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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Name three non-nutritive sweeteners approved for use in USA?
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
Polyphenols
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
Bright green
2. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
Parabens
Blue pigment in flowers
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
3. What is the protein efficiency ratio (PER) of casein?
Carrageenan
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
2.5
4. Name 3 factors influencing the consistency of commercial fats.
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Cis
5. What does MSG stand for?
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Racemic Mixture
Monosodium Glutamate
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
6. Name 3 factors influencing the rate of lipid oxidation in foods.
Oil in Water
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Two aldehydes
Four
7. What is Ohm's Law and What is Power Equation?
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Anthocyanins
Acetoin
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
8. What are 3 mesomorphic structures associated with lipids in the liquid state?
Monosodium Glutamate
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Polyphenol Oxidase
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
9. Name two non-enzymatic browning reactions.
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Carmelization and Maillard
Chitin
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
10. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Fructose
Orange Juice
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Daminozide
11. What are the limiting amino acids in corn - potato - and green peas?
Lycopenes
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Polyphenol Oxidase
Oil in Water
12. What is the name of the structural carbohydrate found in lobsters crab - shellfish - and insects?
Chitin
Lipid oxidation
Two aldehydes
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
13. What is the enzyme responsible for browning in apples and lettuce?
Sucrose
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
2.5
Polyphenol Oxidase
14. What chemical compound is responsible for the 'hot' principle of jalepeno peppers?
Capsaicin
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
Carrageenan
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
15. Are sorbitol and mannitol sweet?
D: None of the above
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
Yes
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
16. Name the most common functional property of phospholipids in food systems.
Fat Oxidation
Prolamines
Capsaicin
Emulsification
17. What is the Peroxide Value a measure of?
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Fructose
Fat Oxidation
RNA transcribed to DNA
18. Name 2 heat stable enzymes in food that are important to the quality of aseptic products.
Bitter
Phenylketonuria
RNA transcribed to DNA
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
19. In what food is butyric acid typically found?
Chitin
Yes
Milk
Polyphenoloxidase
20. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Orange Juice
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
21. What does the 'c' stand for in the equation E=mc2?
Speed of Light
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance); a low value (3-6) promotes water in oil emulsions and a high value (8-18) promotes oil in water emulsions.
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
22. What metabolic disorder prevents conversion of phenulalanine to tyrosine by normal metabolic pathways?
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Phenylketonuria
23. What does Acid Degree Value measure and how is it measured?
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Speed of Light
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
Prolamines
24. What are two common reducing agents that break disulfide bonds in proteins?
Blue pigment in flowers
Daminozide
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
25. Name 3 physical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Daminozide
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
26. What is an isomer that is cheaper than Vitamin C?
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Erythorbic Acid
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
27. What are colloids that are stabilized by a layer of solvation called?
Polyphenoloxidase
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Emulsoids
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
28. How do sodium chloride and sucrose affect foam stability?
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Polyphenoloxidase
V=IR and P=VI or I x I x are
Sodium chloride reduces foam stability and sucrose improves foam stability.
29. What pigment was first designated as anthocyanins?
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
Blue pigment in flowers
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
30. What are the primary secondary - tertiary - and quaternary structures?
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Arachidonic Acid
2.5
Phenophylin
31. What pigment was first designated as anthocyanins?
D: None of the above
pH 3-5
Blue pigment in flowers
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
32. What metabolic disorder prevents conversion of phenulalanine to tyrosine by normal metabolic pathways?
Phenylketonuria
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
HPLC has higher pressure than FPLC
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
33. Name two enzymes that are involved in softening fruits.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
Pectin Esterase - Polygalacturonase - Pectin Layase
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
34. Name the strongest biochemical bond and the weakest biochemical bond.
Cis
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
35. What ketohexose is most significant to food chemists?
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
Arachidonic Acid
Fructose
Bitter
36. How many carbon atoms are there in the fatty acid myristic acid?
Nonpolar: (Valine - Alanine - Leucine - Isoleucine - Proline)Polar: (Glycine - Serine - Cystein - Threonine - Tyrosine)Charged: (Lysine - Arginine - Histidine - Aspartic Acid - Glutamic Acid)
Non-protein nitrogen
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
14
37. Name two non-enzymatic browning reactions.
Carmelization and Maillard
Two aldehydes
Polyphenol Oxidase
Thermus Aqauticus
38. What is the name of the degradation compound of chlorophyll?
Phenophylin
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Acetoin
ERH=100 x Aw
39. What two types of compounds are joined with an ester bond to make a wax?
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Polyphenol Oxidase
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
40. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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183
41. At what pH is benzoic acid most effective?
.05
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
pH 3-5
Arachidonic Acid
42. What are soluble polymers of anhydro-galacturonic acid and its esters called?
Pectins
Carmelization and Maillard
Lipase
Water
43. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
Pectins
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Microorganisms are very versatile - MO's can be altered by mutations or genetic engineering to produce a greater quantity of enzyme or different enzymes - recovery of enzymes is often easy - readily available - high rate of growth and enzyme producti
44. Which two amino acids is the aspartame derived from?
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
Carmelization and Maillard
.05
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
45. What enzyme causes hyrolytic rancidity in milk?
Emulsoids
Erythorbic Acid
Thermus Aqauticus
Lipase
46. In the enzyme Taq Polymerase What does Taq stand for?
Blue pigment in flowers
Thermus Aqauticus
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Tryptophan
47. What happens to a bottle of wine if before you bottle it you forget to put the stuff in it that prevents it from fermenting?
It explodes
Phospholipids - water - sulfur compounds - soaps - partial glycerol esters - carbon dioxide - and mineral acids.
Water
D: None of the above
48. What does Reichert-Meissert Number measure?
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
Thermus Aqauticus
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Sucrose
49. Peptide bond formation results in the formation of what secondary compound?
Thamautin
Water
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Anomeric
50. Name the two components that comprise the relaxing factor in muscle fibers.
Oil in Water
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Bright green