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Food Chemistry
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Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What two enzymes degrade pectic substances?
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
RNA transcribed to DNA
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
2. What is the chemical nature of anthocyanins?
Milk
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Anomeric
3. What is acid proteolysis?
2.5
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
4. What does the 'c' stand for in the equation E=mc2?
.05 M HCL
Anthocyanins
Bitter
Speed of Light
5. What are the fructose contents in commercial HFCS products.
14
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
45% - 52% - 90%
6. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Two aldehydes
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
7. Which of the following examples of browning is enzymatic in nature? 1. Browning of sugars as a result of heating 2. Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables 3. Browning of bread during toasting 4. Browning of potato chips
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Polyphenoloxidase
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Tryptophan
8. To which of the following four basic tastes are humans most sensitive? A) Bitter B) Sweet C) Sour D) Salty
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Bitter
Gliadins and Glutenins
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
9. What metabolic end product does the Voges-Proskauer test detect?
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Acetoin
Milk
Phenylketonuria
10. What does Acid Degree Value measure and how is it measured?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Pheophytin forms
Carrageenan
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
11. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
Plasmids
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Monosodium Glutamate
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
12. At low water activity What is the main deteriorative concern?
Lipid oxidation
Water
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Emulsoids
13. An emulsifier with a high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value would promote which type of emulsion: oil in water or water in oil?
Oil in Water
Fat Oxidation
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
14. What is the structural difference between chlorophyll and chlocophyllide?
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Gliadins and Glutenins
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
15. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Parabens
Oil in Water
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
16. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with hydrogen exhibits what shade of green?
Olive Green
Anomeric
45% - 52% - 90%
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
17. What pigment was first designated as anthocyanins?
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
Emulsification
Blue pigment in flowers
Fructose
18. What compounds oxidize to form brown color in fruits and vegetables?
Polyphenols
Whole Milk
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Sucrose
19. Peptide bond formation results in the formation of what secondary compound?
Four
Water
Non-protein nitrogen
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
20. S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide is the chemical precursor to the major flavor compounds In what foodstuff?
Onions ( or leeks)
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
ERH=100 x Aw
Polyphenol Oxidase
21. What are colloids that are stabilized by a layer of solvation called?
Tryptophan
Milk
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Emulsoids
22. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
Emulsoids
Lycopenes
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Polyphenol Oxidase
23. 20 grams of amylose is added to 80 grams of water in a bearker; the boiling point is measured with an ordinary mercury-in-glass thermometer. What is the observed boiling point of the material in the beaker?
2.5
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Emulsification
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
24. Name three nonpolar polar - and charged amino acids.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Emulsification
Erythorbic Acid
25. A) Is the major component of most foods.B) Controls shelf-life or storage capabilityC) Regulates chemical and microbiological reactionsD) All of the above
Polyphenols
Water
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
.05 M HCL
26. What does the 'c' stand for in the equation E=mc2?
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Speed of Light
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
.05
27. Match the number of carbon atoms with the common name of these saturated fatty acids. Carbon #: 4:0 10:0 - 12:0 -14:0 - 16:0 - 18:0Common Name: Myristic - Butyric - Capric - Lauric - Stearic - Palmitic
Bitter
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Whole Milk
28. Name 3 chemical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
29. What compounds oxidize to form brown color in fruits and vegetables?
Cis
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Lipid oxidation
Polyphenols
30. Which two amino acids is the aspartame derived from?
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Prolamines
2.5
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
31. Food additive that could be used to prevent cocoa particles from settling in chocolate milk
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Carrageenan
Two aldehydes
Racemic Mixture
32. What is the name of the structural carbohydrate found in lobsters crab - shellfish - and insects?
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
Chitin
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
33. What is acid proteolysis?
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
.05 M HCL
2.5
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
34. What is the Peroxide Value a measure of?
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Fat Oxidation
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
35. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Olive Green
It explodes
36. Name two non-enzymatic browning reactions.
Daminozide
Sucrose
Yes
Carmelization and Maillard
37. What enzyme is most responsible for browning bananas?
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Polyphenol Oxidase
38. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Daminozide
Capsaicin
39. What are proteins which are soluble in 50-80% ethanol known as?
Lipase
Prolamines
Pheophytin forms
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
40. How many carbon atoms and how many double bonds are there in arachidonic acid?
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Plasmids
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
41. Name 3 factors influencing the rate of lipid oxidation in foods.
Carrageenan
Yes
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Monosodium Glutamate
42. What is the enzyme responsible for browning in apples and lettuce?
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Capsaicin
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Polyphenol Oxidase
43. What does MSG stand for?
Thickener in foods
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Monosodium Glutamate
44. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
45. What does HLB stand for and What does a high and low HLB value indicate?
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Polyphenol Oxidase
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Parabens
46. Which will be coldest at its freezing point: 1M dispersion of amylose 1M solution of NaCl - distilled water - or 1M solution of sucrose?
Phenylketonuria
Plasmids
Speed of Light
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
47. Name 3 factors influencing the consistency of commercial fats.
Yes
Pectin Esterase
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
48. Are sorbitol and mannitol sweet?
Yes
Bright green
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Arachidonic Acid
49. What ketohexose is most significant to food chemists?
Fructose
Pectin Esterase
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Two aldehydes
50. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Orange Juice
14
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
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