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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Cattle And Reproduction
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Can survive ~7 days in cow. vast majority <48 hours
Sperm survival specs
Dairy Cattle milking schedule
mare ovulation
purpose of Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) for males
2. Milk is 15% ________ and 85% __________.
ewe estrus
dry matter and water
cow gestation
Testicles will produce testosterone but not sperm. Bull will attempt to mate - but will be sterile
3. Luteolysis happens because of the ____________ hormone
Lutinizing Hormone in females
age and castration
Brown Swiss Cow
prostaglandin
4. 45-60 days after breeding; re-breed as required
cow ovulation
polyestrous
organs used in spermatogenesis
dairy cattle pregnancy check
5. % of fat in milk. makes cheeses and ice cream. regulates cost of milk
estrous
penis proper
butterfat
leydid or interstitial cells
6. Not being bred back into herd. horses are seasonal breeders vs. cows as anytime breeders
uterus
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
Mares
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
7. 1. reproduction - 2. mastitis/udder problems - 3. low milk production - 4. soundness/poor feet and legs (living on concrete)
Size of cow in relation to the amount of milk produced
sow ovulation
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
you want as much sperm as possible to come in contact with the egg before ovulation. the main idea is to have the sperm already in the oviduct when the egg passes through
8. FEED
#1 cost in production
Grading choice
growth lost from castration methods (knife & band)
uterus
9. (from Jersey Islands in Great Britain) Smallest cow - least milk - highest butterfat %
normal presentation of the fetus
scrotal circumference (BSE)
butterfat
Jersey Cow
10. Organ of copulation - provides passageway for semen and urine - muscular organ characterized especially by its spongy - erectile tissue that fills with blood
penis proper
monestrous
cervix
testosterone
11. When she is pregnant in her last trimester because she needs the energy to carry around and deliver the calf. and when the calf is born because the cow needs the fat to be deposit it into her milk for the calf's energy stores.
ewe's estrous cycle
estrus
why does the cow need fat deposits during pregnancy?
Hard
12. 1-3 days
sow estrus
Dairy Cattle Gestation
effects of estrogen
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...
13. Milk is 15% ________ and 85% __________.
dry matter and water
pelvis
visual evaluation (BSE)
van deferens
14. 30-38 hours after estrus cycle begins
sow ovulation
dairy cattle pregnancy check
Lutinizing Hormone in males
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...
15. 1. to eliminate breeding the females at an early age - 2. makes animals less lean and provides a better cut for the market
sow gestation
dairy cattle pregnancy check
reasons for castration
estrus
16. Organ of copulation - provides passageway for semen and urine - muscular organ characterized especially by its spongy - erectile tissue that fills with blood
penis proper
Sperm growth rate
you want as much sperm as possible to come in contact with the egg before ovulation. the main idea is to have the sperm already in the oviduct when the egg passes through
age and castration
17. FEED
accessory sex glands
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur
cow gestation
#1 cost in production
18. Allows extension of penis without fibro-elastic penis
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...
Size of cow in relation to the amount of milk produced
sigmoid flexure
Culls bulls earlier (2 reasons)
19. Luteolysis happens because of the ____________ hormone
Follical Stimulating in males
ewe ovulation
prostaglandin
reason for seasonal breeding periods
20. Sperm production
spermatogenesis
mare gestation
hormones
Lutinizing Hormone in females
21. Failure to have one testis (gonad) to descend
monorchid
mare estrus
estrous
vulva
22. Standing to be mounted (last one able to notice); mounting other animals; social behavior-restless - gregarious - activity - vocalizing; frequent urination; mucous discharge
mare estrus
behavioral signs of estrus
rectal palpation (BSE)
humans: stress level vs sperm
23. (male) definition: duct located outside of the testes. 3 parts: head - body - tail. 4 Functions:concentrate sperm - store sperm - transport sperm - site of sperm maturation. entire process takes ~40-60 days
Follical Stimulating in males
Sperm growth rate
why does the cow need fat deposits during pregnancy?
