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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The acidic (sour) taste in wine is most dependent on which acidity paramater?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
blending
Total acidity
pectins
2. What type of climate zone produces grapes that are high in acid?
60% free run; 65% press run
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
pectins
cool regions
3. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
Pressing whole cluster
3
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
30 -40 years
4. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?
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5. If the Brix measurement is 24B and the desnsity is 1.12 - what is the % of alcohol if the wine is fermented completely?
cloudiness & settling of particles
Citric
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
3
6. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
46 -57 degrees F
Air conditioning
Pressing whole cluster
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
7. What function does a capsule serve?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
no time in loading & discharging
Portugal and Spain
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
8. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
surface of interior walls
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
46 -57 degrees F
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
9. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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10. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
non-flavonoid phenols
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
9
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
11. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
75 - 85%
at least a month before harvest
quercus suber
cinnamic acid
12. What are three types of toasting?
Light - medium and heavy
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
10 - 13%
13. Below what temperature F should white wine must be kept to avoid the absorption of oxygen?
< 50 degrees F
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
14. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
clarify and aerate
contributes to bouquet
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
15. High acid concentrations in fruit are usually caused by what common occurrence?
30 degrees C
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
quercus suber
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
16. Name three of the most common methods for stopping fermentation or to allow for later re-fermentation.
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
Lactic
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
17. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
30 -40 years
Very early morning until noon
60% free run; 70% press run
18. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
tannins
19. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
Traditional and Export
7 - 10 years
20. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
Tartaric and Malic
cinnamic acid
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
at least a month before harvest
21. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
pigment
Glucose and Fructose
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
22. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
Hard-veggie or green flavor
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
drying grapes - noble rot
23. What media conditions control yeast growth?
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
cloudiness & settling of particles
24. What acid should not be used to correct acid deficiencies if a MLF is planned?
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
high
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Citric
25. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
beginning of fermentation
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
26. What is the desirable bacteria genus for starting MLF in wine?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
Leuconostoc-oenus
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
27. Fermented free run is what % of the total wine volume?
2mm inside wood's surface
85 - 90%
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
pigment
28. What fractions of grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making white wine?
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
60% free run; 70% press run
29. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
60% free run; 70% press run
chaptalization
concrete - iron
non-flavonoid phenols
30. Any unfermented sugar in wine is a cause for chemical instability - what are methods to control or preserve wine from refermentation?
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
75 - 85%
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
clarify and aerate
31. What are the two ways that late harvest grapes concentrate sugar?
'green' - 'leafy'
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
drying grapes - noble rot
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
32. After the first harvest - how often can the bark be stripped from the oak trees?
60% free run; 70% press run
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
9 - 10 years
quercus suber
33. At what time should leaf removal occur to keep berry clusters from being over-shadowed?
saccharomyces
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
Chateau and Export
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
34. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "long contact" occurs?
tannins
Citric
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
up to 24 hours
35. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
total acidity & ph
cane sugar / grape concentrate
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
quercus suber
36. What occurs during racking?
30 degrees C
cool regions
< 50 degrees F
clarify and aerate
37. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
30 -40 years
pectins
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
Carbonic maceration
38. What is a major by-product of MLF?
4 tons per acre
surplus & deficiency
Separate stems from must
Acetic acid
39. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "short contact" occurs?
pigment
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
1 - 4 hours
40. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
cool regions
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Very early morning until noon
Lactic
41. What are the four types of skin contact that occur in red wine making?
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
inhibits
drying grapes - noble rot
42. What is the minimum temp for MLF to occur?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Fruit set - Verasion
17 - 20 degrees C
Air conditioning
43. Blending is used in order to achieve what goals?
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
Total acidity
'green' - 'leafy'
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
44. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
Carbonic maceration
10 - 14 degrees C
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
45. In what grape is some skin contact almost always used during white wine making?
Chardonnay
clears juice from its lees
'green' - 'leafy'
total acidity & ph
46. Which are more easily extracted during fermentation - pigment or tannins?
color - tannin and body
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
pigment
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
47. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
Citric
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
Pressing whole cluster
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
48. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
surplus & deficiency
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
7 - 10 years
Fruit set - Verasion
49. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
Citric
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
10 - 13%
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
50. What chemical structure is responsible for the "dry" feeling - or astringency of red wine?
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
tartaric - malic - citric