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Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Name three nonpolar polar - and charged amino acids.
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Fat Oxidation
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
2. Q What reaction does the enzyme 'reverse transcriptase' catalyze?
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
RNA transcribed to DNA
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Daminozide
3. Name three nonpolar polar - and charged amino acids.
Fat Oxidation
2.5
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
4. What ketohexose is most significant to food chemists?
Fructose
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Racemic Mixture
Carrageenan
5. What is Ohm's Law and What is Power Equation?
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
6. What does MSG stand for?
Monosodium Glutamate
Phenylketonuria
Prolamines
45% - 52% - 90%
7. How do sodium chloride and sucrose affect foam stability?
Daminozide
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Speed of Light
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
8. Name 3 physical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Bright green
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
9. What does the acronym NPN stand for?
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Non-protein nitrogen
Four
2.5
10. What degradative enzyme causes browning in apples - pears - bananas - and peaches?
Milk
Pectins
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Polyphenoloxidase
11. What are 3 mesomorphic structures associated with lipids in the liquid state?
Pheophytin forms
2.5
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Four
12. Which of the following examples of browning is enzymatic in nature? 1. Browning of sugars as a result of heating 2. Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables 3. Browning of bread during toasting 4. Browning of potato chips
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Emulsification
13. What two types of compounds are joined with an ester bond to make a wax?
Anomeric
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
14. Name three compounds capable of poisoning the catalyst during commercial hydrogenation.
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Chlocophyllide does not have a phytoltail
2.5
It explodes
15. Food additive that could be used to prevent cocoa particles from settling in chocolate milk
Bright green
Bright green
Capsaicin
Carrageenan
16. What does MSG stand for?
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Four
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Monosodium Glutamate
17. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Daminozide
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
No
18. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
14
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Anthocyanins
19. Name three non-nutritive sweeteners approved for use in USA?
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Prolamines
Acetoin
20. Which of the following examples of browning is enzymatic in nature? 1. Browning of sugars as a result of heating 2. Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables 3. Browning of bread during toasting 4. Browning of potato chips
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Gliadins and Glutenins
Carmelization and Maillard
21. In what food is butyric acid typically found?
Milk
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
22. What chemical compound is responsible for the 'hot' principle of jalepeno peppers?
Water
Capsaicin
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Troponins and Tropomyosin
23. Name the most common functional property of phospholipids in food systems.
Racemic Mixture
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Emulsification
Orange Juice
24. A) Is the major component of most foods.B) Controls shelf-life or storage capabilityC) Regulates chemical and microbiological reactionsD) All of the above
Emulsoids
Water
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
25. What does the saponification value measure and how is it measured?
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
26. What toxic pigment is found in cottonseed endosperm?
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
Cis
Lycopenes
27. What is the winterization process for an oil?
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Pheophytin forms
Whole Milk
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
28. What are the three main steps in the autooxidation of lipids?
Yellow
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Two aldehydes
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
29. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Fat Oxidation
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Capsaicin
30. Name two non-enzymatic browning reactions.
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Polyphenols
Carmelization and Maillard
Sucrose
31. What metabolic end product does the Voges-Proskauer test detect?
Yellow
Acetoin
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
32. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
33. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Polyphenols
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Daminozide
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
34. What is Carboxy-methyl cellulose often used for?
Thickener in foods
Carmelization and Maillard
Oil in Water
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
35. How does ERH relate to water activity?
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
ERH=100 x Aw
Phenophylin
36. Name a commonly used household chemical leavening agent and the gas it generates.
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
37. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Gliadins and Glutenins
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
38. How many polypeptide chains make up an antibody?
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Chitin
Four
39. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with hydrogen exhibits what shade of green?
Olive Green
Water
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
40. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
Bright green
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Parabens
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
41. What is the major color compound in tomatoes?
Chitin
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Lycopenes
42. What enzyme causes hyrolytic rancidity in milk?
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Lipase
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Lycopenes
43. What does the iodine value measure and how is it measured?
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
44. 20 grams of amylose is added to 80 grams of water in a bearker; the boiling point is measured with an ordinary mercury-in-glass thermometer. What is the observed boiling point of the material in the beaker?
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Cis
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
45. What is Ohm's Law and What is Power Equation?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Polyphenoloxidase
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
46. How can a molecular weight of protein - DNA - and RNA be determined?
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Anthocyanins
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
47. If you take 20 ml of .1 M NaOH to titrate 40 mL of an HCL solution to the penolphthalein end point What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
Polyphenols
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
.05 M HCL
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
48. Contains the lowest content of water
Whole Milk
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
49. What is the main class of color compounds found in raspberries?
Anthocyanins
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
50. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
Whole Milk
Emulsoids
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
20 carbons and 4 double bonds