epididymis: definition - 3 parts - 4 functions
24. 30-38 hours after estrus cycle begins
elastrator
sow ovulation
Jersey Cow
mare's estrous cycle
25. 1. need to be restricted in amt of grain - 2. no more than 70% of ration can be concentrates. 3. *Acidic acid has to be produced in order for milk synthesis to occur (30% forages)
feeding a high producing dairy cow
effects of BST
you want as much sperm as possible to come in contact with the egg before ovulation. the main idea is to have the sperm already in the oviduct when the egg passes through
cowper's gland
26. Duct which connects epididymis to urethra of the penis. transports sperm at ejaculation. cut to sterilize male.
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
van deferens
Where livelihood is in agriculture
dry matter and water
27. 114 days
purpose of Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) for males
sow gestation
cryptorchid
dry matter and water
28. Can survive ~7 days in cow. vast majority <48 hours
monorchid
penis proper
elastrator
Sperm survival specs
29. Milk ~305 days - dry 60 days prior to calving
feeding a high producing dairy cow
things to check for in a breeding soundness exam (BSE)
Lutinizing Hormone in males
Dairy Cattle milking schedule
30. 16-20 hours
eminal vesicles
functions of progestrone
cow estrus
behavioral signs of estrus
31. Can produce 200 calves naturally (~100 bulls) - top 1-2% will grade like him. everything left to chance if no AI performed
sperm cell
Avg. bull specs
testosterone
Blood
32. 265-285 days
purpose of Breeding Soundness Exam (BSE) for males
Dairy Cattle Gestation
scrotum
urethra
33. Completes uterine growth initiated by estrogen and prepares the uterus for nourishment of developing embryo if pregnancy occurs - supports pregnancy by maintaining quiescent state of reproductive tract and suppresses mating behavior - prevents ovulat
age and castration
functions of progestrone
penis proper
prostaglandin
34. % of fat in milk. makes cheeses and ice cream. regulates cost of milk
mare ovulation
butterfat
Testicles will produce testosterone but not sperm. Bull will attempt to mate - but will be sterile
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
35. Days which have increasing daylight hours
36. Boars and stallions-> deliver semen directly into the cervix. bulls and rams-> deliver semen into the vagina.
castration
penis sizes vs delivering methods
Follical Stimulating in males
Avg. bull specs
37. 1. seminiferous tubules - 2. sertoli cells - 3. leydid or interstitial cells
organs used in spermatogenesis
stag
why does the cow need fat deposits during pregnancy?
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
38. The more stressed out the male is - the less sperm he is going to produce
Reasons for gestation length being affected
sow estrus cycle
humans: stress level vs sperm
Dairy Cattle milking schedule
39. (LH) causes female's egg to break (her period)
~1 month
1. more cost effective - 2. powdered milk is in excess production
Size of cow in relation to the amount of milk produced
Lutinizing Hormone in females
40. (male) pushes the testes upward toward the body for warmth or protection
reason for seasonal breeding periods
hormones
butterfat
dartos muscle
41. 30 hours after estrus begins
cow ovulation
4 major reasons for culling dairy cows
Sperm growth rate
femininity of a heifer
42. To remove/separate testicles from animal's body before animal reaches puberty
castration
leydid or interstitial cells
Dairy Cattle Lactation (standard)
mare ovulation
43. Hold the penis in the bulls body when not in use. releases penis before ejaculation or urination.
why does the cow need fat deposits during pregnancy?
Dairy calves are removed from cow at birth to...
Culls bulls earlier (2 reasons)
retractor muscles
44. Cleans and lubricates the urethra ahead of the sperm. (if not - the urine in the urethra has a high salt content and would cause sperm to rupture and die)
mare ovulation
prostate gland
Hormones from both the fetus and the mom.
functions of progestrone
45. Located directly in front of the cervix. fertilized egg implants here. connected to two uterine horns. implantation occurs on the same side as ovulation occurred.
Lutinizing Hormone in females
what has to happen for males for copulation to occur
vulva
uterus
46. Supply nutrients for the sperm following ejaculation and deposition into the female reproductive tract
age and castration
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
dry-off time in dairy cattle
eminal vesicles
47. Largest dairy cow - largest udder - highly vascular - eat 40-50% dry matter (eat alot) - most total butterfat
ewe ovulation
mare estrus
Holstein Cow
colostrum
48. Constitute 50-90% of the volume of the ejaculate. (3 glands total: seminal vesicles - prostate gland - cowper's gland)
accessory sex glands
monestrous
Holstein Cow
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
49. The more stressed out the male is - the less sperm he is going to produce
burdizzo
Size of cow in relation to the amount of milk produced
you want as much sperm as possible to come in contact with the egg before ovulation. the main idea is to have the sperm already in the oviduct when the egg passes through
humans: stress level vs sperm
50. Cycle that lasts weeks (ovulation->hormone cycles->ovulation)
scrotal circumference (BSE)
stag
Avg. bull specs
estrous