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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How many carbon atoms and how many double bonds are there in arachidonic acid?
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Capsaicin
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
2. What happens to chlorophyll on heating?
Carrageenan
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Pheophytin forms
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
3. What is catalase?
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
4. What are proteins which are soluble in 50-80% ethanol known as?
Speed of Light
Prolamines
Bright green
Arachidonic Acid
5. What is the enzyme that softens tomatoes?
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Daminozide
Pectin Esterase
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
6. How many carbon atoms are there in the fatty acid myristic acid?
14
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Acetoin
Yellow
7. Name a commonly used household chemical leavening agent and the gas it generates.
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Pectins
8. Are sorbitol and mannitol sweet?
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Yes
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
9. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with hydrogen exhibits what shade of green?
Polyphenols
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Olive Green
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
10. What is the winterization process for an oil?
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
D: None of the above
Speed of Light
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
11. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Blue pigment in flowers
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
12. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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13. An emulsifier with a high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value would promote which type of emulsion: oil in water or water in oil?
No
Gliadins and Glutenins
Phenylketonuria
Oil in Water
14. Name 3 physical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
15. What is the geometric configuration of double bonds in most natural fatty acids?
Carmelization and Maillard
Two aldehydes
Cis
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
16. Name three non-nutritive sweeteners approved for use in USA?
Lycopenes
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
17. What is the movement of molecules through a semi permeable membrane from a region of low to high solute concentration called?
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
Emulsoids
Racemic Mixture
Osmosis
18. What metabolic disorder prevents conversion of phenulalanine to tyrosine by normal metabolic pathways?
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Phenylketonuria
Pectins
Whole Milk
19. What toxic pigment is found in cottonseed endosperm?
Pectins
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
20. What kinds of food emulsions are? (1) Butter (2) Mayonnaise(3) Milk
Two aldehydes
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
21. Name 3 factors influencing the consistency of commercial fats.
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Lycopenes
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
22. What are the three main steps in the autooxidation of lipids?
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Yes
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
23. Which two amino acids is the aspartame derived from?
Lipase
Parabens
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
24. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
Fat Oxidation
Prolamines
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
25. Name three nonpolar polar - and charged amino acids.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Carrageenan
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
26. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with hydrogen exhibits what shade of green?
Olive Green
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Two aldehydes
Emulsification
27. What are the fructose contents in commercial HFCS products.
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Daminozide
45% - 52% - 90%
Water
28. What two common compounds are used together as an antioxidative system?
Bitter
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
29. How is pH defined?
Acetoin
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
Gliadins and Glutenins
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
30. What is the name given to a mixture of equal parts of Darel Lisomers?
Racemic Mixture
Water
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
31. In what food is butyric acid typically found?
45% - 52% - 90%
Water
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Milk
32. What enzyme causes hyrolytic rancidity in milk?
Lipase
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
33. What happens to a bottle of wine if before you bottle it you forget to put the stuff in it that prevents it from fermenting?
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
It explodes
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Yes
34. What are soluble polymers of anhydro-galacturonic acid and its esters called?
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Pectins
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Daminozide
35. What are the limiting amino acids in corn - potato - and green peas?
Racemic Mixture
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
36. Name the two components that comprise the relaxing factor in muscle fibers.
Yellow
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
37. What is the common name for 9 12 - cis-cis-octa dienoic acid?
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Thickener in foods
Linoleic Acid
2.5
38. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) what purpose do ammonium persulfates (APS) and TEMED serve?
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Lipid oxidation
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
39. Name one way foam stability can be assessed.
Lipid oxidation
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Bright green
Anomeric
40. What is an isomer that is cheaper than Vitamin C?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Erythorbic Acid
Lycopenes
41. What is catalase?
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Carmelization and Maillard
42. What is the name of the degradation compound of chlorophyll?
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
pH 3-5
Phenophylin
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
43. In what food is butyric acid typically found?
Milk
Chitin
Bright green
Blue pigment in flowers
44. If oxygen attacks an unsaturated fatty acids at the double bond What is the resultant product?
Two aldehydes
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Chitin
Monosodium Glutamate
45. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Polyphenols
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
46. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
47. What name is given to the small circular DNA molecules that carry genetic information independently of the main bacterial chromosome?
Polyphenoloxidase
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Plasmids
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
48. To which of the following four basic tastes are humans most sensitive? A) Bitter B) Sweet C) Sour D) Salty
Bitter
Milk
Phenylketonuria
Cis
49. What does MSG stand for?
Milk
Monosodium Glutamate
Orange Juice
Lipase
50. Name 3 chemical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.