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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the preferred temperature range for white wine making?
46 -57 degrees F
40 -45 years
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Carbonic maceration
2. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
2mm inside wood's surface
10 - 14 degrees C
Separate stems from must
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
3. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
inhibits
20% - 40%
4. What are the two major categories into which wine presses are grouped?
batch & continuous
Break skins to allow release of juice
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
5. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
Citric
10 - 13%
tartaric - malic - citric
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
6. Flavors in wine are basically derived from what acid?
cinnamic acid
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
cane sugar / grape concentrate
30 -40 years
7. The higher compound levels from the press run are related to what action during the making of the press run?
at least a month before harvest
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
30 degrees C
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
8. What is the normal starting temperature for red wine must to start fermentation?
Total acidity
75 - 85%
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
9. What grapes are commonly used in a Bordeaux bottle?
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
damage to berries is minimal
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
blending
10. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
tartaric - malic - citric
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
up to 24 hours
11. Below what temperature F should white wine must be kept to avoid the absorption of oxygen?
cinnamic acid
at least a month before harvest
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
< 50 degrees F
12. What is the major advantage of hand harvesting over mechanical harvesting?
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
damage to berries is minimal
40 -45 years
13. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
high
cool regions
cloudiness & settling of particles
14. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
inhibits
10 - 14 degrees C
surplus & deficiency
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
15. What by-products of fermentation - in addition to alcohol - have a major impact on a wines flavor and quality?
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
drying grapes - noble rot
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
16. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
60% free run; 70% press run
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Air conditioning
17. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
4 tons per acre
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
Free run
18. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
beginning of fermentation
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
19. What is the desirable bacteria genus for starting MLF in wine?
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
Leuconostoc-oenus
pigment
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
20. Any unfermented sugar in wine is a cause for chemical instability - what are methods to control or preserve wine from refermentation?
contributes to bouquet
pigments - tannins - acidity
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
chaptalization
21. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
pectins
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Chateau and Export
22. SO2 is added to barrel maintenance in order to protect it against what two agents?
Traditional and Export
Total acidity
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
23. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
9
batch & continuous
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
24. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
tartaric - malic - citric
total acidity (concentration of acids)
at least a month before harvest
17 - 20 degrees C
25. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
total acidity & ph
< 50 degrees F
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
non-flavonoid phenols
26. What function does a capsule serve?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
27. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
Air conditioning
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
28. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
75 - 85%
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
30 -40 years
1 - 4 hours
29. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
saccharomyces
clarify and aerate
20% - 40%
30. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
30 -40 years
clears juice from its lees
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
beginning of fermentation
31. In what grape is some skin contact almost always used during white wine making?
contributes to bouquet
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
Chardonnay
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
32. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
Free run
33. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?
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34. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
color & tannin extraction
Separate stems from must
10 - 13%
35. What are three types of toasting?
saccharomyces bayamus
2mm inside wood's surface
Light - medium and heavy
Glucose and Fructose
36. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
saccharomyces bayamus
Chateau and Export
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
30 degrees C
37. Why is SO2 (sulfor dioxide) added to wine in modern winemaking?
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
38. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
inhibits
Pressing whole cluster
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
39. After the first harvest - how often can the bark be stripped from the oak trees?
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
quercus suber
9 - 10 years
beginning of fermentation
40. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Light - medium and heavy
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
41. What are the goals of oak aging wine?
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
Muscat
clears juice from its lees
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
42. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
cool regions
contributes to bouquet
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
43. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
Glucose and Fructose
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
saccharomyces
44. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Chateau and Export
9 - 10 years
Carbonic maceration
45. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
9
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
Chateau and Export
46. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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47. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
1 - 4 hours
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
breaks skin's tissue
48. What are the acids most commonly used to correct the problem if there is insufficient acid in the must?
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
Break skins to allow release of juice
tartaric - malic - citric
Portugal and Spain
49. Fermented free run is what % of the total wine volume?
85 - 90%
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Free run
50. The acidic (sour) taste in wine is most dependent on which acidity paramater?
Leuconostoc-oenus
Light - medium and heavy
Total acidity
tannins