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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How many polypeptide chains make up an antibody?
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Four
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
pH 3-5
2. If oxygen attacks an unsaturated fatty acids at the double bond What is the resultant product?
Carrageenan
Water
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Two aldehydes
3. At what pH is benzoic acid most effective?
Anthocyanins
45% - 52% - 90%
D: None of the above
pH 3-5
4. What does Acid Degree Value measure and how is it measured?
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Polyphenoloxidase
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
5. In what food is butyric acid typically found?
Milk
Carrageenan
Arachidonic Acid
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
6. Which of the following examples of browning is enzymatic in nature? 1. Browning of sugars as a result of heating 2. Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables 3. Browning of bread during toasting 4. Browning of potato chips
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Polyphenols
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Carrageenan
7. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Chitin
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
8. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Polyphenols
RNA transcribed to DNA
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
9. Which of the following examples of browning is enzymatic in nature? 1. Browning of sugars as a result of heating 2. Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables 3. Browning of bread during toasting 4. Browning of potato chips
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Milk
10. Which amino acid has the greatest molecular weight: tryptophan or tyrosine?
Pectin Esterase
Tryptophan
Cis
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
11. If the absorption of a sample is being determined spectrophotometrically at 420 nm what color is the sample?
Pectin Esterase
Cis
Yellow
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
12. What ketohexose is most significant to food chemists?
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Fructose
13. Name three non-nutritive sweeteners approved for use in USA?
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
14. Name 3 chemical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Monosodium Glutamate
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
15. What is an isomer that is cheaper than Vitamin C?
Erythorbic Acid
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Polyphenoloxidase
16. Which two amino acids is the aspartame derived from?
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Linoleic Acid
Anomeric
17. Give one word for a carbon atom involved in hemiacetal or acetal formation.
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Sucrose
Anomeric
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
18. What is the name of the structural carbohydrate found in lobsters crab - shellfish - and insects?
Chitin
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Carrageenan
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
19. Name two reasons why fats are hydrogenated.
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Tryptophan
20. What charge will a protein have when the pH of its solution is below at - and above its pKa?
Polyphenoloxidase
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Fructose
Cis
21. What happens to chlorophyll on heating?
Thamautin
Emulsification
Pheophytin forms
Non-protein nitrogen
22. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Phenophylin
Water
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
23. What is the fundamental driving of electrophoresis?
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
D: None of the above
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
24. What is the movement of molecules through a semi permeable membrane from a region of low to high solute concentration called?
Osmosis
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Gliadins and Glutenins
25. What does Reichert-Meissert Number measure?
Emulsification
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
26. Name two main gluten proteins.
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Gliadins and Glutenins
Phenophylin
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
27. What are colloids that are stabilized by a layer of solvation called?
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Sucrose
Emulsoids
Sucrose
28. Does kosmotrophil ion discourage water structure?
Chitin
Lipid oxidation
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
No
29. Contains the lowest content of water
Lycopenes
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Lycopenes
Whole Milk
30. Which two amino acids is the aspartame derived from?
Prolamines
Osmosis
Emulsoids
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
31. What is the acid present in fish oil?
Arachidonic Acid
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Pectins
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
32. What is Ohm's Law and What is Power Equation?
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Onions ( or leeks)
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
33. What is catalase?
It explodes
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Fructose
Monosodium Glutamate
34. At what pH is benzoic acid most effective?
Polyphenoloxidase
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
pH 3-5
35. Will lipid oxidation be higher at a water activity of .05 or .5?
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
.05
Pectin Esterase
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
36. What degradative enzyme causes browning in apples - pears - bananas - and peaches?
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Polyphenoloxidase
2.5
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
37. How many carbon atoms are there in the fatty acid myristic acid?
Arachidonic Acid
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
14
38. What is the common name for 9 12 - cis-cis-octa dienoic acid?
Fat Oxidation
Water
Capsaicin
Linoleic Acid
39. What does the iodine value measure and how is it measured?
Thermus Aqauticus
Carrageenan
It explodes
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
40. Name two non-enzymatic browning reactions.
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Carmelization and Maillard
Plasmids
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
41. Does kosmotrophil ion discourage water structure?
Osmosis
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
No
2.5
42. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) what purpose do ammonium persulfates (APS) and TEMED serve?
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Oil in Water
Speed of Light
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
43. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Onions ( or leeks)
Pheophytin forms
Two aldehydes
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
44. Name two main gluten proteins.
Gliadins and Glutenins
Fat Oxidation
Onions ( or leeks)
Arachidonic Acid
45. The undesirable clarification of orange juice or tomato juice (precipitation of pulp) is caused by what enzymes?
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
46. Name 3 factors influencing the rate of lipid oxidation in foods.
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Carmelization and Maillard
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
47. What is the main class of color compounds found in raspberries?
Anthocyanins
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
48. What is Carboxy-methyl cellulose often used for?
Monosodium Glutamate
Thickener in foods
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
49. Name three factors useful in controlling enzyme activity.
Water
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
50. Name three factors useful in controlling enzyme activity.
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
pH 3-5