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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Tryptophan
Onions ( or leeks)
Emulsoids
2. Q What reaction does the enzyme 'reverse transcriptase' catalyze?
Troponins and Tropomyosin
RNA transcribed to DNA
Thickener in foods
Yellow
3. What name is given to the small circular DNA molecules that carry genetic information independently of the main bacterial chromosome?
Plasmids
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Anomeric
4. What are the fructose contents in commercial HFCS products.
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
45% - 52% - 90%
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
No
5. How many carbon atoms and how many double bonds are there in arachidonic acid?
Daminozide
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Thickener in foods
6. What are the four basic flavors perceived by the tongue?
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Lycopenes
Water
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
7. What is the geometric configuration of double bonds in most natural fatty acids?
Cis
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Tryptophan
8. Which will be coldest at its freezing point: 1M dispersion of amylose 1M solution of NaCl - distilled water - or 1M solution of sucrose?
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Emulsification
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
9. What is acid proteolysis?
Milk
Racemic Mixture
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
10. What compounds oxidize to form brown color in fruits and vegetables?
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Oil in Water
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Polyphenols
11. If the absorption of a sample is being determined spectrophotometrically at 420 nm what color is the sample?
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Yellow
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
12. A) Is the major component of most foods.B) Controls shelf-life or storage capabilityC) Regulates chemical and microbiological reactionsD) All of the above
Water
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
13. Waxes are composed of what two basic chemical entities?
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Fructose
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
14. What are proteins which are soluble in 50-80% ethanol known as?
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Pectin Esterase
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Prolamines
15. In the enzyme Taq Polymerase What does Taq stand for?
Lipase
Thermus Aqauticus
Sucrose
Pectins
16. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with hydrogen exhibits what shade of green?
Olive Green
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Phenylketonuria
17. What does MSG stand for?
Bitter
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Monosodium Glutamate
18. Food additive that could be used to prevent cocoa particles from settling in chocolate milk
Chitin
Polyphenols
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Carrageenan
19. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) what purpose do ammonium persulfates (APS) and TEMED serve?
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
Thamautin
Phenophylin
Water
20. Match the number of carbon atoms with the common name of these saturated fatty acids. Carbon #: 4:0 10:0 - 12:0 -14:0 - 16:0 - 18:0Common Name: Myristic - Butyric - Capric - Lauric - Stearic - Palmitic
Lipase
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Cis
21. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
Blue pigment in flowers
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Phenylketonuria
22. S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide is the chemical precursor to the major flavor compounds In what foodstuff?
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Speed of Light
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
Onions ( or leeks)
23. Name the two components that comprise the relaxing factor in muscle fibers.
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Whole Milk
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Troponins and Tropomyosin
24. How is pH defined?
14
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
2.5
Oil in Water
25. What would be a safe processing time for heat processing green beans in a boiling water bath? A. 30 minutes B. 300 minutes C. Depends on the size of the food container D. None of the above
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
D: None of the above
Yes
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
26. What does MSG stand for?
Monosodium Glutamate
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Plasmids
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
27. How many carbon atoms are there in the fatty acid myristic acid?
Monosodium Glutamate
14
Thickener in foods
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
28. Name two main gluten proteins.
Tryptophan
Gliadins and Glutenins
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Onions ( or leeks)
29. What is the enzyme responsible for browning in apples and lettuce?
Polyphenol Oxidase
Racemic Mixture
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Polyphenoloxidase
30. An emulsifier with a high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value would promote which type of emulsion: oil in water or water in oil?
.05
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Oil in Water
Cis
31. What degradative enzyme causes browning in apples - pears - bananas - and peaches?
Polyphenoloxidase
Osmosis
Lipid oxidation
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
32. Which amino acid has the greatest molecular weight: tryptophan or tyrosine?
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Tryptophan
Fat Oxidation
33. How many polypeptide chains make up an antibody?
Four
Speed of Light
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Water
34. What is the structural difference between chlorophyll and chlocophyllide?
Carrageenan
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Onions ( or leeks)
35. What does Acid Degree Value measure and how is it measured?
No
Cis
Lipase
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
36. How do sodium chloride and sucrose affect foam stability?
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Non-protein nitrogen
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
37. What are 3 mesomorphic structures associated with lipids in the liquid state?
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Yellow
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
38. What is the winterization process for an oil?
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Lipase
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
39. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
Daminozide
40. What metabolic end product does the Voges-Proskauer test detect?
Water
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Acetoin
Anthocyanins
41. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) what purpose do ammonium persulfates (APS) and TEMED serve?
Daminozide
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Thickener in foods
42. What does the 'c' stand for in the equation E=mc2?
No
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Speed of Light
Non-protein nitrogen
43. What is the structural difference between chlorophyll and pheophytia?
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Phenylketonuria
44. What are 3 mesomorphic structures associated with lipids in the liquid state?
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
45. At low water activity What is the main deteriorative concern?
Lipid oxidation
Parabens
Racemic Mixture
Speed of Light
46. Name 3 chemical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Carrageenan
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
47. What metabolic disorder prevents conversion of phenulalanine to tyrosine by normal metabolic pathways?
Phenylketonuria
Orange Juice
Bright green
Tryptophan
48. To which of the following four basic tastes are humans most sensitive? A) Bitter B) Sweet C) Sour D) Salty
Phenophylin
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Bitter
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
49. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
50. Which of the following examples of browning is enzymatic in nature? 1. Browning of sugars as a result of heating 2. Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables 3. Browning of bread during toasting 4. Browning of potato chips
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Onions ( or leeks)