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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are common techniques to reduce the acidity of must?
high
'green' - 'leafy'
breaks skin's tissue
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
2. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
75 - 85%
7 - 10 years
contributes to bouquet
batch & continuous
3. What is the depth of toasting when it is a heavy toast?
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4. The higher compound levels from the press run are related to what action during the making of the press run?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
Lactic
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
5. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
total acidity & ph
Glucose and Fructose
6. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
60% free run; 65% press run
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
10 - 14 degrees C
acid adjustment
7. SO2 is added to barrel maintenance in order to protect it against what two agents?
Acetic acid
30 -40 years
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
8. Name three of the most common methods for stopping fermentation or to allow for later re-fermentation.
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
Glucose and Fructose
4 tons per acre
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
9. What are the four types of skin contact that occur in red wine making?
contributes to bouquet
Portugal and Spain
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
10. What are the main acids in grapes?
chaptalization
75 - 85%
Tartaric and Malic
Hard-veggie or green flavor
11. If the Brix measurement is 24B and the desnsity is 1.12 - what is the % of alcohol if the wine is fermented completely?
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
12. What is the purpose of racking wine?
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
cool regions
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
13. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
Citric
concrete - iron
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
14. What is tonnage per acre that is the break-even point for doing mechanical harvesting?
4 tons per acre
Free run
85 - 90%
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
15. What is a major by-product of MLF?
saccharomyces
surplus & deficiency
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
Acetic acid
16. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
cloudiness & settling of particles
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
17. What are the two major categories into which wine presses are grouped?
batch & continuous
cool regions
tartaric
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
18. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
Fruit set - Verasion
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
40 -45 years
19. Name three components that are higher in the press run than the free run.
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
pectins
pigments - tannins - acidity
4 tons per acre
20. What are the two ways that late harvest grapes concentrate sugar?
drying grapes - noble rot
cloudiness & settling of particles
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
pectins
21. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
Carbonic maceration
3
60% free run; 65% press run
pigment
22. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
Citric
Muscat
acid adjustment
breaks skin's tissue
23. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
1 - 4 hours
blending
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
60% free run; 70% press run
24. What is the desirable bacteria genus for starting MLF in wine?
Leuconostoc-oenus
tartaric
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
25. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
1 - 4 hours
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
46 -57 degrees F
Chateau and Export
26. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
Separate stems from must
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
3
cinnamic acid
27. What group of compounds give wine color?
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
Traditional and Export
batch & continuous
Light - medium and heavy
28. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
inhibits
Air conditioning
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
Light - medium and heavy
29. What are the names of the main barrel shapes?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
tartaric - malic - citric
30. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
10 - 14 degrees C
20% - 40%
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
31. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
saccharomyces
Carbonic maceration
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
color & tannin extraction
32. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
Citric
Break skins to allow release of juice
surface of interior walls
up to 24 hours
33. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
Citric
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
surface of interior walls
60% free run; 70% press run
34. In what grape is some skin contact almost always used during white wine making?
pigment
Chardonnay
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
7 - 10 years
35. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Carbonic maceration
surface of interior walls
Total acidity
36. What is the normal starting temperature for red wine must to start fermentation?
Traditional and Export
Citric
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
37. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
17 - 20 degrees C
tannins
batch & continuous
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
38. What is the purpose of the crush?
30 degrees C
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
Glucose and Fructose
Break skins to allow release of juice
39. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
Traditional and Export
Air conditioning
chaptalization
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
40. Why is SO2 (sulfor dioxide) added to wine in modern winemaking?
up to 24 hours
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
Free run
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
41. Blending is used in order to achieve what goals?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
3
Very early morning until noon
42. What term is used to describe the absorption of oxygen that is common in white wine making?
oxidation
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Air conditioning
43. Which are more easily extracted during fermentation - pigment or tannins?
pigment
Lactic
< 50 degrees F
60% free run; 65% press run
44. What negative flavors can be found in wines that weren't sufficiently de-stemmed?
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
Hard-veggie or green flavor
oxidation
3
45. What are the main French oak regions?
7 - 10 years
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
clears juice from its lees
46. What two countries represent at least 70% of cork production?
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
Portugal and Spain
high
20% - 40%
47. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
at least a month before harvest
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
Pressing whole cluster
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
48. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
oxidation
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
30 -40 years
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
49. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
chaptalization
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
50. What occurs during racking?
clarify and aerate
Free run
cloudiness & settling of particles
start at verasion and repeat when necessary