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Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Non-protein nitrogen
14
Fructose
2. What enzyme causes hyrolytic rancidity in milk?
Lipase
Bright green
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
pH 3-5
3. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Daminozide
Pectin Esterase
Speed of Light
4. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
Capsaicin
Racemic Mixture
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
5. What is the geometric configuration of double bonds in most natural fatty acids?
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Cis
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Polyphenol Oxidase
6. What is the name given to a mixture of equal parts of Darel Lisomers?
Carmelization and Maillard
Racemic Mixture
Two aldehydes
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
7. In genetics What is conjugation?
Phenylketonuria
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
Racemic Mixture
8. Which two amino acids is the aspartame derived from?
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
ERH=100 x Aw
Phenophylin
9. What is the enzyme that softens tomatoes?
Racemic Mixture
Pectin Esterase
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Emulsoids
10. What two types of compounds are joined with an ester bond to make a wax?
Whole Milk
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
11. What is the movement of molecules through a semi permeable membrane from a region of low to high solute concentration called?
Thamautin
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Osmosis
12. S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide is the chemical precursor to the major flavor compounds In what foodstuff?
Thickener in foods
Onions ( or leeks)
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
13. What is acid proteolysis?
45% - 52% - 90%
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Pectin Esterase
Linoleic Acid
14. Waxes are composed of what two basic chemical entities?
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Monosodium Glutamate
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
15. What is the chemical nomenclature for caffeine?
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Orange Juice
Fructose
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
16. What pigment was first designated as anthocyanins?
Whole Milk
RNA transcribed to DNA
Blue pigment in flowers
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
17. Food additive that could be used to prevent cocoa particles from settling in chocolate milk
Fructose
Carrageenan
Lipid oxidation
Olive Green
18. What is the fundamental driving of electrophoresis?
Orange Juice
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Phenophylin
19. Name two reasons why fats are hydrogenated.
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Daminozide
Four
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
20. What is the name of the structural carbohydrate found in lobsters crab - shellfish - and insects?
Onions ( or leeks)
Chitin
Blue pigment in flowers
Water
21. What does HLB stand for and What does a high and low HLB value indicate?
Water
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
22. Name a commonly used household chemical leavening agent and the gas it generates.
Two aldehydes
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
23. What are the four basic flavors perceived by the tongue?
Lipid oxidation
Four
Sucrose
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
24. What kinds of food emulsions are? (1) Butter (2) Mayonnaise(3) Milk
Thamautin
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Anomeric
25. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
Milk
.05
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
26. What pigment was first designated as anthocyanins?
Phenophylin
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Blue pigment in flowers
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
27. In what food is butyric acid typically found?
Milk
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Four
28. What are two common reducing agents that break disulfide bonds in proteins?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Phenophylin
29. What two common compounds are used together as an antioxidative system?
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
30. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Linoleic Acid
Blue pigment in flowers
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
31. What chemical compound is responsible for the 'hot' principle of jalepeno peppers?
Capsaicin
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Whole Milk
32. What are soluble polymers of anhydro-galacturonic acid and its esters called?
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Non-protein nitrogen
Pectins
33. What is the chemical nature of anthocyanins?
Pectin Esterase
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Emulsoids
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
34. What enzyme is most responsible for browning bananas?
Polyphenol Oxidase
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
2.5
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
35. How many carbon atoms and how many double bonds are there in arachidonic acid?
Polyphenoloxidase
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Yellow
36. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Erythorbic Acid
Parabens
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
37. What are 3 mesomorphic structures associated with lipids in the liquid state?
.05
2.5
Non-protein nitrogen
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
38. What are the three main steps in the autooxidation of lipids?
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Bright green
Polyphenols
39. Name the three positively charged amino acids.
Lipid oxidation
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
40. Which of the following examples of browning is enzymatic in nature? 1. Browning of sugars as a result of heating 2. Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables 3. Browning of bread during toasting 4. Browning of potato chips
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
RNA transcribed to DNA
Olive Green
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
41. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
42. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Daminozide
Linoleic Acid
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Carmelization and Maillard
43. What is the common name for 9 12 - cis-cis-octa dienoic acid?
Linoleic Acid
Plasmids
Blue pigment in flowers
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
44. Name three effects of protein denaturation.
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
45. Is a disaccharide
Polyphenol Oxidase
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Sucrose
46. What name is given to the small circular DNA molecules that carry genetic information independently of the main bacterial chromosome?
Orange Juice
pH 3-5
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Plasmids
47. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Water
48. Peptide bond formation results in the formation of what secondary compound?
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Water
Osmosis
Pheophytin forms
49. What are proteins which are soluble in 50-80% ethanol known as?
Prolamines
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
2.5
50. What degradative enzyme causes browning in apples - pears - bananas - and peaches?
Parabens
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Polyphenoloxidase
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.