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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What chemical compound is responsible for the 'hot' principle of jalepeno peppers?
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Capsaicin
Lycopenes
Tryptophan
2. What enzyme causes hyrolytic rancidity in milk?
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Lipase
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Polyphenol Oxidase
3. How is pH defined?
Yes
Two aldehydes
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
4. What is the enzyme that softens tomatoes?
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Bright green
Pectin Esterase
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
5. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Blue pigment in flowers
Tryptophan
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
6. What is the major color compound in tomatoes?
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Whole Milk
Lycopenes
7. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
No
pH 3-5
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
8. Name 3 factors influencing the rate of lipid oxidation in foods.
Lipase
Prolamines
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
9. Name the most common functional property of phospholipids in food systems.
Yellow
Emulsification
Lipase
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
10. What is the major color compound in tomatoes?
Lycopenes
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Pectin Esterase
Arachidonic Acid
11. What does the iodine value measure and how is it measured?
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Phenylketonuria
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
12. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) what purpose do ammonium persulfates (APS) and TEMED serve?
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Water
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
13. Contains the lowest content of water
Acetoin
Whole Milk
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
14. Name three nonpolar polar - and charged amino acids.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Thickener in foods
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
15. What are colloids that are stabilized by a layer of solvation called?
Carrageenan
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Emulsoids
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
16. Name 3 chemical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Sucrose
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Tryptophan
17. What two types of compounds are joined with an ester bond to make a wax?
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Gliadins and Glutenins
Daminozide
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
18. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Phenophylin
Fat Oxidation
Troponins and Tropomyosin
19. Name a commonly used household chemical leavening agent and the gas it generates.
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
20. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with magnesium exhibits what shade of green?
Phenylketonuria
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Carmelization and Maillard
Bright green
21. What are the limiting amino acids in corn - potato - and green peas?
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
22. What enzyme causes hyrolytic rancidity in milk?
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Water
Lipase
Whole Milk
23. In the enzyme Taq Polymerase What does Taq stand for?
Carmelization and Maillard
Lipid oxidation
Thermus Aqauticus
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
24. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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25. A) Is the major component of most foods.B) Controls shelf-life or storage capabilityC) Regulates chemical and microbiological reactionsD) All of the above
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Water
Bright green
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
26. What are the three main steps in the autooxidation of lipids?
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Blue pigment in flowers
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
27. What are the four basic flavors perceived by the tongue?
Fructose
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Phenylketonuria
Two aldehydes
28. Which amino acid has the greatest molecular weight: tryptophan or tyrosine?
Tryptophan
Acetoin
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Lipid oxidation
29. Name the most common functional property of phospholipids in food systems.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Emulsification
Olive Green
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
30. What is catalase?
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
31. What is the protein efficiency ratio (PER) of casein?
Daminozide
D: None of the above
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
2.5
32. What are the four basic flavors perceived by the tongue?
Chitin
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Speed of Light
Olive Green
33. What two common compounds are used together as an antioxidative system?
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Emulsoids
34. What is the winterization process for an oil?
Olive Green
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Tryptophan
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
35. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
Parabens
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
36. How do sodium chloride and sucrose affect foam stability?
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Orange Juice
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
37. What is the structural difference between chlorophyll and chlocophyllide?
Lipase
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
38. What are colloids that are stabilized by a layer of solvation called?
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Emulsoids
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
39. What compounds oxidize to form brown color in fruits and vegetables?
No
Polyphenol Oxidase
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Polyphenols
40. What is the geometric configuration of double bonds in most natural fatty acids?
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
Plasmids
Water
Cis
41. What are proteins which are soluble in 50-80% ethanol known as?
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Blue pigment in flowers
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Prolamines
42. Name 3 factors influencing the consistency of commercial fats.
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Milk
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Polyphenol Oxidase
43. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
Monosodium Glutamate
Fructose
Orange Juice
Fat Oxidation
44. The undesirable clarification of orange juice or tomato juice (precipitation of pulp) is caused by what enzymes?
.05 M HCL
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Speed of Light
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
45. What enzyme is most responsible for browning bananas?
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
Erythorbic Acid
Polyphenol Oxidase
46. To which of the following four basic tastes are humans most sensitive? A) Bitter B) Sweet C) Sour D) Salty
Olive Green
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Bitter
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
47. What is the name given to a mixture of equal parts of Darel Lisomers?
Racemic Mixture
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Pectin Esterase
48. Q What reaction does the enzyme 'reverse transcriptase' catalyze?
Thermus Aqauticus
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Onions ( or leeks)
RNA transcribed to DNA
49. What is Ohm's Law and What is Power Equation?
Speed of Light
Phenophylin
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
50. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Daminozide