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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the chemical nature of anthocyanins?
Lipid oxidation
Phenophylin
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
2. 20 grams of amylose is added to 80 grams of water in a bearker; the boiling point is measured with an ordinary mercury-in-glass thermometer. What is the observed boiling point of the material in the beaker?
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
45% - 52% - 90%
3. What are 3 mesomorphic structures associated with lipids in the liquid state?
.05
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
4. Name 3 factors influencing the rate of lipid oxidation in foods.
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Arachidonic Acid
Monosodium Glutamate
5. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
6. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
pH 3-5
Daminozide
Water
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
7. What is the name of the degradation compound of chlorophyll?
Milk
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Phenophylin
Plasmids
8. What is the structural difference between chlorophyll and chlocophyllide?
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Lipase
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Lycopenes
9. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
Emulsification
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Prolamines
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
10. What is the winterization process for an oil?
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Emulsoids
Cis
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
11. Does kosmotrophil ion discourage water structure?
Four
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
Phenylketonuria
No
12. To which of the following four basic tastes are humans most sensitive? A) Bitter B) Sweet C) Sour D) Salty
Oil in Water
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Bitter
Speed of Light
13. Match the number of carbon atoms with the common name of these saturated fatty acids. Carbon #: 4:0 10:0 - 12:0 -14:0 - 16:0 - 18:0Common Name: Myristic - Butyric - Capric - Lauric - Stearic - Palmitic
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Olive Green
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Onions ( or leeks)
14. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
Pheophytin forms
Monosodium Glutamate
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Carmelization and Maillard
15. What degradative enzyme causes browning in apples - pears - bananas - and peaches?
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Polyphenoloxidase
16. Name the most common functional property of phospholipids in food systems.
Fructose
Thamautin
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Emulsification
17. Which will be coldest at its freezing point: 1M dispersion of amylose 1M solution of NaCl - distilled water - or 1M solution of sucrose?
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
.05
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
18. What does the iodine value measure and how is it measured?
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Thermus Aqauticus
Arachidonic Acid
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
19. Name 3 factors influencing the consistency of commercial fats.
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Daminozide
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
20. What would be a safe processing time for heat processing green beans in a boiling water bath? A. 30 minutes B. 300 minutes C. Depends on the size of the food container D. None of the above
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
D: None of the above
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Fat Oxidation
21. What is Carboxy-methyl cellulose often used for?
Thickener in foods
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Polyphenol Oxidase
Water
22. Name three non-nutritive sweeteners approved for use in USA?
Cis
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
23. How many polypeptide chains make up an antibody?
Four
Milk
Lycopenes
Speed of Light
24. What is the winterization process for an oil?
Monosodium Glutamate
Monosodium Glutamate
Whole Milk
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
25. What is the structural difference between chlorophyll and chlocophyllide?
Yellow
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
26. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
Capsaicin
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Pectin Esterase
pH 3-5
27. What two common compounds are used together as an antioxidative system?
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Capsaicin
Lycopenes
28. What is the fundamental driving of electrophoresis?
pH 3-5
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Osmosis
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
29. What is acid proteolysis?
Daminozide
Water
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
30. What is the common name for 9 12 - cis-cis-octa dienoic acid?
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Linoleic Acid
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
31. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with magnesium exhibits what shade of green?
Bright green
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Racemic Mixture
Emulsification
32. What are the three main steps in the autooxidation of lipids?
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Parabens
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Carrageenan
33. What are soluble polymers of anhydro-galacturonic acid and its esters called?
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Pectins
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Capsaicin
34. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Orange Juice
Plasmids
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
35. In the enzyme Taq Polymerase What does Taq stand for?
Sucrose
Thermus Aqauticus
Yes
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
36. Peptide bond formation results in the formation of what secondary compound?
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Lipid oxidation
Water
Pheophytin forms
37. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Anthocyanins
Non-protein nitrogen
Whole Milk
38. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Anthocyanins
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
39. Which two amino acids is the aspartame derived from?
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Prolamines
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
40. What does the saponification value measure and how is it measured?
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Non-protein nitrogen
Polyphenoloxidase
41. Name three non-nutritive sweeteners approved for use in USA?
Blue pigment in flowers
Thamautin
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
RNA transcribed to DNA
42. Which will be coldest at its freezing point: 1M dispersion of amylose 1M solution of NaCl - distilled water - or 1M solution of sucrose?
RNA transcribed to DNA
14
Gliadins and Glutenins
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
43. To which of the following four basic tastes are humans most sensitive? A) Bitter B) Sweet C) Sour D) Salty
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Bitter
Arachidonic Acid
Speed of Light
44. In the enzyme Taq Polymerase What does Taq stand for?
Thermus Aqauticus
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Anomeric
45. Name one way foam stability can be assessed.
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Four
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
46. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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47. What happens to chlorophyll on heating?
Bright green
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Pheophytin forms
Acetoin
48. What does MSG stand for?
Arachidonic Acid
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Monosodium Glutamate
45% - 52% - 90%
49. What happens to a bottle of wine if before you bottle it you forget to put the stuff in it that prevents it from fermenting?
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Anthocyanins
Thermus Aqauticus
It explodes
50. What would be a safe processing time for heat processing green beans in a boiling water bath? A. 30 minutes B. 300 minutes C. Depends on the size of the food container D. None of the above
Arachidonic Acid
D: None of the above
Pheophytin forms
Glycosides of anthocyanidins