SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the purpose of racking wine?
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
Separate stems from must
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
2. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
3. What are three kinds of batch presses that have historically been used in wine production?
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
color & tannin extraction
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
up to 24 hours
4. What yeast will remain active at high alcohol levels?
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
saccharomyces bayamus
5. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
cloudiness & settling of particles
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
30 -40 years
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
6. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
beginning of fermentation
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
7. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
20% - 40%
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Acetic acid
pigment
8. What are three types of toasting?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
surface of interior walls
Light - medium and heavy
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
9. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
2mm inside wood's surface
46 -57 degrees F
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
72 - 82 degrees F
10. What are the objectives of fining?
75 - 85%
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
11. What is the impact of high sugar concentrations (in the 30 - 40B range) during fermentation?
blending
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
concrete - iron
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
12. Any unfermented sugar in wine is a cause for chemical instability - what are methods to control or preserve wine from refermentation?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
Citric
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
13. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
Pressing whole cluster
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
high
at least a month before harvest
14. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
30 -40 years
< 50 degrees F
tannins
at least a month before harvest
15. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
Light - medium and heavy
3
at least a month before harvest
up to 24 hours
16. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
Lactic
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
< 50 degrees F
Hard-veggie or green flavor
17. What are the major techniques used for acid correction when it is deficient?
40 -45 years
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
cloudiness & settling of particles
18. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
Air conditioning
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
19. Cold stabilization removes what acid in must?
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
tartaric
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
20. Pumping-over or pushing down the cap is used to extract what from the skins in red wine making?
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
color & tannin extraction
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
quercus suber
21. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
Citric
Very early morning until noon
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
chaptalization
22. What are the primary disadvantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
23. Theoretically - how many degrees can a fermentation rise during fermentation?
30 degrees C
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
24. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
breaks skin's tissue
Muscat
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
25. What are the goals of oak aging wine?
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Carbonic maceration
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
26. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "long contact" occurs?
tannins
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
up to 24 hours
27. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
Separate stems from must
tannins
60% free run; 70% press run
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
28. What is the most practical and most frequent method of correcting acidity in wine?
acid adjustment
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
30 degrees C
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
29. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
Chateau and Export
10 - 14 degrees C
quercus suber
'green' - 'leafy'
30. What fractions of grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making white wine?
saccharomyces bayamus
clears juice from its lees
60% free run; 70% press run
Air conditioning
31. What are the two major categories into which wine presses are grouped?
quercus suber
'green' - 'leafy'
< 50 degrees F
batch & continuous
32. SO2 is added to barrel maintenance in order to protect it against what two agents?
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
7 - 10 years
Acetic acid
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
33. What is the oak used in cork production?
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
quercus suber
72 - 82 degrees F
60% free run; 65% press run
34. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
Free run
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
Portugal and Spain
35. What family of grapes can typically develop bitterness if there is skin contact?
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
Muscat
breaks skin's tissue
Chardonnay
36. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
40 -45 years
high
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Traditional and Export
37. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
17 - 20 degrees C
40 -45 years
cinnamic acid
Glucose and Fructose
38. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
17 - 20 degrees C
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Tartaric and Malic
39. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
Light - medium and heavy
Chardonnay
75 - 85%
40. What is the major advantage of hand harvesting over mechanical harvesting?
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
pigment
damage to berries is minimal
color - tannin and body
41. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
1 - 4 hours
Separate stems from must
42. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
Total acidity
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
Break skins to allow release of juice
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
43. What is the purpose of the crush?
saccharomyces
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
Break skins to allow release of juice
Air conditioning
44. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
cool regions
30 -40 years
inhibits
45. What are the three most common still wine bottle shapes used today?
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Separate stems from must
surplus & deficiency
Citric
46. What negative flavors can be found in wines that weren't sufficiently de-stemmed?
17 - 20 degrees C
Separate stems from must
Hard-veggie or green flavor
tartaric - malic - citric
47. What are the extracted compounds from oak?
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
3
non-flavonoid phenols
Carbonic maceration
48. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
pectins
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
surface of interior walls
49. What are the main French oak regions?
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
7 - 10 years
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
50. Define lees.
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
Fruit set - Verasion
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present