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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the primary advantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
pectins
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
no time in loading & discharging
clarify and aerate
2. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
Very early morning until noon
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
batch & continuous
3. What are the two major categories into which wine presses are grouped?
breaks skin's tissue
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
pigment
batch & continuous
4. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
60% free run; 65% press run
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
batch & continuous
30 degrees C
5. What are the main French oak regions?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
6. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
surface of interior walls
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
Portugal and Spain
7. What are the acids most commonly used to correct the problem if there is insufficient acid in the must?
tartaric - malic - citric
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
clears juice from its lees
chaptalization
8. Name three of the most common methods for stopping fermentation or to allow for later re-fermentation.
'green' - 'leafy'
pectins
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
9. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
Light - medium and heavy
Chateau and Export
60% free run; 70% press run
1 - 4 hours
10. What are five common fining agents used in wine making?
total acidity (concentration of acids)
tannins
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
11. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
75 - 85%
high
12. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
3
drying grapes - noble rot
Carbonic maceration
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
13. What grapes are commonly used in a Bordeaux bottle?
20% - 40%
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
acid adjustment
drying grapes - noble rot
14. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
Free run
total acidity & ph
17 - 20 degrees C
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
15. Blending is a term used to describe a variety of different processes. What are four different ways a wine can be blended?
30 degrees C
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
no time in loading & discharging
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
16. What media conditions control yeast growth?
Acetic acid
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
Break skins to allow release of juice
Separate stems from must
17. What is the purpose of de-stemming?
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
clarify and aerate
10 - 13%
Separate stems from must
18. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
1 - 4 hours
20% - 40%
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
19. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
damage to berries is minimal
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
4 tons per acre
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
20. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging above 60% RH?
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
quercus suber
Lactic
21. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
oxidation
40 -45 years
'green' - 'leafy'
75 - 85%
22. What is the depth of toasting when it is a heavy toast?
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23. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
quercus suber
oxidation
cool regions
3
24. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Free run
< 50 degrees F
batch & continuous
25. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
blending
surface of interior walls
26. When is the best time of day to hand harvest?
Leuconostoc-oenus
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Very early morning until noon
27. What is the preferred temperature range for white wine making?
85 - 90%
pectins
46 -57 degrees F
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
28. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
10 - 13%
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
damage to berries is minimal
29. For how many years can compounds be extracted from a barrel?
17 - 20 degrees C
60% free run; 65% press run
Tartaric and Malic
7 - 10 years
30. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
blending
color - tannin and body
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
31. What are the goals of oak aging wine?
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
pectins
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
cool regions
32. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
clarify and aerate
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
chaptalization
'green' - 'leafy'
33. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
tartaric
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
total acidity & ph
34. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
35. What are the four types of skin contact that occur in red wine making?
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
60% free run; 65% press run
36. What are three kinds of batch presses that have historically been used in wine production?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
saccharomyces
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
37. What are 3 methods to control temperature in wine making?
no time in loading & discharging
85 - 90%
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
38. What acid usually is detected in the evolution or finish of a wine that has a slightly bitter taste and aids in swallowing food?
Lactic
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
surface of interior walls
39. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
72 - 82 degrees F
inhibits
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
40. What is the overall weight composition of grape clusters?
Acetic acid
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
41. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
75 - 85%
saccharomyces bayamus
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Pressing whole cluster
42. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
Traditional and Export
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
Air conditioning
total acidity (concentration of acids)
43. What is the best method to reduce the acidity of must?
Leuconostoc-oenus
blending
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
44. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
cinnamic acid
7 - 10 years
Traditional and Export
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
45. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "short contact" occurs?
breaks skin's tissue
tartaric
Fruit set - Verasion
1 - 4 hours
46. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
40 -45 years
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
47. What type of climate zone produces grapes that are high in acid?
cool regions
pectins
9 - 10 years
Separate stems from must
48. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
4 tons per acre
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
49. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
pigments - tannins - acidity
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
cool regions
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
50. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
beginning of fermentation
inhibits