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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the desirable bacteria genus for starting MLF in wine?
clears juice from its lees
cloudiness & settling of particles
Leuconostoc-oenus
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
2. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
17 - 20 degrees C
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
Total acidity
3. What is a major by-product of MLF?
Acetic acid
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
color & tannin extraction
contributes to bouquet
4. What is the minimum temp for MLF to occur?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Glucose and Fructose
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
17 - 20 degrees C
5. Phenolic extraction is greatest at low or high must temperatures?
clears juice from its lees
pigment
4 tons per acre
high
6. What function does a capsule serve?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
1 - 4 hours
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
3
7. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
2mm inside wood's surface
Very early morning until noon
inhibits
40 -45 years
8. What by-products of fermentation - in addition to alcohol - have a major impact on a wines flavor and quality?
72 - 82 degrees F
Citric
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
9. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
Tartaric and Malic
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
saccharomyces
10. Blending is a term used to describe a variety of different processes. What are four different ways a wine can be blended?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
drying grapes - noble rot
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
Separate stems from must
11. At what time should leaf removal occur to keep berry clusters from being over-shadowed?
saccharomyces bayamus
quercus suber
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
12. What is the major advantage of hand harvesting over mechanical harvesting?
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
damage to berries is minimal
20% - 40%
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
13. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
quercus suber
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
14. Name three of the most common methods for stopping fermentation or to allow for later re-fermentation.
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
Tartaric and Malic
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
15. What grapes are commonly used in a flute/Alsace bottle?
2mm inside wood's surface
Free run
1 - 4 hours
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
16. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
surplus & deficiency
pigment
pigments - tannins - acidity
concrete - iron
17. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
2mm inside wood's surface
oxidation
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
chaptalization
18. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
contributes to bouquet
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
19. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
Muscat
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
20. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
40 -45 years
< 50 degrees F
no time in loading & discharging
clears juice from its lees
21. What is the impact of high sugar concentrations (in the 30 - 40B range) during fermentation?
Separate stems from must
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
22. What are the acids most commonly used to correct the problem if there is insufficient acid in the must?
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
Total acidity
tartaric - malic - citric
23. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
24. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
saccharomyces bayamus
Light - medium and heavy
< 50 degrees F
Free run
25. Flavors in wine are basically derived from what acid?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
cinnamic acid
pigment
drying grapes - noble rot
26. Which are more easily extracted during fermentation - pigment or tannins?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
saccharomyces
pigment
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
27. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
blending
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
tartaric
28. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
surplus & deficiency
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
29. What is the overall weight composition of grape clusters?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Pressing whole cluster
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
30. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
75 - 85%
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
31. For how many years can compounds be extracted from a barrel?
7 - 10 years
40 -45 years
no time in loading & discharging
2mm inside wood's surface
32. What are the names of the main barrel shapes?
Traditional and Export
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
color & tannin extraction
oxidation
33. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
clears juice from its lees
60% free run; 65% press run
72 - 82 degrees F
2mm inside wood's surface
34. In what grape is some skin contact almost always used during white wine making?
blending
Chardonnay
chaptalization
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
35. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
saccharomyces
Lactic
Air conditioning
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
36. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
total acidity & ph
blending
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
high
37. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
Glucose and Fructose
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
38. What two countries represent at least 70% of cork production?
Portugal and Spain
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
no time in loading & discharging
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
39. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
Air conditioning
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
30 -40 years
pectins
40. What are the goals of oak aging wine?
Carbonic maceration
Muscat
damage to berries is minimal
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
41. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
20% - 40%
Light - medium and heavy
Chateau and Export
42. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
contributes to bouquet
85 - 90%
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
Traditional and Export
43. What is the purpose of racking wine?
17 - 20 degrees C
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
44. Cold stabilization removes what acid in must?
cloudiness & settling of particles
tartaric
7 - 10 years
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
45. Maximum color and tannin extraction will typically occur in how many days during the fermentation of red wine?
75 - 85%
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
no time in loading & discharging
9
46. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
cloudiness & settling of particles
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
60% free run; 65% press run
47. What grapes are commonly used in a Bordeaux bottle?
cool regions
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
48. What are the primary advantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
total acidity (concentration of acids)
contributes to bouquet
no time in loading & discharging
17 - 20 degrees C
49. What are 3 methods to control temperature in wine making?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
non-flavonoid phenols
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
50. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "long contact" occurs?
Leuconostoc-oenus
Tartaric and Malic
up to 24 hours
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room