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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does Acid Degree Value measure and how is it measured?
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
ERH=100 x Aw
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Polyphenol Oxidase
2. Which two amino acids is the aspartame derived from?
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Linoleic Acid
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Phenophylin
3. Peptide bond formation results in the formation of what secondary compound?
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Water
Polyphenols
Polyphenol Oxidase
4. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with hydrogen exhibits what shade of green?
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
RNA transcribed to DNA
Olive Green
5. What are the four basic flavors perceived by the tongue?
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
ERH=100 x Aw
2.5
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
6. What two common compounds are used together as an antioxidative system?
Polyphenol Oxidase
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Racemic Mixture
Speed of Light
7. During freezing What are the two stages in the crystallization process?
Water
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Carmelization and Maillard
8. How does HPLC differ from FPLC?
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Speed of Light
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Lipid oxidation
9. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Cis
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Phenophylin
10. What is surimi?
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Polyphenol Oxidase
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
11. What does the acronym NPN stand for?
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
Non-protein nitrogen
Carmelization and Maillard
Anomeric
12. Name two main gluten proteins.
Capsaicin
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Gliadins and Glutenins
13. Name three factors useful in controlling enzyme activity.
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
Polyphenol Oxidase
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
14. What is the name of the degradation compound of chlorophyll?
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Phenylketonuria
Plasmids
Phenophylin
15. Name 5 proteins with good foaming properties.
Carrageenan
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
16. What does the 'c' stand for in the equation E=mc2?
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Speed of Light
Emulsoids
Linoleic Acid
17. What is the chemical nomenclature for caffeine?
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Capsaicin
Thermus Aqauticus
18. What is the structural difference between chlorophyll and pheophytia?
Speed of Light
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
19. What is the chemical nature of anthocyanins?
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Capsaicin
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
20. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Phenophylin
Pheophytin forms
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
21. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Erythorbic Acid
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Cis
Daminozide
22. What is the chemical nature of anthocyanins?
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Onions ( or leeks)
23. Name 3 factors influencing the consistency of commercial fats.
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Prolamines
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
24. What happens to chlorophyll on heating?
Oil in Water
Phenophylin
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Pheophytin forms
25. Are sorbitol and mannitol sweet?
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Thermus Aqauticus
Yes
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
26. Will lipid oxidation be higher at a water activity of .05 or .5?
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
.05
14
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
27. If the absorption of a sample is being determined spectrophotometrically at 420 nm what color is the sample?
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Polyphenol Oxidase
Yellow
28. What is the winterization process for an oil?
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Fructose
29. What is the name of the degradation compound of chlorophyll?
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Phenophylin
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
30. What are soluble polymers of anhydro-galacturonic acid and its esters called?
RNA transcribed to DNA
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Pectins
Chitin
31. What does the iodine value measure and how is it measured?
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
D: None of the above
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
32. Name 3 physical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Plasmids
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
RNA transcribed to DNA
33. Name the three positively charged amino acids.
45% - 52% - 90%
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
34. How is pH defined?
Phenylketonuria
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
ERH=100 x Aw
RNA transcribed to DNA
35. Q What reaction does the enzyme 'reverse transcriptase' catalyze?
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Osmosis
RNA transcribed to DNA
36. What is acid proteolysis?
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Osmosis
Polyphenols
37. If you take 20 ml of .1 M NaOH to titrate 40 mL of an HCL solution to the penolphthalein end point What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
ERH=100 x Aw
Thickener in foods
.05 M HCL
38. What happens to chlorophyll on heating?
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Pheophytin forms
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
39. Name three factors useful in controlling enzyme activity.
Linoleic Acid
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
40. How many polypeptide chains make up an antibody?
Four
Chitin
Polyphenol Oxidase
Anomeric
41. What does MSG stand for?
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Chitin
Monosodium Glutamate
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
42. Does kosmotrophil ion discourage water structure?
Emulsification
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
No
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
43. Name three nonpolar polar - and charged amino acids.
.05 M HCL
Non-protein nitrogen
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
44. Name 3 factors influencing the rate of lipid oxidation in foods.
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Olive Green
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
45. What two enzymes degrade pectic substances?
Acetoin
2.5
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
46. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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47. What does the iodine value measure and how is it measured?
Anomeric
Oil in Water
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
48. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
Emulsification
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Polyphenols
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
49. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Water
Capsaicin
It explodes
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
50. What is the name given to a mixture of equal parts of Darel Lisomers?
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Racemic Mixture
Daminozide