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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the purpose of a lees filter?
Glucose and Fructose
clears juice from its lees
Air conditioning
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
2. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
color & tannin extraction
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
3. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
inhibits
no time in loading & discharging
'green' - 'leafy'
cinnamic acid
4. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging above 60% RH?
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
clarify and aerate
tartaric
75 - 85%
5. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
pigment
6. The acidic (sour) taste in wine is most dependent on which acidity paramater?
Total acidity
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
7. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
chaptalization
Pressing whole cluster
Portugal and Spain
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
8. What occurs during racking?
clarify and aerate
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
9. What function does a capsule serve?
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
Air conditioning
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
10. Fermented free run is what % of the total wine volume?
85 - 90%
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
total acidity (concentration of acids)
11. What are the names of the main barrel shapes?
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
damage to berries is minimal
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
total acidity (concentration of acids)
12. What is tonnage per acre that is the break-even point for doing mechanical harvesting?
4 tons per acre
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Very early morning until noon
40 -45 years
13. Theoretically - how many degrees can a fermentation rise during fermentation?
30 degrees C
9
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
14. What are the two types of acidity problems commonly found in wine?
no time in loading & discharging
saccharomyces
surplus & deficiency
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
15. What by-products of fermentation - in addition to alcohol - have a major impact on a wines flavor and quality?
30 degrees C
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Glucose and Fructose
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
16. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "short contact" occurs?
10 - 14 degrees C
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
1 - 4 hours
cool regions
17. What negative flavors can be found in wines that weren't sufficiently de-stemmed?
drying grapes - noble rot
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
Pressing whole cluster
Hard-veggie or green flavor
18. In what grape is some skin contact almost always used during white wine making?
cool regions
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
total acidity & ph
Chardonnay
19. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
Hard-veggie or green flavor
non-flavonoid phenols
Chateau and Export
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
20. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
breaks skin's tissue
Break skins to allow release of juice
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
21. What media conditions control yeast growth?
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
7 - 10 years
pigment
22. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
Citric
pectins
concrete - iron
clarify and aerate
23. What is the normal starting temperature for red wine must to start fermentation?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
contributes to bouquet
24. What is the major advantage of hand harvesting over mechanical harvesting?
damage to berries is minimal
17 - 20 degrees C
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Lactic
25. What are the objectives of fining?
Total acidity
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
tannins
inhibits
26. What is the overall weight composition of grape clusters?
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
cane sugar / grape concentrate
oxidation
30 -40 years
27. What is the oak used in cork production?
quercus suber
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
2mm inside wood's surface
Citric
28. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
damage to berries is minimal
cloudiness & settling of particles
Glucose and Fructose
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
29. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
color - tannin and body
Chateau and Export
30. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
20% - 40%
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
31. What chemical structure is responsible for the "dry" feeling - or astringency of red wine?
damage to berries is minimal
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
32. If the Brix measurement is 24B and the desnsity is 1.12 - what is the % of alcohol if the wine is fermented completely?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
beginning of fermentation
pigments - tannins - acidity
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
33. Phenolic extraction is greatest at low or high must temperatures?
30 -40 years
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
72 - 82 degrees F
high
34. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
cloudiness & settling of particles
9
35. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
60% free run; 70% press run
36. Blending is used in order to achieve what goals?
Lactic
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
37. What yeast will remain active at high alcohol levels?
clarify and aerate
saccharomyces bayamus
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
beginning of fermentation
38. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
Muscat
20% - 40%
9
cloudiness & settling of particles
39. Pumping-over or pushing down the cap is used to extract what from the skins in red wine making?
Chardonnay
color & tannin extraction
damage to berries is minimal
pigment
40. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Acetic acid
Muscat
41. High acid concentrations in fruit are usually caused by what common occurrence?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
42. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
17 - 20 degrees C
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
cloudiness & settling of particles
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
43. What are three kinds of batch presses that have historically been used in wine production?
Citric
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
Very early morning until noon
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
44. What are the main acids in grapes?
9 - 10 years
Tartaric and Malic
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
breaks skin's tissue
45. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
30 degrees C
Traditional and Export
Leuconostoc-oenus
Citric
46. What are three types of toasting?
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
clears juice from its lees
Light - medium and heavy
drying grapes - noble rot
47. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
at least a month before harvest
up to 24 hours
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Break skins to allow release of juice
48. What are the two major categories into which wine presses are grouped?
10 - 13%
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
batch & continuous
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
49. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
60% free run; 65% press run
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
at least a month before harvest
oxidation
50. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
total acidity (concentration of acids)
72 - 82 degrees F
60% free run; 70% press run