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Test your basic knowledge |
Food Chemistry
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
engineering
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. At what pH is benzoic acid most effective?
pH 3-5
Polyphenols
Covalent (strongest) and Hydrophobic (Weakest)
Whole Milk
2. What effect would the addition of sodium bicarbonate have to chocolate?
The speed of a molecule is proportional to the surrounding voltage gradient.
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Bright green
3. What is catalase?
Water
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
Polyphenoloxidase
4. Name 3 factors influencing the consistency of commercial fats.
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Cis
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
5. What is the enzyme that softens tomatoes?
Oil in Water
Pectin Esterase
Thickener in foods
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
6. Name 3 physical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
Linoleic Acid
Daminozide
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
7. Name a naturally occurring protein sweetener.
Fat Oxidation
Capsaicin
Thamautin
They act as catalysts - speeding the polymerization of acrylamide.
8. Name three non-nutritive sweeteners approved for use in USA?
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
Plasmids
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Acsulfame-K - Saccharin - Cyclamate - Aspartame
9. Define molarity molality - and normality.
Pectins
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) - dithiothreitol (DDT)
10. What name is given to the small circular DNA molecules that carry genetic information independently of the main bacterial chromosome?
Plasmids
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Yellow
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
11. How many carbon atoms and how many double bonds are there in arachidonic acid?
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Thickener in foods
20 carbons and 4 double bonds
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
12. Name 3 chemical agents capable of denaturing proteins.
pH 3-5
Blue pigment in flowers
Orange Juice
Acids - Alkalis - Metals - Organic Solvents - and Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents
13. A chlorophyll molecule reacting with magnesium exhibits what shade of green?
It explodes
Phenophylin
1 - 3 - 7-trimethylxanthine
Bright green
14. What kinds of food emulsions are? (1) Butter (2) Mayonnaise(3) Milk
Pectin methyl esterase or galacturonase
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
Olive Green
15. Name the two components that comprise the relaxing factor in muscle fibers.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Sweet - Salty - Sour - and Bitter
Polyphenoloxidase
16. What does the saponification value measure and how is it measured?
Speed of Light
Daminozide
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
17. Define molarity molality - and normality.
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
Molarity is moles of substance per liter solution. Molality is moles of substance per kg solvent. Normality is equivalents of substance per liter solution.
18. What does Acid Degree Value measure and how is it measured?
Amount of free fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of fat.
45% - 52% - 90%
Four
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
19. What enzyme is most responsible for browning bananas?
Gossypol (it is removed during the oil refining process)
Polyphenol Oxidase
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Fatty Acid (Ester linked) to Fatty Alcohol
20. What are proteins which are soluble in 50-80% ethanol known as?
Non-protein nitrogen
Temperature - Water Content and Activity - Extremes of pH - Chemicals - Alterations of Substrates - Alterations of Products - Preprocessing Controls
Prolamines
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
21. Contains the lowest content of water
Whole Milk
.05
D: None of the above
Speed of Light
22. What is the name of the degradation compound of chlorophyll?
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
Troponins and Tropomyosin
Phenophylin
Butter= water in oil Mayonnaise= oil in water Milk= oil in water
23. What chemical compound is responsible for the 'hot' principle of jalepeno peppers?
Racemic Mixture
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Capsaicin
24. Name 5 chelating agents used in the food industry.
Yes
Yellow
.05 M HCL
EDTA - citric acid - malic acid - tartaric acid - oxalic acid - succinic acid - adenosine triphosphate - pyrophosphate - porphyrins - and proteins.
25. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
Thermus Aqauticus
Osmosis
Whole Milk
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
26. What are the only phenols approved for use in the microbiological preservation of foods?
100 Degrees Celsius (it is not a true solution-there is no boiling point of elevation)
Parabens
No
Cooling the oil and filtering of the solids formed so that long chained saturated fats do not crystallize at low temperatures.
27. What is the name given to a mixture of equal parts of Darel Lisomers?
Anthocyanins
14
Arachidonic Acid
Racemic Mixture
28. In genetics What is conjugation?
Daminozide
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Aspartic Acid and Phenylalanine
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
29. How is pH defined?
Negative log of the hydrogen concentration (mol/l).
Polyphenol Oxidase
Degradation of protein and production of acid from sugar at the same time.
Yes
30. Which will be coldest at its freezing point: 1M dispersion of amylose 1M solution of NaCl - distilled water - or 1M solution of sucrose?
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
Gliadins and Glutenins
14
31. What are 3 mesomorphic structures associated with lipids in the liquid state?
Corn- Lysine - Potato-Methionine - Green Peas-Methionine
.05
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
32. Name the three positively charged amino acids.
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.
Anthocyanins
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Lysine - Arginine - and Histidine
33. What degradative enzyme causes browning in apples - pears - bananas - and peaches?
Polyphenoloxidase
Chitin
Oil in Water
Fructose
34. When heated ammonium bicarbonate decomposes to form what end products?
Ammonia - Water - Carbon Dioxide
DNA transferred by cell to cell contact (bacterial sex).
Gliadins and Glutenins
A concentrate of microfibrillar proteins of fish muscle.
35. Name a commonly used household chemical leavening agent and the gas it generates.
Osmosis
Sodium bicarbonate generates CO2
Fatty acid composition - free fatty acids versus the corresponding glycerols - oxygen concentration - temperature - surface area - moisture - pro-oxidants - antioxidants
It explodes
36. Which of these foods is not appropriate to this list? A) Salami B) Yogurt C) Orange Juice D) Beer
Pheophytia does not have magnesium in porphyrin ring.
Orange Juice
Lycopenes
D: None of the above
37. Alar is the trade name for what chemical compound?
Lipase - lipoxygenase - catalase - chlorophylase - peroxidase - pectinase - protease - ascorbic acid oxidase - alkaline phosphotase.
Daminozide
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
Non-protein nitrogen
38. What is catalase?
4:0 (Butyric) - 10:0 (Capric) - 12:0 (Lauric) - 14:0 (Myristic) - 16:0 (Palmitic) - 18:0 (Stearic)
An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water plus oxygen.
pH below positive charge; pH at no charge; pH above negative charge
Daminozide
39. What two types of compounds are joined with an ester bond to make a wax?
Fructose
Lycopenes
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
Fatty Acid and Alcohol
40. Name two reasons why fats are hydrogenated.
Lipase
Carrageenan
Non-protein nitrogen
It allows the conversion of liquid oils into semisolid or plastic fats and it improves the oxidative stability of the fat.
41. How many carbon atoms are there in the fatty acid myristic acid?
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
Browning of freshly cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
Phenylketonuria
14
42. What is an isomer that is cheaper than Vitamin C?
Erythorbic Acid
Polyphenol Oxidase
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
Primary butyric acid also caproic acid.
43. Name three effects of protein denaturation.
Fructose
Proportion of solids in the fat - number - size - and kinds of crystals - viscosity of the liquid - temperature treatment - and mechanical working.
.05 M HCL
Decreased solubility - altered water-binding capacity - loss of biological activity - increased susceptibility to attack by proteases - increased intrinsic viscosity - inability to crystallize.
44. What does the 'c' stand for in the equation E=mc2?
Speed of Light
Initiation - Propagation - and Termination
Heat - Cold Mechanical Treatments - Hyrdostatic Pressure - Irradiation - and Interfaces
Initiation - Propagation - Termination
45. Give one word for a carbon atom involved in hemiacetal or acetal formation.
Primary-amino acid sequence. Secondary-alpha-helix - beta sheet. Tertiary-one complete protein chain with cross bonds linking it together. Quaternary-four separate protein chains assembled as one.
Troponins and Tropomyosin
No
Anomeric
46. What are 3 mesomorphic structures associated with lipids in the liquid state?
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Bright green
Lamellar; Hexagonal I - II; Cubic
NaCl (it dissociated to a 2M solution)
47. How many carbon atoms are there in the fatty acid myristic acid?
Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid
14
Lipid oxidation
Solid phases of the same chemical composition that differ by crystalline structure - but yield identical liquid phases upon melting.
48. Name 3 reasons it is advantageous to obtain enzymes from microorganisms.
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183
49. Peptide bond formation results in the formation of what secondary compound?
.05 M HCL
Smoother - less acid and less bitter chocolate flavor - darker color - and improved solubility (elevated pH enhances sugar-amino browning reactions and polymerization of flavonoids).
pH 3-5
Water
50. Name 4 advantages of using enzymes in food processing.
For proteins: SDA-PAGE. For DNA & RNA: Agarose gel.
Egg white proteins - the globin part of hemoglobin - bovine serum albumin - gelatin - whey proteins - casein micelles - B-casein - wheat proteins - soy proteins - and some protein hydrolyzates.
They are natural - nontoxic substances - generally catalyze without unwanted side-effects - active under very mild conditions of temperature and pH - active at low concentrations - rate of reaction can be controlled - can be inactivated after reactio
Number of fatty acids present; mg KOH needed to saponify 1 g fat.