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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
Citric
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
Light - medium and heavy
2. What is the purpose of a lees filter?
Carbonic maceration
clears juice from its lees
cinnamic acid
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
3. What is the best method to reduce the acidity of must?
72 - 82 degrees F
batch & continuous
blending
Hard-veggie or green flavor
4. What fractions of grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making white wine?
60% free run; 70% press run
9
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
5. Theoretically - how many degrees can a fermentation rise during fermentation?
Free run
17 - 20 degrees C
30 degrees C
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
6. What are the extracted compounds from oak?
1 - 4 hours
Citric
10 - 14 degrees C
non-flavonoid phenols
7. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
batch & continuous
cloudiness & settling of particles
60% free run; 65% press run
total acidity & ph
8. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
9. Phenolic extraction is greatest at low or high must temperatures?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
high
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
20% - 40%
10. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
72 - 82 degrees F
Traditional and Export
pectins
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
11. What is the desirable bacteria genus for starting MLF in wine?
tartaric
Leuconostoc-oenus
oxidation
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
12. What is the purpose of the crush?
Break skins to allow release of juice
clarify and aerate
quercus suber
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
13. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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14. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
saccharomyces bayamus
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
15. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
< 50 degrees F
quercus suber
Leuconostoc-oenus
75 - 85%
16. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
Chardonnay
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
total acidity & ph
17. What are the two keys stages of berry development?
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
Fruit set - Verasion
oxidation
18. What media conditions control yeast growth?
Citric
Air conditioning
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
19. Blending is a term used to describe a variety of different processes. What are four different ways a wine can be blended?
Portugal and Spain
chaptalization
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
up to 24 hours
20. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
contributes to bouquet
Total acidity
tannins
21. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
pectins
Lactic
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
cool regions
22. Pumping-over or pushing down the cap is used to extract what from the skins in red wine making?
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
damage to berries is minimal
20% - 40%
color & tannin extraction
23. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Separate stems from must
'green' - 'leafy'
color - tannin and body
24. What is the depth of toasting when it is a heavy toast?
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25. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
no time in loading & discharging
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
20% - 40%
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
26. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
Chateau and Export
1 - 4 hours
27. What are the primary disadvantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
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28. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
pigment
Glucose and Fructose
Portugal and Spain
29. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging above 60% RH?
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
clears juice from its lees
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
30. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
Carbonic maceration
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Total acidity
31. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
Carbonic maceration
30 degrees C
30 -40 years
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
32. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
batch & continuous
total acidity & ph
Lactic
33. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
40 -45 years
1 - 4 hours
Tartaric and Malic
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
34. What is thermo-vinification?
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
35. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
pectins
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
chaptalization
36. Below what temperature F should white wine must be kept to avoid the absorption of oxygen?
< 50 degrees F
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
Citric
37. What occurs during racking?
clarify and aerate
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
Hard-veggie or green flavor
38. What yeast will remain active at high alcohol levels?
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
saccharomyces bayamus
pigments - tannins - acidity
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
39. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
17 - 20 degrees C
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
40. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "long contact" occurs?
tannins
surplus & deficiency
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
up to 24 hours
41. What acid usually is detected in the evolution or finish of a wine that has a slightly bitter taste and aids in swallowing food?
10 - 14 degrees C
drying grapes - noble rot
no time in loading & discharging
Lactic
42. Maximum color and tannin extraction will typically occur in how many days during the fermentation of red wine?
cinnamic acid
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
7 - 10 years
9
43. Define lees.
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
44. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
'green' - 'leafy'
45. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
Tartaric and Malic
46. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
acid adjustment
concrete - iron
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
Leuconostoc-oenus
47. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
60% free run; 70% press run
Fruit set - Verasion
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
Free run
48. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
beginning of fermentation
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
saccharomyces
49. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
20% - 40%
10 - 14 degrees C
contributes to bouquet
Free run
50. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
Acetic acid
surface of interior walls
pigments - tannins - acidity
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems