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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Cattle And Reproduction
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Boars and stallions-> deliver semen directly into the cervix. bulls and rams-> deliver semen into the vagina.
penis sizes vs delivering methods
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
femininity of a heifer
stag
2. Why does estrus happen before ovulation?
Bull's fibro-elastic penis
semen evaluation (BSE)
you want as much sperm as possible to come in contact with the egg before ovulation. the main idea is to have the sperm already in the oviduct when the egg passes through
6-8 weeks
3. ~305 days (altough often longer due to breeding difficulties)
~1 month
spermatogenesis
sow estrus
Dairy Cattle Lactation (standard)
4. Contains and regulates the temp of the testes for sperm production
scrotum
ewe's estrous cycle
estrous
rectal palpation (BSE)
5. (male) definition: duct located outside of the testes. 3 parts: head - body - tail. 4 Functions:concentrate sperm - store sperm - transport sperm - site of sperm maturation. entire process takes ~40-60 days
why does the cow need fat deposits during pregnancy?
sow gestation
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions
ewe ovulation
6. Larger the cow - more milk is produced; smaller the cow - less milk is produced
humans: stress level vs sperm
effects of BST
kidney stones also called ________ ___________ can develop in the sigmoid flexure
Size of cow in relation to the amount of milk produced
7. 1. visual evaluation - 2. scrotal circumference - 3. penis and prepuce observation - 4. rectal palpation - 5. libido test - 6. semen evaluation
urethra
things to check for in a breeding soundness exam (BSE)
sigmoid flexure
Lutinizing Hormone in females
8. % of fat in milk. makes cheeses and ice cream. regulates cost of milk
butterfat
Where livelihood is in agriculture
estrous
sow estrus cycle
9. 19-23 (21) days
cow estrus cycle
pelvis
dry-off time in dairy cattle
seasonally polyestrous
10. Parturition is controlled by...
mare's estrous cycle
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions
mastitis
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
11. Way to know everything is alright with the breeding male
vulva
mare gestation
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
purpose of Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) for males
12. Boars and stallions-> deliver semen directly into the cervix. bulls and rams-> deliver semen into the vagina.
penis sizes vs delivering methods
purpose of Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) for males
mare gestation
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
13. Supply nutrients for the sperm following ejaculation and deposition into the female reproductive tract
eminal vesicles
#1 cost in production
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
Follical Stimulating in females
14. Actual heat cycle (period)
sigmoid flexure
you want as much sperm as possible to come in contact with the egg before ovulation. the main idea is to have the sperm already in the oviduct when the egg passes through
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur
estrus
15. 265-285 days
Dairy Cattle Gestation
Hard
seasonally polyestrous
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
16. Microscopic - make sure not sterile - very few bulls are actually tested
dairy cattle pregnancy check
Jersey Cow
semen evaluation (BSE)
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur
17. Superior genes are _______ to multiply
castration
penis sizes vs delivering methods
Hard
butterfat
18. 1. bring in new genes - 2. replace males with leg problems (difficulty breeding) Note: culling has a much greater emphasis in the dairy industry vs the beef industry.
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur
Holstein Cow
Culls bulls earlier (2 reasons)
prostaglandin
19. 45-60 days after breeding; re-breed as required
Blood
dairy cattle pregnancy check
Size of cow in relation to the amount of milk produced
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
20. Luteolysis happens because of the ____________ hormone
prostaglandin
#1 cost in production
libido test (BSE)
kidney stones also called ________ ___________ can develop in the sigmoid flexure
21. Depository for semen during insemination. where urine leaves the body
~1 month
scrotum
vagina
scrotal circumference (BSE)
22. 1. to eliminate breeding the females at an early age - 2. makes animals less lean and provides a better cut for the market
reasons for castration
feeding a high producing dairy cow
stag
mare's estrous cycle
23. 1. reproduction - 2. mastitis/udder problems - 3. low milk production - 4. soundness/poor feet and legs (living on concrete)
mare estrus
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
prostate gland
Reasons for gestation length being affected
24. Standing to be mounted (last one able to notice); mounting other animals; social behavior-restless - gregarious - activity - vocalizing; frequent urination; mucous discharge
accessory sex glands
humans: stress level vs sperm
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
behavioral signs of estrus
25. (FSH) causes egg to mature in females
reason for seasonal breeding periods
effects of BST
Sperm survival specs
Follical Stimulating in females
26. 283 days
cow gestation
ewe's estrous cycle
Blood
pelvis
27. Completes uterine growth initiated by estrogen and prepares the uterus for nourishment of developing embryo if pregnancy occurs - supports pregnancy by maintaining quiescent state of reproductive tract and suppresses mating behavior - prevents ovulat
functions of progestrone
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...
