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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are three types of toasting?
40 -45 years
Light - medium and heavy
85 - 90%
Carbonic maceration
2. What are the acids most commonly used to correct the problem if there is insufficient acid in the must?
Citric
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
tartaric - malic - citric
3. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
Free run
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
'green' - 'leafy'
cane sugar / grape concentrate
4. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
Tartaric and Malic
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
10 - 13%
total acidity & ph
5. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
acid adjustment
40 -45 years
6. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
72 - 82 degrees F
Leuconostoc-oenus
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
7. High acid concentrations in fruit are usually caused by what common occurrence?
breaks skin's tissue
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
drying grapes - noble rot
8. What grapes are commonly used in a flute/Alsace bottle?
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
surface of interior walls
60% free run; 70% press run
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
9. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
Glucose and Fructose
Acetic acid
Lactic
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
10. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
20% - 40%
Break skins to allow release of juice
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
11. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
30 -40 years
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
12. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
9 - 10 years
damage to berries is minimal
color - tannin and body
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
13. Flavors in wine are basically derived from what acid?
Air conditioning
75 - 85%
cinnamic acid
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
14. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
Carbonic maceration
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
40 -45 years
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
15. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
Portugal and Spain
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
17 - 20 degrees C
16. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
17. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?
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18. What are common techniques to reduce the acidity of must?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Citric
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
60% free run; 70% press run
19. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
color & tannin extraction
surplus & deficiency
chaptalization
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
20. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
Glucose and Fructose
75 - 85%
60% free run; 70% press run
21. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
no time in loading & discharging
tannins
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
75 - 85%
22. What is the normal starting temperature for red wine must to start fermentation?
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
23. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
batch & continuous
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
color - tannin and body
Traditional and Export
24. What is the best method to reduce the acidity of must?
blending
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
17 - 20 degrees C
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
25. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
up to 24 hours
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
26. The acidic (sour) taste in wine is most dependent on which acidity paramater?
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Tartaric and Malic
Total acidity
4 tons per acre
27. Blending is a term used to describe a variety of different processes. What are four different ways a wine can be blended?
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
9
28. Maximum color and tannin extraction will typically occur in how many days during the fermentation of red wine?
< 50 degrees F
9
cloudiness & settling of particles
surface of interior walls
29. What chemical structure is responsible for the "dry" feeling - or astringency of red wine?
'green' - 'leafy'
Free run
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
46 -57 degrees F
30. What are the two keys stages of berry development?
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
chaptalization
Total acidity
Fruit set - Verasion
31. If the Brix measurement is 24B and the desnsity is 1.12 - what is the % of alcohol if the wine is fermented completely?
Glucose and Fructose
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
72 - 82 degrees F
breaks skin's tissue
32. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
up to 24 hours
contributes to bouquet
damage to berries is minimal
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
33. In what grape is some skin contact almost always used during white wine making?
Traditional and Export
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
Chardonnay
34. What fractions of grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making white wine?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
cool regions
60% free run; 70% press run
35. What are the major techniques used for acid correction when it is deficient?
75 - 85%
Leuconostoc-oenus
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
color & tannin extraction
36. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
tannins
Total acidity
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
37. What are the extracted compounds from oak?
non-flavonoid phenols
cloudiness & settling of particles
10 - 13%
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
38. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
Portugal and Spain
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
Citric
72 - 82 degrees F
39. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
Chateau and Export
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
pectins
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
40. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
cloudiness & settling of particles
Glucose and Fructose
Portugal and Spain
41. What occurs during racking?
acid adjustment
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
high
clarify and aerate
42. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
10 - 14 degrees C
1 - 4 hours
non-flavonoid phenols
beginning of fermentation
43. What are the two major categories into which wine presses are grouped?
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
pigment
< 50 degrees F
batch & continuous
44. The higher compound levels from the press run are related to what action during the making of the press run?
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
2mm inside wood's surface
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
45. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
Chateau and Export
Separate stems from must
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
concrete - iron
46. What are five common fining agents used in wine making?
7 - 10 years
pigment
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
total acidity (concentration of acids)
47. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
72 - 82 degrees F
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
48. What are the main French oak regions?
tartaric
Chardonnay
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
49. Phenolic extraction is greatest at low or high must temperatures?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
cool regions
high
50. What are the four types of skin contact that occur in red wine making?
drying grapes - noble rot
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol