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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
85 - 90%
color - tannin and body
Chardonnay
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
2. What are common techniques to reduce the acidity of must?
Leuconostoc-oenus
20% - 40%
Pressing whole cluster
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
3. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
Free run
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Light - medium and heavy
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
4. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
3
Citric
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
5. After the first harvest - how often can the bark be stripped from the oak trees?
Tartaric and Malic
Air conditioning
Total acidity
9 - 10 years
6. What are the names of the main barrel shapes?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
20% - 40%
7. What media conditions control yeast growth?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Break skins to allow release of juice
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
8. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
10 - 14 degrees C
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
17 - 20 degrees C
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
9. What term is used to describe the absorption of oxygen that is common in white wine making?
20% - 40%
Light - medium and heavy
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
oxidation
10. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
concrete - iron
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
11. What are the two major categories into which wine presses are grouped?
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
9
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
batch & continuous
12. Pumping-over or pushing down the cap is used to extract what from the skins in red wine making?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
color & tannin extraction
Lactic
breaks skin's tissue
13. Phenolic extraction is greatest at low or high must temperatures?
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
high
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
total acidity (concentration of acids)
14. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
30 -40 years
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
15. What is the preferred temperature range for white wine making?
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
46 -57 degrees F
inhibits
16. What are 3 methods to control temperature in wine making?
85 - 90%
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
17. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
10 - 14 degrees C
18. Cold stabilization removes what acid in must?
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
tartaric
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
concrete - iron
19. What is the normal starting temperature for red wine must to start fermentation?
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
Fruit set - Verasion
tartaric
20% - 40%
20. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
beginning of fermentation
acid adjustment
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
21. If the Brix measurement is 24B and the desnsity is 1.12 - what is the % of alcohol if the wine is fermented completely?
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Tartaric and Malic
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
22. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
Air conditioning
85 - 90%
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
23. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
75 - 85%
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
24. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
72 - 82 degrees F
surplus & deficiency
cane sugar / grape concentrate
total acidity & ph
25. What are the objectives of fining?
breaks skin's tissue
20% - 40%
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
26. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
Leuconostoc-oenus
10 - 14 degrees C
Carbonic maceration
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
27. What are the acids most commonly used to correct the problem if there is insufficient acid in the must?
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
tartaric - malic - citric
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
85 - 90%
28. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
chaptalization
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
Air conditioning
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
29. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
72 - 82 degrees F
tannins
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
30. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
30 -40 years
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
damage to berries is minimal
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
31. What are three types of toasting?
Muscat
saccharomyces bayamus
Light - medium and heavy
breaks skin's tissue
32. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Traditional and Export
33. What are the two ways that late harvest grapes concentrate sugar?
30 degrees C
color & tannin extraction
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
drying grapes - noble rot
34. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
Chateau and Export
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
pigments - tannins - acidity
35. What occurs during racking?
Free run
surface of interior walls
clarify and aerate
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
36. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
no time in loading & discharging
total acidity & ph
Glucose and Fructose
tartaric
37. What is the purpose of de-stemming?
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
Air conditioning
Separate stems from must
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
38. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
breaks skin's tissue
30 -40 years
39. Below what temperature F should white wine must be kept to avoid the absorption of oxygen?
20% - 40%
Pressing whole cluster
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
< 50 degrees F
40. What is the best method to reduce the acidity of must?
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
blending
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
41. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
3
10 - 14 degrees C
1 - 4 hours
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
42. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "short contact" occurs?
1 - 4 hours
inhibits
quercus suber
saccharomyces bayamus
43. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
inhibits
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Citric
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
44. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
46 -57 degrees F
Acetic acid
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
contributes to bouquet
45. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
3
at least a month before harvest
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
Chateau and Export
46. What function does a capsule serve?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
pigment
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Hard-veggie or green flavor
47. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
total acidity (concentration of acids)
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
clears juice from its lees
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
48. What is the purpose of a lees filter?
tannins
clears juice from its lees
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
49. Blending is a term used to describe a variety of different processes. What are four different ways a wine can be blended?
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
blending
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
50. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
Glucose and Fructose
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
batch & continuous
start at verasion and repeat when necessary