behavioral signs of estrus
prostate gland
28. Hold the penis in the bulls body when not in use. releases penis before ejaculation or urination.
eminal vesicles
scrotum
effects of estrogen
retractor muscles
29. (male) Primary sex organ - produces sperm (male gamete) and male sex hormones - 2 total
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
visual evaluation (BSE)
testis (gonads)
cow gestation
30. (male) Primary sex organ - produces sperm (male gamete) and male sex hormones - 2 total
femininity of a heifer
dairy cattle pregnancy check
testis (gonads)
ewe's estrous cycle
31. 1. need to be restricted in amt of grain - 2. no more than 70% of ration can be concentrates. 3. *Acidic acid has to be produced in order for milk synthesis to occur (30% forages)
hormones
Follical Stimulating in females
Jersey Cow
feeding a high producing dairy cow
32. So when offspring are born - there is more food to be found for energy stores and fat deposits IN THE SPRING
Avg. bull specs
hormones
reason for seasonal breeding periods
testosterone
33. Allows extension of penis without fibro-elastic penis
Bull's fibro-elastic penis
functions of progestrone
feeding a high producing dairy cow
sigmoid flexure
34. 19-23 (21) days
van deferens
sow gestation
sow estrus cycle
Avg. bull specs
35. Microscopic - make sure not sterile - very few bulls are actually tested
semen evaluation (BSE)
estrus
scrotal circumference (BSE)
testis (gonads)
36. When are dairy cattle dehorned?
Jersey Cow
ewe's estrous cycle
~1 month
mare's estrous cycle
37. 24 hours before end of estrus cycle
vulva
estrous
mare ovulation
you want as much sperm as possible to come in contact with the egg before ovulation. the main idea is to have the sperm already in the oviduct when the egg passes through
38. Cleans and lubricates the urethra. secretion is thick - viscous - and very slippery.
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39. 45-60 days after breeding; re-breed as required
Sperm growth rate
dairy cattle pregnancy check
Follical Stimulating in males
Grading choice
40. Days which have increasing daylight hours
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41. Why Dairy calves are fed powdered milk.
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
Testicles will produce testosterone but not sperm. Bull will attempt to mate - but will be sterile
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
oviducts
42. 1. seminiferous tubules - 2. sertoli cells - 3. leydid or interstitial cells
reason for seasonal breeding periods
Brown Swiss Cow
organs used in spermatogenesis
semen evaluation (BSE)
43. S-shaped inside body - relaxes to be exposed for breeding. Disadvantges: muscles weaken with age - cannot always hold it in - exposed to harsh outside conditions or stepped on.
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44. Depository for semen during insemination. where urine leaves the body
vagina
cow ovulation
mare gestation
sperm cell
45. To remove/separate testicles from animal's body before animal reaches puberty
things to check for in a breeding soundness exam (BSE)
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
vulva
castration
46. Scar tissue plugs up chambers of udder
kidney stones also called ________ ___________ can develop in the sigmoid flexure
mastitis
effects of BST
monorchid
47. Can survive ~7 days in cow. vast majority <48 hours
effects of estrogen
ewe estrus cycle
Sperm survival specs
prostaglandin
48. 19-23 (21) days
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
leydid or interstitial cells
testis (gonads)
sow estrus cycle
49. Earlier you castrate a male - the easier it is on the animal. the longer you wait - death rates increase
Follical Stimulating in males
age and castration
Size of cow in relation to the amount of milk produced
castration
50. 19-23 (21) days
cow ovulation
cow estrus cycle
Lutinizing Hormone in females
libido test (BSE)