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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the names of the main barrel shapes?
4 tons per acre
Lactic
damage to berries is minimal
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
2. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
contributes to bouquet
3. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
75 - 85%
4. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
30 -40 years
cloudiness & settling of particles
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
Total acidity
5. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
30 -40 years
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
tannins
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
6. Pumping-over or pushing down the cap is used to extract what from the skins in red wine making?
Chardonnay
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
color & tannin extraction
60% free run; 70% press run
7. At what time should leaf removal occur to keep berry clusters from being over-shadowed?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
total acidity & ph
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
breaks skin's tissue
8. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
Chardonnay
46 -57 degrees F
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
9. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Pressing whole cluster
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
Total acidity
10. What are the main French oak regions?
damage to berries is minimal
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
Leuconostoc-oenus
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
11. Since the fermentation of white wine is done without skins - what two methods are employed to prepare the white grape must for fermentation?
85 - 90%
4 tons per acre
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
1 - 4 hours
12. What is the most practical and most frequent method of correcting acidity in wine?
46 -57 degrees F
at least a month before harvest
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
acid adjustment
13. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
color - tannin and body
9 - 10 years
cool regions
14. Which are more easily extracted during fermentation - pigment or tannins?
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
pigment
30 degrees C
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
15. What negative flavors can be found in wines that weren't sufficiently de-stemmed?
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Glucose and Fructose
Hard-veggie or green flavor
16. Blending is a term used to describe a variety of different processes. What are four different ways a wine can be blended?
Break skins to allow release of juice
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
9 - 10 years
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
17. What are the four types of skin contact that occur in red wine making?
color & tannin extraction
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
saccharomyces bayamus
3
18. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
75 - 85%
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
surface of interior walls
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
19. What is the minimum temp for MLF to occur?
17 - 20 degrees C
'green' - 'leafy'
Muscat
Chardonnay
20. Blending is used in order to achieve what goals?
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
Muscat
75 - 85%
1 - 4 hours
21. What is the impact of high sugar concentrations (in the 30 - 40B range) during fermentation?
cool regions
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
2mm inside wood's surface
22. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
1 - 4 hours
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
drying grapes - noble rot
beginning of fermentation
23. What are the primary advantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
Leuconostoc-oenus
no time in loading & discharging
high
Free run
24. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
Leuconostoc-oenus
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
Air conditioning
25. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Muscat
26. What is the depth of toasting when it is a heavy toast?
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27. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
30 degrees C
high
Citric
Portugal and Spain
28. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
30 degrees C
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
tannins
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
29. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
Chardonnay
total acidity & ph
20% - 40%
30. What occurs during racking?
saccharomyces bayamus
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
clarify and aerate
tartaric - malic - citric
31. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Acetic acid
surface of interior walls
32. What acid usually is detected in the evolution or finish of a wine that has a slightly bitter taste and aids in swallowing food?
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
quercus suber
Lactic
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
33. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
surplus & deficiency
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
9
34. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
contributes to bouquet
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
35. What are the two ways that late harvest grapes concentrate sugar?
cool regions
drying grapes - noble rot
60% free run; 70% press run
Separate stems from must
36. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
contributes to bouquet
inhibits
quercus suber
Total acidity
37. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?
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38. What are the extracted compounds from oak?
non-flavonoid phenols
Glucose and Fructose
tartaric - malic - citric
Air conditioning
39. Name three components that are higher in the press run than the free run.
pigments - tannins - acidity
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
total acidity & ph
cloudiness & settling of particles
40. What chemical structure is responsible for the "dry" feeling - or astringency of red wine?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
41. What grapes are commonly used in a flute/Alsace bottle?
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
batch & continuous
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
42. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
60% free run; 65% press run
saccharomyces bayamus
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
damage to berries is minimal
43. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
concrete - iron
10 - 13%
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
Air conditioning
44. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
up to 24 hours
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Free run
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
45. The higher compound levels from the press run are related to what action during the making of the press run?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
Fruit set - Verasion
clears juice from its lees
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
46. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
Chardonnay
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
pigment
47. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
concrete - iron
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
chaptalization
Separate stems from must
48. What group of compounds give wine color?
Chardonnay
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
49. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
'green' - 'leafy'
Air conditioning
50. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Leuconostoc-oenus
chaptalization
Light - medium and heavy