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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the primary advantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
Acetic acid
no time in loading & discharging
2. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
4 tons per acre
Hard-veggie or green flavor
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
3. What are the objectives of fining?
10 - 13%
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
4. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
Chateau and Export
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
72 - 82 degrees F
5. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
contributes to bouquet
total acidity (concentration of acids)
pectins
6. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
chaptalization
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
Tartaric and Malic
7. What is the purpose of de-stemming?
Separate stems from must
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
72 - 82 degrees F
Free run
8. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging above 60% RH?
Muscat
at least a month before harvest
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
9. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
4 tons per acre
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
10. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
Acetic acid
chaptalization
Very early morning until noon
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
11. Cold stabilization removes what acid in must?
Hard-veggie or green flavor
tartaric
30 -40 years
cinnamic acid
12. What are the two major categories into which wine presses are grouped?
< 50 degrees F
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
batch & continuous
13. What is the best method to reduce the acidity of must?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
blending
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
14. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
cane sugar / grape concentrate
cloudiness & settling of particles
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
15. What are three types of toasting?
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
Light - medium and heavy
total acidity & ph
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
16. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
60% free run; 65% press run
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
breaks skin's tissue
17. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
surplus & deficiency
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
40 -45 years
46 -57 degrees F
18. What is the purpose of the crush?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Break skins to allow release of juice
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
quercus suber
19. What fractions of grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making white wine?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
quercus suber
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
60% free run; 70% press run
20. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
Break skins to allow release of juice
1 - 4 hours
Traditional and Export
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
21. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
Air conditioning
9
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
22. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
surface of interior walls
concrete - iron
Citric
85 - 90%
23. When is the best time of day to hand harvest?
30 degrees C
10 - 14 degrees C
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
Very early morning until noon
24. What are the two keys stages of berry development?
Leuconostoc-oenus
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
Fruit set - Verasion
25. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
clears juice from its lees
surface of interior walls
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
26. What grapes are commonly used in a flute/Alsace bottle?
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
Muscat
total acidity & ph
surplus & deficiency
27. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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28. What by-products of fermentation - in addition to alcohol - have a major impact on a wines flavor and quality?
60% free run; 70% press run
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
7 - 10 years
drying grapes - noble rot
29. The higher compound levels from the press run are related to what action during the making of the press run?
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
10 - 14 degrees C
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
chaptalization
30. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
cool regions
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
30 -40 years
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
31. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
9 - 10 years
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
32. What grapes are commonly used in a Bordeaux bottle?
Portugal and Spain
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
Pressing whole cluster
Air conditioning
33. What are the two types of acidity problems commonly found in wine?
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
oxidation
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
surplus & deficiency
34. What is the minimum temp for MLF to occur?
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
Carbonic maceration
17 - 20 degrees C
35. Define lees.
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
Chardonnay
Fruit set - Verasion
36. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
Chardonnay
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
37. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
oxidation
high
38. Below what temperature F should white wine must be kept to avoid the absorption of oxygen?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
Citric
pectins
< 50 degrees F
39. For how many years can compounds be extracted from a barrel?
inhibits
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
7 - 10 years
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
40. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
10 - 13%
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
up to 24 hours
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
41. The acidic (sour) taste in wine is most dependent on which acidity paramater?
Total acidity
high
contributes to bouquet
Air conditioning
42. Theoretically - how many degrees can a fermentation rise during fermentation?
total acidity (concentration of acids)
30 degrees C
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
< 50 degrees F
43. Which are more easily extracted during fermentation - pigment or tannins?
pigment
cinnamic acid
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
Lactic
44. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
total acidity & ph
no time in loading & discharging
Chateau and Export
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
45. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
surplus & deficiency
Carbonic maceration
up to 24 hours
46. What are 3 methods to control temperature in wine making?
up to 24 hours
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
Leuconostoc-oenus
cool regions
47. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
quercus suber
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
48. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
acid adjustment
saccharomyces
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
49. What yeast will remain active at high alcohol levels?
saccharomyces
saccharomyces bayamus
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
surface of interior walls
50. What is the major advantage of hand harvesting over mechanical harvesting?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
damage to berries is minimal
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay