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Food Chemistry
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Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the name of the structural carbohydrate found in lobsters crab - shellfish - and insects?
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Chitin
2.5
Oil in Water
2. What are the fructose contents in commercial HFCS products.
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
45% - 52% - 90%
pH 3-5
Anthocyanins
3. If oxygen attacks an unsaturated fatty acids at the double bond What is the resultant product?
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Two aldehydes
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
4. What is the chemical nomenclature for caffeine?
Phenylketonuria
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
2.5
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
5. What are the three stages of oxidative rancidity?
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
6. What is the enzyme that softens tomatoes?
Emulsification
Carrageenan
Whole Milk
Pectin Esterase
7. What does the saponification value measure and how is it measured?
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Monosodium Glutamate
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
8. Match the number of carbon atoms with the common name of these saturated fatty acids. Carbon #: 4:0 10:0 - 12:0 -14:0 - 16:0 - 18:0Common Name: Myristic - Butyric - Capric - Lauric - Stearic - Palmitic
Polyphenol Oxidase
Daminozide
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
9. At low water activity What is the main deteriorative concern?
Lipid oxidation
Lipase
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
10. If you take 20 ml of .1 M NaOH to titrate 40 mL of an HCL solution to the penolphthalein end point What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
Acetoin
Non-protein nitrogen
pH 3-5
.05 M HCL
11. In the enzyme Taq Polymerase What does Taq stand for?
Thermus Aqauticus
Racemic Mixture
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
12. Q What reaction does the enzyme 'reverse transcriptase' catalyze?
RNA transcribed to DNA
Non-protein nitrogen
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
13. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
pH 3-5
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Whole Milk
Orange Juice
14. Name three effects of protein denaturation.
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
Olive Green
Gliadins and Glutenins
Polyphenol Oxidase
15. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
16. What does Reichert-Meissert Number measure?
Polyphenoloxidase
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Pheophytin forms
14
17. To which of the following four basic tastes are humans most sensitive? A) Bitter B) Sweet C) Sour D) Salty
Erythorbic Acid
Onions ( or leeks)
Anthocyanins
Bitter
18. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Milk
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
19. What are soluble polymers of anhydro-galacturonic acid and its esters called?
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Pectins
20. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
Yellow
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Fat Oxidation
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
21. What happens to chlorophyll on heating?
Pheophytin forms
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
22. Waxes are composed of what two basic chemical entities?
Milk
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
23. In the enzyme Taq Polymerase What does Taq stand for?
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Water
Thermus Aqauticus
24. Which will be coldest at its freezing point: 1M dispersion of amylose 1M solution of NaCl - distilled water - or 1M solution of sucrose?
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
25. If you take 20 ml of .1 M NaOH to titrate 40 mL of an HCL solution to the penolphthalein end point What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
.05 M HCL
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Cis
26. If the absorption of a sample is being determined spectrophotometrically at 420 nm what color is the sample?
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Yellow
Thermus Aqauticus
ERH=100 x Aw
27. What two common compounds are used together as an antioxidative system?
Polyphenol Oxidase
Whole Milk
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
28. What pigment was first designated as anthocyanins?
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Blue pigment in flowers
29. What happens to a bottle of wine if before you bottle it you forget to put the stuff in it that prevents it from fermenting?
It explodes
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Acetoin
Anomeric
30. What is an isomer that is cheaper than Vitamin C?
Yellow
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Parabens
Erythorbic Acid
31. What name is given to the small circular DNA molecules that carry genetic information independently of the main bacterial chromosome?
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Yes
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Plasmids
32. What is an isomer that is cheaper than Vitamin C?
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
Erythorbic Acid
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
33. Peptide bond formation results in the formation of what secondary compound?
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Milk
Water
34. What kinds of food emulsions are? (1) Butter (2) Mayonnaise(3) Milk
Tryptophan
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
35. How many polypeptide chains make up an antibody?
Four
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Non-protein nitrogen
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
36. What is Ohm's Law and What is Power Equation?
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
37. How can a molecular weight of protein - DNA - and RNA be determined?
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Yellow
38. What does the acronym NPN stand for?
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Non-protein nitrogen
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
45% - 52% - 90%
39. What is the protein efficiency ratio (PER) of casein?
2.5
Orange Juice
Water
Whole Milk
40. At what pH is benzoic acid most effective?
Parabens
pH 3-5
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Emulsoids
41. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Non-protein nitrogen
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
42. What is the enzyme responsible for browning in apples and lettuce?
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Polyphenol Oxidase
43. Is a disaccharide
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Sucrose
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Olive Green
44. Name the three positively charged amino acids.
Acetoin
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Tryptophan
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
45. Which will be coldest at its freezing point: 1M dispersion of amylose 1M solution of NaCl - distilled water - or 1M solution of sucrose?
Lipase
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
Phenophylin
D: None of the above
46. Name the two components that comprise the relaxing factor in muscle fibers.
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Bright green
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
47. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
Lipase
Orange Juice
Chitin
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
48. During freezing What are the two stages in the crystallization process?
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Monosodium Glutamate
Yellow
49. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Chitin
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Parabens
50. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
Pectin Esterase
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
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