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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. During freezing What are the two stages in the crystallization process?
Cis
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
2. Name three effects of protein denaturation.
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
Pectin Esterase
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Daminozide
3. Name two main gluten proteins.
Gliadins and Glutenins
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Anthocyanins
2.5
4. What degradative enzyme causes browning in apples - pears - bananas - and peaches?
Polyphenoloxidase
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Blue pigment in flowers
Yellow
5. What chemical compound is responsible for the 'hot' principle of jalepeno peppers?
Thickener in foods
Arachidonic Acid
Capsaicin
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
6. What is Ohm's Law and What is Power Equation?
45% - 52% - 90%
Polyphenol Oxidase
Chitin
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
7. What are the fructose contents in commercial HFCS products.
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Daminozide
Fructose
45% - 52% - 90%
8. What kinds of food emulsions are? (1) Butter (2) Mayonnaise(3) Milk
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Thamautin
Oil in Water
Bitter
9. What are the primary secondary - tertiary - and quaternary structures?
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
2.5
Parabens
10. What is the fundamental driving of electrophoresis?
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
14
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Blue pigment in flowers
11. What is the major color compound in tomatoes?
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Lycopenes
Oil in Water
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
12. What is the name of the structural carbohydrate found in lobsters crab - shellfish - and insects?
Chitin
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
Pheophytin forms
It explodes
13. What ketohexose is most significant to food chemists?
D: None of the above
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Fructose
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
14. Name three factors useful in controlling enzyme activity.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Capsaicin
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
15. Name the two components that comprise the relaxing factor in muscle fibers.
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Anomeric
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Parabens
16. In what food is butyric acid typically found?
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Pectin Esterase
Arachidonic Acid
Milk
17. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
No
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
pH 3-5
18. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
pH 3-5
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
19. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
14
Chitin
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
20. If you take 20 ml of .1 M NaOH to titrate 40 mL of an HCL solution to the penolphthalein end point What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
.05 M HCL
Polyphenoloxidase
Carmelization and Maillard
Water
21. What is the enzyme responsible for browning in apples and lettuce?
Polyphenol Oxidase
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Orange Juice
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
22. Name a naturally occurring protein sweetener.
Thamautin
Lipid oxidation
Carrageenan
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
23. What is catalase?
Polyphenols
Polyphenol Oxidase
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
24. Name one way foam stability can be assessed.
Anthocyanins
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
pH 3-5
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
25. Which two amino acids is the aspartame derived from?
ERH=100 x Aw
.05
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Yellow
26. S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide is the chemical precursor to the major flavor compounds In what foodstuff?
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Onions ( or leeks)
27. What are the four basic flavors perceived by the tongue?
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Yellow
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
28. Which two amino acids is the aspartame derived from?
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Four
No
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
29. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Milk
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
45% - 52% - 90%
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
30. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Thermus Aqauticus
31. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Plasmids
Four
It explodes
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
32. Name a naturally occurring protein sweetener.
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Thamautin
.05 M HCL
33. Waxes are composed of what two basic chemical entities?
Polyphenoloxidase
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
34. What enzyme causes hyrolytic rancidity in milk?
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Lipase
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
35. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
36. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Carmelization and Maillard
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Non-protein nitrogen
37. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Whole Milk
.05
Parabens
38. What does the saponification value measure and how is it measured?
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Fructose
39. What is the enzyme that softens tomatoes?
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Bitter
Pectin Esterase
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
40. What metabolic disorder prevents conversion of phenulalanine to tyrosine by normal metabolic pathways?
Plasmids
Yellow
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Phenylketonuria
41. Name 3 factors influencing the consistency of commercial fats.
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Polyphenol Oxidase
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
42. What is the name given to a mixture of equal parts of Darel Lisomers?
Thermus Aqauticus
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Racemic Mixture
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
43. What charge will a protein have when the pH of its solution is below at - and above its pKa?
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Polyphenoloxidase
Monosodium Glutamate
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
44. Waxes are composed of what two basic chemical entities?
Blue pigment in flowers
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Monosodium Glutamate
45. An emulsifier with a high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value would promote which type of emulsion: oil in water or water in oil?
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Four
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
Oil in Water
46. How many carbon atoms are there in the fatty acid myristic acid?
14
Fructose
Lycopenes
Thickener in foods
47. What are the limiting amino acids in corn - potato - and green peas?
14
Lipid oxidation
Capsaicin
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
48. What enzyme is most responsible for browning bananas?
Chitin
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Polyphenol Oxidase
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
49. What happens to a bottle of wine if before you bottle it you forget to put the stuff in it that prevents it from fermenting?
Phenylketonuria
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
It explodes
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
50. What is the common name for 9 12 - cis-cis-octa dienoic acid?
Linoleic Acid
Oil in Water
.05 M HCL
45% - 52% - 90%