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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Cattle And Reproduction
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Days which have increasing daylight hours
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2. Not under a timeline - cow can not be sold as steak
ewe estrus cycle
Dairy Cattle Lactation (standard)
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...
Grading choice
3. (FSH) causes egg to mature in females
Follical Stimulating in females
Sperm survival specs
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
scrotal circumference (BSE)
4. Depository for semen during insemination. where urine leaves the body
Follical Stimulating in males
Bull's fibro-elastic penis
Sperm survival specs
vagina
5. Duct which connects epididymis to urethra of the penis. transports sperm at ejaculation. cut to sterilize male.
organs used in spermatogenesis
sow gestation
mare ovulation
van deferens
6. Allows extension of penis without fibro-elastic penis
sigmoid flexure
ewe estrus cycle
sow estrus
Dairy Cattle Lactation (standard)
7. Gonadotropic (GnRH) is (FSH and LH). Follical Stimulating (FSH) and Lutinizing Hormone (LH).
6-8 weeks
hormones
Holstein Cow
ewe ovulation
8. Not being bred back into herd. horses are seasonal breeders vs. cows as anytime breeders
~1 month
spermatogenesis
Mares
Sperm survival specs
9. Look for infection - split - and rupture of the penis
mare's estrous cycle
~1 month
penis and prepuce observation (BSE)
cryptorchid
10. Cycle that lasts weeks (ovulation->hormone cycles->ovulation)
Testicles will produce testosterone but not sperm. Bull will attempt to mate - but will be sterile
normal presentation of the fetus
estrous
cowper's gland
11. 14-19 (17) days
ewe estrus cycle
mare ovulation
Hard
dartos muscle
12. 336 days
Avg. bull specs
Dairy Cattle milking schedule
Lutinizing Hormone in males
mare gestation
13. Produce testosterone. located between the seminiferous tubules
ewe gestation
leydid or interstitial cells
libido test (BSE)
Sperm survival specs
14. Not being bred back into herd. horses are seasonal breeders vs. cows as anytime breeders
feeding a high producing dairy cow
Mares
age and castration
cow gestation
15. Scar tissue plugs up chambers of udder
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
reasons for castration
sow gestation
mastitis
16. Way to know everything is alright with the breeding male
monestrous
purpose of Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) for males
accessory sex glands
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions
17. So when offspring are born - there is more food to be found for energy stores and fat deposits IN THE SPRING
reason for seasonal breeding periods
ewe gestation
colostrum
Brown Swiss Cow
18. Indicator of sperm production. the bigger the scrotal circumference the bigger volume of sperm because more seminal vesicles available to produce the sperm
scrotal circumference (BSE)
6-8 weeks
humans: stress level vs sperm
estrus
19. 1-2 days
mastitis
spermatogenesis
ewe estrus
Sperm growth rate
20. Larger the cow - more milk is produced; smaller the cow - less milk is produced
Bull's fibro-elastic penis
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...
visual evaluation (BSE)
Size of cow in relation to the amount of milk produced
21. Completes uterine growth initiated by estrogen and prepares the uterus for nourishment of developing embryo if pregnancy occurs - supports pregnancy by maintaining quiescent state of reproductive tract and suppresses mating behavior - prevents ovulat
functions of progestrone
sperm cell
burdizzo
sow gestation
22. When she is pregnant in her last trimester because she needs the energy to carry around and deliver the calf. and when the calf is born because the cow needs the fat to be deposit it into her milk for the calf's energy stores.
Reasons for gestation length being affected
polyestrous
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions
why does the cow need fat deposits during pregnancy?
