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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
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Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Emulsification
Whole Milk
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Water
2. Give one word for a carbon atom involved in hemiacetal or acetal formation.
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Anomeric
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
3. What are the primary secondary - tertiary - and quaternary structures?
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Oil in Water
4. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
Bitter
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Emulsification
5. Name three non-nutritive sweeteners approved for use in USA?
Thamautin
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
6. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
7. What is the chemical nature of anthocyanins?
45% - 52% - 90%
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Capsaicin
Polyphenol Oxidase
8. Which will be coldest at its freezing point: 1M dispersion of amylose 1M solution of NaCl - distilled water - or 1M solution of sucrose?
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
Plasmids
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
9. What two types of compounds are joined with an ester bond to make a wax?
ERH=100 x Aw
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Pectin Esterase
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
10. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
11. What is the winterization process for an oil?
.05
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
45% - 52% - 90%
Acetoin
12. What is the acid present in fish oil?
Yes
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Arachidonic Acid
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
13. Match the number of carbon atoms with the common name of these saturated fatty acids. Carbon #: 4:0 10:0 - 12:0 -14:0 - 16:0 - 18:0Common Name: Myristic - Butyric - Capric - Lauric - Stearic - Palmitic
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
14. What does Reichert-Meissert Number measure?
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Blue pigment in flowers
Pectin Esterase
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
15. How many carbon atoms and how many double bonds are there in arachidonic acid?
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Parabens
Troponins and Tropomyosin
16. What is the structural difference between chlorophyll and chlocophyllide?
Daminozide
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
17. What is the fundamental driving of electrophoresis?
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Thermus Aqauticus
18. Contains the lowest content of water
Fat Oxidation
Water
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
Whole Milk
19. What are the four basic flavors perceived by the tongue?
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Anthocyanins
20. What is the name of the structural carbohydrate found in lobsters crab - shellfish - and insects?
Polyphenol Oxidase
Chitin
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
2.5
21. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with magnesium exhibits what shade of green?
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Yellow
Whole Milk
Bright green
22. What charge will a protein have when the pH of its solution is below at - and above its pKa?
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Water
Fructose
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
23. How does HPLC differ from FPLC?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Water
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
24. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Daminozide
Cis
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
25. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Anthocyanins
26. Define molarity molality - and normality.
Emulsoids
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
45% - 52% - 90%
Thickener in foods
27. If you take 20 ml of .1 M NaOH to titrate 40 mL of an HCL solution to the penolphthalein end point What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
.05 M HCL
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
28. What is acid proteolysis?
Arachidonic Acid
Plasmids
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Monosodium Glutamate
29. Name the two components that comprise the relaxing factor in muscle fibers.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
.05 M HCL
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
30. What ketohexose is most significant to food chemists?
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Fructose
Pheophytin forms
31. Name a naturally occurring protein sweetener.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Thamautin
14
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
32. At low water activity What is the main deteriorative concern?
RNA transcribed to DNA
Pectin Esterase
Lipid oxidation
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
33. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
Plasmids
Whole Milk
Non-protein nitrogen
Orange Juice
34. What are the three main steps in the autooxidation of lipids?
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Monosodium Glutamate
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
35. 20 grams of amylose is added to 80 grams of water in a bearker; the boiling point is measured with an ordinary mercury-in-glass thermometer. What is the observed boiling point of the material in the beaker?
Blue pigment in flowers
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Yes
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
36. At low water activity What is the main deteriorative concern?
Cis
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Orange Juice
Lipid oxidation
37. What is the enzyme that softens tomatoes?
Pectin Esterase
Yellow
.05
Arachidonic Acid
38. Q What reaction does the enzyme 'reverse transcriptase' catalyze?
RNA transcribed to DNA
Lipid oxidation
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
39. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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40. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
41. What degradative enzyme causes browning in apples - pears - bananas - and peaches?
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Polyphenoloxidase
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
RNA transcribed to DNA
42. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with hydrogen exhibits what shade of green?
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Olive Green
Emulsification
43. How many carbon atoms are there in the fatty acid myristic acid?
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
14
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
44. How can a molecular weight of protein - DNA - and RNA be determined?
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
45. If the absorption of a sample is being determined spectrophotometrically at 420 nm what color is the sample?
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Thickener in foods
Yellow
Polyphenoloxidase
46. What is the movement of molecules through a semi permeable membrane from a region of low to high solute concentration called?
Pheophytin forms
Osmosis
Emulsoids
Arachidonic Acid
47. Name the three positively charged amino acids.
RNA transcribed to DNA
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
48. What two enzymes degrade pectic substances?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
Two aldehydes
49. Will lipid oxidation be higher at a water activity of .05 or .5?
.05
Pectin Esterase
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
50. What is the chemical nomenclature for caffeine?
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.