. vast majority <48 hours
ewe estrus cycle
rectal palpation (BSE)
Sperm survival specs
eminal vesicles

25. 1-2 days
ewe estrus
libido test (BSE)
mare ovulation
eminal vesicles

26. 147 days
rectal palpation (BSE)
Dairy Cattle Gestation
Jersey Cow
ewe gestation

27. Knife-loose ~1wk of growth. band-loose ~2wks of growth.
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
pelvis
growth lost from castration methods (knife & band)
mare ovulation

28. Milk ~305 days - dry 60 days prior to calving
dry-off time in dairy cattle
~1 month
Dairy Cattle milking schedule
kidney stones also called ________ ___________ can develop in the sigmoid flexure

29. 16-20 hours
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
cow estrus
seasonally polyestrous
cow estrus cycle

30. Contains and regulates the temp of the testes for sperm production
femininity of a heifer
elastrator
scrotum
pelvis

31. 336 days
prostaglandin
6-8 weeks
things to check for in a breeding soundness exam (BSE)
mare gestation

32. Urinary calculi.
Brown Swiss Cow
behavioral signs of estrus
Where livelihood is in agriculture
kidney stones also called ________ ___________ can develop in the sigmoid flexure

33. (male) definition: duct located outside of the testes. 3 parts: head - body - tail. 4 Functions:concentrate sperm - store sperm - transport sperm - site of sperm maturation. entire process takes ~40-60 days
Dairy Cattle Gestation
kidney stones also called ________ ___________ can develop in the sigmoid flexure
vulva
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions

34. Gonadotropic (GnRH) is (FSH and LH). Follical Stimulating (FSH) and Lutinizing Hormone (LH).
Avg. bull specs
hormones
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
monorchid

35. Microscopic - make sure not sterile - very few bulls are actually tested
semen evaluation (BSE)
cow estrus cycle
sperm cell
cremaster muscle

36. 16-20 hours
cow ovulation
Hard
sow gestation
cow estrus

37. Check feet and legs - look for masculine traits in build such as crest and muscling
~1 month
reason for seasonal breeding periods
visual evaluation (BSE)
sperm cell

38. 1. to eliminate breeding the females at an early age - 2. makes animals less lean and provides a better cut for the market
Grading choice
mastitis
reasons for castration
Dairy Cattle Gestation

39. 114 days
mare estrus cycle
sow gestation
behavioral signs of estrus
mare gestation

40. Largest dairy cow - largest udder - highly vascular - eat 40-50% dry matter (eat alot) - most total butterfat
Holstein Cow
organs used in spermatogenesis
polyestrous
~1 month

41. 30-38 hours after estrus cycle begins
ewe gestation
reason for seasonal breeding periods
polyestrous
sow ovulation

42. Produce testosterone. located between the seminiferous tubules
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur
leydid or interstitial cells
sow ovulation
age and castration

43. Birthing process (termination of gestation)
mare estrus cycle
ewe gestation
Parturition
organs used in spermatogenesis

44. 14-19 (17) days
butterfat
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur
ewe estrus cycle
ewe's estrous cycle

45. 19-23 (21) days
cow estrus cycle
hormones
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
cowper's gland

46. 30 hours after estrus begins
functions of progestrone
sigmoid flexure
cow ovulation
cremaster muscle

47. To remove/separate testicles from animal's body before animal reaches puberty
Where livelihood is in agriculture
libido test (BSE)
castration
humans: stress level vs sperm

48. 283 days
colostrum
ewe ovulation
cow gestation
effects of estrogen

49. Animal which has been castrated after puberty
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
dry-off time in dairy cattle
stag
dairy cattle pregnancy check

50. Sperm production
sow gestation
spermatogenesis
cow gestation
scrotal circumference (BSE)