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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does MSG stand for?
Monosodium Glutamate
Linoleic Acid
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
2. What is the chemical nomenclature for caffeine?
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Daminozide
Water
3. What is the name given to a mixture of equal parts of Darel Lisomers?
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Racemic Mixture
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Carrageenan
4. What is Carboxy-methyl cellulose often used for?
14
Yes
Thickener in foods
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
5. Name 3 factors influencing the rate of lipid oxidation in foods.
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Thamautin
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
6. Name a naturally occurring protein sweetener.
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Thamautin
Erythorbic Acid
Parabens
7. What does the iodine value measure and how is it measured?
Fructose
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Arachidonic Acid
8. How does HPLC differ from FPLC?
45% - 52% - 90%
Sucrose
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Arachidonic Acid
9. What is the name of the structural carbohydrate found in lobsters crab - shellfish - and insects?
Onions ( or leeks)
14
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Chitin
10. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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11. At what pH is benzoic acid most effective?
pH 3-5
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
No
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
12. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Thamautin
It explodes
Fat Oxidation
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
13. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Racemic Mixture
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Monosodium Glutamate
14. If oxygen attacks an unsaturated fatty acids at the double bond What is the resultant product?
Two aldehydes
Thickener in foods
Blue pigment in flowers
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
15. What is the chemical nomenclature for caffeine?
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Two aldehydes
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Bitter
16. At low water activity What is the main deteriorative concern?
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Speed of Light
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Lipid oxidation
17. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Four
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Parabens
18. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
Cis
Orange Juice
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
19. What toxic pigment is found in cottonseed endosperm?
Daminozide
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
Pectins
20. In genetics What is conjugation?
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Polyphenoloxidase
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
21. Give one word for a carbon atom involved in hemiacetal or acetal formation.
Emulsification
Anomeric
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Linoleic Acid
22. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
Daminozide
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Sucrose
23. What enzyme causes hyrolytic rancidity in milk?
Chitin
Polyphenoloxidase
Lipase
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
24. Which will be coldest at its freezing point: 1M dispersion of amylose 1M solution of NaCl - distilled water - or 1M solution of sucrose?
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
25. What is catalase?
Acetoin
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Capsaicin
45% - 52% - 90%
26. Name two reasons why fats are hydrogenated.
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
RNA transcribed to DNA
Erythorbic Acid
Carmelization and Maillard
27. Name two non-enzymatic browning reactions.
45% - 52% - 90%
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Carmelization and Maillard
Anomeric
28. S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide is the chemical precursor to the major flavor compounds In what foodstuff?
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Onions ( or leeks)
Oil in Water
It explodes
29. What is the name given to a mixture of equal parts of Darel Lisomers?
Racemic Mixture
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
ERH=100 x Aw
30. What are proteins which are soluble in 50-80% ethanol known as?
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Lipid oxidation
Prolamines
31. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with hydrogen exhibits what shade of green?
Olive Green
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
32. A) Is the major component of most foods.B) Controls shelf-life or storage capabilityC) Regulates chemical and microbiological reactionsD) All of the above
Anthocyanins
Water
Pectins
Fat Oxidation
33. What would be a safe processing time for heat processing green beans in a boiling water bath? A. 30 minutes B. 300 minutes C. Depends on the size of the food container D. None of the above
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
D: None of the above
Phenylketonuria
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
34. What metabolic end product does the Voges-Proskauer test detect?
D: None of the above
Acetoin
Monosodium Glutamate
.05
35. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
pH 3-5
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
36. An emulsifier with a high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value would promote which type of emulsion: oil in water or water in oil?
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Prolamines
Oil in Water
37. What charge will a protein have when the pH of its solution is below at - and above its pKa?
Fructose
Thermus Aqauticus
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
38. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Yellow
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Orange Juice
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
39. What does the 'c' stand for in the equation E=mc2?
Blue pigment in flowers
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Speed of Light
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
40. How is pH defined?
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
41. Name two non-enzymatic browning reactions.
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
D: None of the above
Carmelization and Maillard
Gliadins and Glutenins
42. What is the name of the degradation compound of chlorophyll?
Phenophylin
Daminozide
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Pectin Esterase
43. Food additive that could be used to prevent cocoa particles from settling in chocolate milk
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Carrageenan
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
44. What are the three stages of oxidative rancidity?
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Racemic Mixture
It explodes
Acetoin
45. What does Acid Degree Value measure and how is it measured?
No
ERH=100 x Aw
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
46. What toxic pigment is found in cottonseed endosperm?
Yes
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
47. Name three effects of protein denaturation.
14
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
Tryptophan
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
48. What is the movement of molecules through a semi permeable membrane from a region of low to high solute concentration called?
Pheophytin forms
RNA transcribed to DNA
Bright green
Osmosis
49. What metabolic disorder prevents conversion of phenulalanine to tyrosine by normal metabolic pathways?
Capsaicin
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Phenylketonuria
Bright green
50. What kinds of food emulsions are? (1) Butter (2) Mayonnaise(3) Milk
Oil in Water
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water