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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
contributes to bouquet
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
2. What is the most practical and most frequent method of correcting acidity in wine?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
10 - 13%
2mm inside wood's surface
acid adjustment
3. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging above 60% RH?
chaptalization
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
3
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
4. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
Separate stems from must
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
60% free run; 70% press run
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
5. What is the impact of high sugar concentrations (in the 30 - 40B range) during fermentation?
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
saccharomyces
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
6. Name three of the most common methods for stopping fermentation or to allow for later re-fermentation.
high
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
cool regions
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
7. What are the primary disadvantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
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8. Flavors in wine are basically derived from what acid?
60% free run; 65% press run
tannins
Break skins to allow release of juice
cinnamic acid
9. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
Traditional and Export
Carbonic maceration
Tartaric and Malic
drying grapes - noble rot
10. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
4 tons per acre
10 - 13%
Free run
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
11. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
Citric
Chardonnay
surface of interior walls
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
12. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
72 - 82 degrees F
chaptalization
3
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
13. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Chateau and Export
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
14. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
tartaric
72 - 82 degrees F
9 - 10 years
15. What is tonnage per acre that is the break-even point for doing mechanical harvesting?
saccharomyces
pectins
2mm inside wood's surface
4 tons per acre
16. What are the three most common still wine bottle shapes used today?
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
damage to berries is minimal
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
17. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
9
18. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Muscat
contributes to bouquet
Total acidity
19. What is the best method to reduce the acidity of must?
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
blending
surplus & deficiency
Free run
20. What are the four types of skin contact that occur in red wine making?
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
Break skins to allow release of juice
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
21. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
Hard-veggie or green flavor
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
Free run
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
22. What acid should not be used to correct acid deficiencies if a MLF is planned?
Citric
damage to berries is minimal
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
blending
23. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
Air conditioning
tartaric
Very early morning until noon
color & tannin extraction
24. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
Citric
pigments - tannins - acidity
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
surface of interior walls
25. What is the major advantage of hand harvesting over mechanical harvesting?
damage to berries is minimal
Carbonic maceration
Leuconostoc-oenus
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
26. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
Break skins to allow release of juice
85 - 90%
Traditional and Export
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
27. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
tannins
contributes to bouquet
total acidity & ph
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
28. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Hard-veggie or green flavor
Carbonic maceration
30 -40 years
29. Maximum color and tannin extraction will typically occur in how many days during the fermentation of red wine?
contributes to bouquet
pigment
9
4 tons per acre
30. What is the depth of toasting when it is a heavy toast?
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31. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
clarify and aerate
pectins
contributes to bouquet
cane sugar / grape concentrate
32. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
30 degrees C
40 -45 years
blending
Muscat
33. What are the goals of oak aging wine?
high
Tartaric and Malic
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
34. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
tannins
oxidation
Light - medium and heavy
35. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
Separate stems from must
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
36. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
Carbonic maceration
concrete - iron
37. What are common techniques to reduce the acidity of must?
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
Tartaric and Malic
30 -40 years
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
38. What is the purpose of the crush?
Very early morning until noon
Break skins to allow release of juice
'green' - 'leafy'
cool regions
39. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
20% - 40%
surface of interior walls
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
40. Blending is used in order to achieve what goals?
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
20% - 40%
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
41. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
cloudiness & settling of particles
Chateau and Export
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Leuconostoc-oenus
42. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
pectins
Glucose and Fructose
tannins
43. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
beginning of fermentation
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
44. What are the most common reasons for a stuck fermentation?
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
surface of interior walls
Leuconostoc-oenus
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
45. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
'green' - 'leafy'
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
Citric
46. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
Acetic acid
10 - 14 degrees C
10 - 13%
quercus suber
47. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
quercus suber
drying grapes - noble rot
beginning of fermentation
48. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
at least a month before harvest
breaks skin's tissue
clears juice from its lees
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
49. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
4 tons per acre
inhibits
saccharomyces
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
50. What term is used to describe the absorption of oxygen that is common in white wine making?
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
oxidation
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose