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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
surplus & deficiency
concrete - iron
40 -45 years
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
2. Name three components that are higher in the press run than the free run.
pigments - tannins - acidity
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
3. What is the depth of toasting when it is a heavy toast?
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4. What are the names of the main barrel shapes?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
Leuconostoc-oenus
up to 24 hours
5. Since the fermentation of white wine is done without skins - what two methods are employed to prepare the white grape must for fermentation?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
6. What are 3 methods to control temperature in wine making?
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
color - tannin and body
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
7. What negative flavors can be found in wines that weren't sufficiently de-stemmed?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
tartaric
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
Hard-veggie or green flavor
8. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
30 -40 years
cloudiness & settling of particles
60% free run; 65% press run
chaptalization
9. What type of climate zone produces grapes that are high in acid?
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
cool regions
clears juice from its lees
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
10. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
10 - 14 degrees C
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
damage to berries is minimal
surface of interior walls
11. What media conditions control yeast growth?
contributes to bouquet
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
beginning of fermentation
12. What chemical structure is responsible for the "dry" feeling - or astringency of red wine?
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
surface of interior walls
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
13. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
2mm inside wood's surface
14. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
Air conditioning
chaptalization
clarify and aerate
< 50 degrees F
15. What are three types of toasting?
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
Light - medium and heavy
60% free run; 65% press run
Chateau and Export
16. What are the extracted compounds from oak?
high
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
non-flavonoid phenols
at least a month before harvest
17. Define lees.
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
Separate stems from must
85 - 90%
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
18. The acidic (sour) taste in wine is most dependent on which acidity paramater?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
9 - 10 years
Total acidity
19. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
up to 24 hours
surface of interior walls
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
damage to berries is minimal
20. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
at least a month before harvest
21. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
Separate stems from must
surface of interior walls
Muscat
color - tannin and body
22. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
'green' - 'leafy'
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
10 - 13%
23. What is the oak used in cork production?
Leuconostoc-oenus
up to 24 hours
tannins
quercus suber
24. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
no time in loading & discharging
Total acidity
Acetic acid
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
25. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
Pressing whole cluster
26. If the Brix measurement is 24B and the desnsity is 1.12 - what is the % of alcohol if the wine is fermented completely?
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
saccharomyces bayamus
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
Light - medium and heavy
27. Fermented free run is what % of the total wine volume?
clears juice from its lees
85 - 90%
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
10 - 14 degrees C
28. SO2 is added to barrel maintenance in order to protect it against what two agents?
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
cloudiness & settling of particles
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
29. High acid concentrations in fruit are usually caused by what common occurrence?
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
85 - 90%
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
30. What is the normal starting temperature for red wine must to start fermentation?
Total acidity
85 - 90%
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
clears juice from its lees
31. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
75 - 85%
10 - 13%
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
3
32. In what grape is some skin contact almost always used during white wine making?
Chardonnay
9
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
33. Pumping-over or pushing down the cap is used to extract what from the skins in red wine making?
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
color - tannin and body
color & tannin extraction
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
34. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "long contact" occurs?
inhibits
up to 24 hours
Chardonnay
drying grapes - noble rot
35. For how many years can compounds be extracted from a barrel?
7 - 10 years
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
30 -40 years
36. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
clarify and aerate
37. What grapes are commonly used in a Bordeaux bottle?
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
38. What is the purpose of de-stemming?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Separate stems from must
surface of interior walls
39. What are the objectives of fining?
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
Free run
surface of interior walls
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
40. What is the minimum temp for MLF to occur?
chaptalization
Glucose and Fructose
17 - 20 degrees C
Acetic acid
41. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
quercus suber
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
42. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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43. What are the major techniques used for acid correction when it is deficient?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Citric
44. What acid should not be used to correct acid deficiencies if a MLF is planned?
tartaric - malic - citric
Air conditioning
color - tannin and body
Citric
45. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
Light - medium and heavy
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
cinnamic acid
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
46. What by-products of fermentation - in addition to alcohol - have a major impact on a wines flavor and quality?
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
10 - 13%
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
color - tannin and body
47. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?
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48. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
49. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
no time in loading & discharging
Glucose and Fructose
Tartaric and Malic
quercus suber
50. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
60% free run; 65% press run
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
chaptalization
7 - 10 years