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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If you take 20 ml of .1 M NaOH to titrate 40 mL of an HCL solution to the penolphthalein end point What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
.05 M HCL
Lipid oxidation
2. Name a commonly used household chemical leavening agent and the gas it generates.
Whole Milk
Olive Green
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
3. Name three effects of protein denaturation.
Milk
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Lipase
4. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
Parabens
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
5. What is the major color compound in tomatoes?
No
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Lycopenes
6. Name a naturally occurring protein sweetener.
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Thamautin
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
7. If oxygen attacks an unsaturated fatty acids at the double bond What is the resultant product?
Carmelization and Maillard
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Polyphenoloxidase
Two aldehydes
8. Name the two components that comprise the relaxing factor in muscle fibers.
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Olive Green
Thermus Aqauticus
9. How is pH defined?
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
45% - 52% - 90%
10. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Acetoin
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
11. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Daminozide
Onions ( or leeks)
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
12. What are colloids that are stabilized by a layer of solvation called?
Prolamines
Daminozide
Fructose
Emulsoids
13. Which of the following examples of browning is enzymatic in nature? 1. Browning of sugars as a result of heating 2. Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables 3. Browning of bread during toasting 4. Browning of potato chips
Phenylketonuria
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
14. What degradative enzyme causes browning in apples - pears - bananas - and peaches?
Bitter
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Polyphenoloxidase
Emulsoids
15. How can a molecular weight of protein - DNA - and RNA be determined?
Four
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Monosodium Glutamate
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
16. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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17. A) Is the major component of most foods.B) Controls shelf-life or storage capabilityC) Regulates chemical and microbiological reactionsD) All of the above
Carmelization and Maillard
Onions ( or leeks)
Water
Acetoin
18. S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide is the chemical precursor to the major flavor compounds In what foodstuff?
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Onions ( or leeks)
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
19. Give one word for a carbon atom involved in hemiacetal or acetal formation.
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Anomeric
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
20. Which amino acid has the greatest molecular weight: tryptophan or tyrosine?
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Tryptophan
14
Yellow
21. The undesirable clarification of orange juice or tomato juice (precipitation of pulp) is caused by what enzymes?
Olive Green
Erythorbic Acid
Phenylketonuria
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
22. What would be a safe processing time for heat processing green beans in a boiling water bath? A. 30 minutes B. 300 minutes C. Depends on the size of the food container D. None of the above
D: None of the above
14
Plasmids
Anomeric
23. Name 3 factors influencing the consistency of commercial fats.
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
14
Lipid oxidation
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
24. What is the protein efficiency ratio (PER) of casein?
Pectins
2.5
Emulsification
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
25. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
26. Name 3 factors influencing the rate of lipid oxidation in foods.
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Thermus Aqauticus
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
27. What are proteins which are soluble in 50-80% ethanol known as?
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Prolamines
Fat Oxidation
45% - 52% - 90%
28. Is a disaccharide
Polyphenol Oxidase
Sucrose
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Carrageenan
29. What two types of compounds are joined with an ester bond to make a wax?
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Tryptophan
Blue pigment in flowers
Acetoin
30. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Speed of Light
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
31. What is the name of the degradation compound of chlorophyll?
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Phenophylin
Thermus Aqauticus
Emulsoids
32. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with magnesium exhibits what shade of green?
Two aldehydes
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Bright green
33. Name 5 proteins with good foaming properties.
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Osmosis
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Prolamines
34. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Plasmids
Daminozide
Chitin
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
35. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with magnesium exhibits what shade of green?
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
Polyphenol Oxidase
Bright green
36. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Polyphenols
37. How does ERH relate to water activity?
Anomeric
ERH=100 x Aw
Lycopenes
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
38. What is the main class of color compounds found in raspberries?
Anthocyanins
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
39. Name 3 physical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Daminozide
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Pectins
40. What metabolic end product does the Voges-Proskauer test detect?
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Four
pH 3-5
Acetoin
41. During freezing What are the two stages in the crystallization process?
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Pectin Esterase
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
42. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
Lycopenes
Phenylketonuria
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Blue pigment in flowers
43. What is the movement of molecules through a semi permeable membrane from a region of low to high solute concentration called?
Osmosis
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
RNA transcribed to DNA
44. How is pH defined?
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Pectins
45. Name three factors useful in controlling enzyme activity.
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
.05 M HCL
Linoleic Acid
46. What is Ohm's Law and What is Power Equation?
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Water
Acetoin
47. In what food is butyric acid typically found?
Milk
Two aldehydes
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
48. What are the limiting amino acids in corn - potato - and green peas?
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Four
Emulsoids
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
49. Name 3 factors influencing the rate of lipid oxidation in foods.
Whole Milk
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Lycopenes
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
50. Name the most common functional property of phospholipids in food systems.
Plasmids
Emulsification
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2