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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does Acid Degree Value measure and how is it measured?
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
Racemic Mixture
Four
Speed of Light
2. Name two main gluten proteins.
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Gliadins and Glutenins
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
3. How do sodium chloride and sucrose affect foam stability?
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
4. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Fructose
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Daminozide
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
5. Contains the lowest content of water
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Whole Milk
Thickener in foods
Orange Juice
6. What metabolic end product does the Voges-Proskauer test detect?
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
pH 3-5
Acetoin
Prolamines
7. What two types of compounds are joined with an ester bond to make a wax?
Bright green
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Four
8. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Linoleic Acid
Pectin Esterase
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
9. Food additive that could be used to prevent cocoa particles from settling in chocolate milk
Carrageenan
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
It explodes
Fat Oxidation
10. S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide is the chemical precursor to the major flavor compounds In what foodstuff?
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Daminozide
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Onions ( or leeks)
11. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with magnesium exhibits what shade of green?
Polyphenol Oxidase
Milk
Bright green
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
12. Name a commonly used household chemical leavening agent and the gas it generates.
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Water
13. Name three factors useful in controlling enzyme activity.
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Orange Juice
Parabens
14. What is Carboxy-methyl cellulose often used for?
Thickener in foods
Capsaicin
D: None of the above
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
15. Does kosmotrophil ion discourage water structure?
Capsaicin
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
No
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
16. What toxic pigment is found in cottonseed endosperm?
Four
Fat Oxidation
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
17. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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18. What does the saponification value measure and how is it measured?
Water
Orange Juice
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Two aldehydes
19. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Daminozide
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Yellow
Fat Oxidation
20. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Monosodium Glutamate
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Emulsoids
Olive Green
21. What does the acronym NPN stand for?
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Non-protein nitrogen
RNA transcribed to DNA
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
22. What kinds of food emulsions are? (1) Butter (2) Mayonnaise(3) Milk
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Sucrose
Emulsoids
Chitin
23. What is the Peroxide Value a measure of?
Fat Oxidation
.05
Daminozide
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
24. What is the name of the structural carbohydrate found in lobsters crab - shellfish - and insects?
.05
Chitin
2.5
Olive Green
25. Q What reaction does the enzyme 'reverse transcriptase' catalyze?
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
RNA transcribed to DNA
Thermus Aqauticus
26. What ketohexose is most significant to food chemists?
Thickener in foods
Fructose
Daminozide
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
27. What are the limiting amino acids in corn - potato - and green peas?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Daminozide
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
28. How many carbon atoms are there in the fatty acid myristic acid?
14
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Emulsification
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
29. At what pH is benzoic acid most effective?
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Fructose
pH 3-5
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
30. What is the chemical nomenclature for caffeine?
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Lycopenes
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
31. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Two aldehydes
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
32. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
Osmosis
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
33. What is the common name for 9 12 - cis-cis-octa dienoic acid?
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Linoleic Acid
34. What does the iodine value measure and how is it measured?
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Pectin Esterase
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
35. Name three non-nutritive sweeteners approved for use in USA?
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
36. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Pectins
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
37. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
Polyphenols
Parabens
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
38. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
Milk
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Daminozide
39. What toxic pigment is found in cottonseed endosperm?
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
Erythorbic Acid
Four
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
40. What is the fundamental driving of electrophoresis?
Fat Oxidation
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
41. How do sodium chloride and sucrose affect foam stability?
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Emulsification
It explodes
42. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Racemic Mixture
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Milk
43. What are the three stages of oxidative rancidity?
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Osmosis
Erythorbic Acid
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
44. An emulsifier with a high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value would promote which type of emulsion: oil in water or water in oil?
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
Oil in Water
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
45. What are two common reducing agents that break disulfide bonds in proteins?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
46. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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47. What is the winterization process for an oil?
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Water
Parabens
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
48. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Anomeric
14
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
49. What is the main class of color compounds found in raspberries?
Daminozide
Olive Green
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Anthocyanins
50. What happens to a bottle of wine if before you bottle it you forget to put the stuff in it that prevents it from fermenting?
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
It explodes