23. Duct which connects epididymis to urethra of the penis. transports sperm at ejaculation. cut to sterilize male.
scrotal circumference (BSE)
cow estrus
dartos muscle
van deferens
24. Days which have decreasing daylight hours
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25. The more stressed out the male is - the less sperm he is going to produce
humans: stress level vs sperm
Mares
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
26. 1. seminiferous tubules - 2. sertoli cells - 3. leydid or interstitial cells
penis sizes vs delivering methods
effects of estrogen
#1 cost in production
organs used in spermatogenesis
27. Small tubes located at the upper ends of the uterine horns. connects uterine horn to infundibulum. passageway of the egg.
feeding a high producing dairy cow
eminal vesicles
cremaster muscle
oviducts
28. 1. reproduction - 2. mastitis/udder problems - 3. low milk production - 4. soundness/poor feet and legs (living on concrete)
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
prostaglandin
colostrum
Follical Stimulating in males
29. 283 days
cow gestation
van deferens
purpose of Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) for males
libido test (BSE)
30. Start of the reproductive tract for the female. located outside of the body
eminal vesicles
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
vulva
mare estrus cycle
31. 14-19 (17) days
ewe estrus cycle
vagina
pelvis
sperm cell
32. BST given to dairy cattle makes the mammary gland more persistent - helps produce more milk. good as Long-term because it does not cause cow to bulk up - provides more milk/cow Which means less cows needed - less cows need to be given feed - lower co
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur
monorchid
cryptorchid
effects of BST
33. So when offspring are born - there is more food to be found for energy stores and fat deposits IN THE SPRING
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
seasonally polyestrous
reason for seasonal breeding periods
mare gestation
34. What about the sperm for a bull which has been castrated but still has testicles?
seminiferous tubules
Testicles will produce testosterone but not sperm. Bull will attempt to mate - but will be sterile
Parturition
reason for seasonal breeding periods
35. Birthing process (termination of gestation)
functions of progestrone
prostate gland
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...
Parturition
36. (male) pushes the testes outward toward the legs for a cool-down off of the body
Holstein Cow
cervix
cremaster muscle
Follical Stimulating in females
37. (male) pushes the testes upward toward the body for warmth or protection
dartos muscle
functions of progestrone
testis (gonads)
Testicles will produce testosterone but not sperm. Bull will attempt to mate - but will be sterile
38. Actual heat cycle (period)
testis (gonads)
sperm cell
seminiferous tubules
estrus
39. 1. bring in new genes - 2. replace males with leg problems (difficulty breeding) Note: culling has a much greater emphasis in the dairy industry vs the beef industry.
reason for seasonal breeding periods
Culls bulls earlier (2 reasons)
monorchid
cowper's gland
40. 1. sperm is not implanted in egg until hours after breeding. 2. fetal growth has not yet finished.
sow ovulation
sow gestation
Sperm growth rate
Reasons for gestation length being affected
41. 10-37 (21) days
stag
mastitis
mare estrus cycle
retractor muscles
42. (male) Primary sex organ - produces sperm (male gamete) and male sex hormones - 2 total
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
testis (gonads)
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions
sperm cell
43. Can produce 200 calves naturally (~100 bulls) - top 1-2% will grade like him. everything left to chance if no AI performed
uterus
hormones
Avg. bull specs
mare estrus cycle
44. S-shaped inside body - relaxes to be exposed for breeding. Disadvantges: muscles weaken with age - cannot always hold it in - exposed to harsh outside conditions or stepped on.
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45. Supply nutrients for the sperm following ejaculation and deposition into the female reproductive tract
mare's estrous cycle
eminal vesicles
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
normal presentation of the fetus
46. 30-38 hours after estrus cycle begins
scrotum
Lutinizing Hormone in females
cow gestation
sow ovulation
47. Knife-loose ~1wk of growth. band-loose ~2wks of growth.
visual evaluation (BSE)
Grading choice
growth lost from castration methods (knife & band)
sow estrus cycle
48. Constitute 50-90% of the volume of the ejaculate. (3 glands total: seminal vesicles - prostate gland - cowper's gland)
behavioral signs of estrus
visual evaluation (BSE)
accessory sex glands
Grading choice
49. Indicator of sperm production. the bigger the scrotal circumference the bigger volume of sperm because more seminal vesicles available to produce the sperm
dry-off time in dairy cattle
scrotal circumference (BSE)
normal presentation of the fetus
libido test (BSE)
50. Parturition is controlled by...
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
mare estrus
ewe estrus
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...