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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What two types of compounds are joined with an ester bond to make a wax?
Yes
Bright green
Fat Oxidation
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
2. Name two reasons why fats are hydrogenated.
Prolamines
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
3. What is Ohm's Law and What is Power Equation?
Osmosis
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Tryptophan
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
4. Match the number of carbon atoms with the common name of these saturated fatty acids. Carbon #: 4:0 10:0 - 12:0 -14:0 - 16:0 - 18:0Common Name: Myristic - Butyric - Capric - Lauric - Stearic - Palmitic
Pectins
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Emulsoids
Daminozide
5. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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6. How many carbon atoms and how many double bonds are there in arachidonic acid?
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
7. What enzyme is most responsible for browning bananas?
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Two aldehydes
Polyphenol Oxidase
Thamautin
8. What charge will a protein have when the pH of its solution is below at - and above its pKa?
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Milk
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
9. Name three factors useful in controlling enzyme activity.
Fat Oxidation
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
10. What is the fundamental driving of electrophoresis?
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
11. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Arachidonic Acid
12. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
Thermus Aqauticus
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
pH 3-5
13. How many carbon atoms are there in the fatty acid myristic acid?
Yes
Tryptophan
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
14
14. If oxygen attacks an unsaturated fatty acids at the double bond What is the resultant product?
Polyphenol Oxidase
Four
Two aldehydes
Oil in Water
15. What name is given to the small circular DNA molecules that carry genetic information independently of the main bacterial chromosome?
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Plasmids
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
16. What are the four basic flavors perceived by the tongue?
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
No
17. At low water activity What is the main deteriorative concern?
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Lipid oxidation
45% - 52% - 90%
18. What are the limiting amino acids in corn - potato - and green peas?
Pectins
Four
Emulsification
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
19. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
Non-protein nitrogen
Orange Juice
Erythorbic Acid
20. What is the geometric configuration of double bonds in most natural fatty acids?
Cis
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Blue pigment in flowers
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
21. An emulsifier with a high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value would promote which type of emulsion: oil in water or water in oil?
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
45% - 52% - 90%
Oil in Water
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
22. During freezing What are the two stages in the crystallization process?
Orange Juice
Cis
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
23. What name is given to the small circular DNA molecules that carry genetic information independently of the main bacterial chromosome?
Pectin Esterase
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Plasmids
Emulsoids
24. What is surimi?
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
.05 M HCL
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
25. What are colloids that are stabilized by a layer of solvation called?
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Emulsoids
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
26. What is the major color compound in tomatoes?
Pheophytin forms
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Parabens
Lycopenes
27. What are two common reducing agents that break disulfide bonds in proteins?
Lipase
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
28. What would be a safe processing time for heat processing green beans in a boiling water bath? A. 30 minutes B. 300 minutes C. Depends on the size of the food container D. None of the above
Gliadins and Glutenins
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
D: None of the above
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
29. Which of the following examples of browning is enzymatic in nature? 1. Browning of sugars as a result of heating 2. Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables 3. Browning of bread during toasting 4. Browning of potato chips
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Cis
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
30. Food additive that could be used to prevent cocoa particles from settling in chocolate milk
Yes
Fat Oxidation
Whole Milk
Carrageenan
31. What is the chemical nomenclature for caffeine?
Pectins
Fructose
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Emulsification
32. What compounds oxidize to form brown color in fruits and vegetables?
Polyphenols
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Chitin
Water
33. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Chitin
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
34. If you take 20 ml of .1 M NaOH to titrate 40 mL of an HCL solution to the penolphthalein end point What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
.05 M HCL
Racemic Mixture
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
35. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with hydrogen exhibits what shade of green?
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Olive Green
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
36. Give one word for a carbon atom involved in hemiacetal or acetal formation.
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Water
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Anomeric
37. What two common compounds are used together as an antioxidative system?
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Water
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
38. In the enzyme Taq Polymerase What does Taq stand for?
Linoleic Acid
Thermus Aqauticus
Oil in Water
Bright green
39. What is the common name for 9 12 - cis-cis-octa dienoic acid?
Water
Troponins and Tropomyosin
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Linoleic Acid
40. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
Orange Juice
Sucrose
41. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Acetoin
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
42. 20 grams of amylose is added to 80 grams of water in a bearker; the boiling point is measured with an ordinary mercury-in-glass thermometer. What is the observed boiling point of the material in the beaker?
.05 M HCL
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Whole Milk
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
43. What two enzymes degrade pectic substances?
Olive Green
Capsaicin
Arachidonic Acid
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
44. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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45. Name two main gluten proteins.
Acetoin
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
14
Gliadins and Glutenins
46. Is a disaccharide
Phenophylin
Phenophylin
Sucrose
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
47. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Daminozide
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
48. What degradative enzyme causes browning in apples - pears - bananas - and peaches?
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Polyphenoloxidase
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
49. What is the fundamental driving of electrophoresis?
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Chitin
50. Name a naturally occurring protein sweetener.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Pheophytin forms
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Thamautin