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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What happens to chlorophyll on heating?
Pheophytin forms
Polyphenols
Lipid oxidation
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
2. What enzyme is most responsible for browning bananas?
Whole Milk
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Polyphenol Oxidase
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
3. What chemical compound is responsible for the 'hot' principle of jalepeno peppers?
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Capsaicin
Speed of Light
Emulsification
4. Name two main gluten proteins.
Lycopenes
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Gliadins and Glutenins
Oil in Water
5. What is Ohm's Law and What is Power Equation?
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
ERH=100 x Aw
Daminozide
6. What pigment was first designated as anthocyanins?
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Daminozide
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Blue pigment in flowers
7. What are the four basic flavors perceived by the tongue?
pH 3-5
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
RNA transcribed to DNA
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
8. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
Water
Orange Juice
Lipase
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
9. What are colloids that are stabilized by a layer of solvation called?
Emulsoids
Osmosis
Bright green
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
10. Match the number of carbon atoms with the common name of these saturated fatty acids. Carbon #: 4:0 10:0 - 12:0 -14:0 - 16:0 - 18:0Common Name: Myristic - Butyric - Capric - Lauric - Stearic - Palmitic
Onions ( or leeks)
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
The degree of liquid drainage or foam collapse (foam reduction) after a given time - the time for total or half-drainage (or half-reduction in volume) - or the time before drainage starts.
11. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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12. What is the structural difference between chlorophyll and pheophytia?
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Chitin
13. In genetics What is conjugation?
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
Lipase
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
14. S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide is the chemical precursor to the major flavor compounds In what foodstuff?
Lipid oxidation
Onions ( or leeks)
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
15. What does MSG stand for?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Monosodium Glutamate
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Non-protein nitrogen
16. How can a molecular weight of protein - DNA - and RNA be determined?
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
D: None of the above
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
17. What is surimi?
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Bitter
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Parabens
18. What compounds oxidize to form brown color in fruits and vegetables?
Plasmids
Polyphenols
Yellow
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
19. What are the primary secondary - tertiary - and quaternary structures?
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Bitter
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
20. In what food is butyric acid typically found?
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
45% - 52% - 90%
Milk
21. Name 3 factors influencing the rate of lipid oxidation in foods.
Thickener in foods
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Blue pigment in flowers
Lipase
22. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Yes
Capsaicin
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Carmelization and Maillard
23. Define molarity molality - and normality.
Speed of Light
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
24. What does the 'c' stand for in the equation E=mc2?
Anthocyanins
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Speed of Light
Plasmids
25. What does Acid Degree Value measure and how is it measured?
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
Glycosides of anthocyanidins
Phenophylin
26. What two enzymes degrade pectic substances?
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Pheophytin forms
27. An emulsifier with a high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value would promote which type of emulsion: oil in water or water in oil?
Emulsoids
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Oil in Water
Yes
28. To which of the following four basic tastes are humans most sensitive? A) Bitter B) Sweet C) Sour D) Salty
Polyphenols
Emulsoids
Anthocyanins
Bitter
29. What are the three main steps in the autooxidation of lipids?
Plasmids
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
.05
30. Waxes are composed of what two basic chemical entities?
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
Polyphenols
Milk
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
31. Name the three positively charged amino acids.
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
Milk
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
32. What does the iodine value measure and how is it measured?
Pheophytin forms
Emulsoids
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
The amount of unsaturated bonds in fat; grams Iodine reacting with 100 grams fat.
33. Which will be coldest at its freezing point: 1M dispersion of amylose 1M solution of NaCl - distilled water - or 1M solution of sucrose?
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Milk
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
34. Name 3 chemical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Milk
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
35. Which of the following examples of browning is enzymatic in nature? 1. Browning of sugars as a result of heating 2. Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables 3. Browning of bread during toasting 4. Browning of potato chips
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
36. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
Pectins
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
.05
37. Name 3 chemical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
Onions ( or leeks)
38. What is the winterization process for an oil?
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Lipid oxidation
39. During freezing What are the two stages in the crystallization process?
Arachidonic Acid
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Nucleation or crystal formation and crystal growth.
Polyphenol Oxidase
40. What is an isomer that is cheaper than Vitamin C?
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Erythorbic Acid
Acetoin
Capsaicin
41. What chemical compound is responsible for the 'hot' principle of jalepeno peppers?
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
Polyphenol Oxidase
Capsaicin
42. What is the enzyme responsible for browning in apples and lettuce?
Troponins and Tropomyosin
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Acetoin
Polyphenol Oxidase
43. What ketohexose is most significant to food chemists?
Osmosis
Fructose
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Prolamines
44. What is the movement of molecules through a semi permeable membrane from a region of low to high solute concentration called?
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Orange Juice
Osmosis
45. What is the winterization process for an oil?
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Lipid oxidation
46. Name 3 physical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Lipid oxidation
Prolamines
Erythorbic Acid
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
47. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Non-protein nitrogen
Acetoin
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
pH 3-5
48. If you take 20 ml of .1 M NaOH to titrate 40 mL of an HCL solution to the penolphthalein end point What is the molarity of the HCL solution?
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
.05 M HCL
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
49. What does the saponification value measure and how is it measured?
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Polyphenols
Pectin methylesterase & polygalacturonase
50. Name two non-enzymatic browning reactions.
Carmelization and Maillard
No
Arachidonic Acid
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.