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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the major techniques used for acid correction when it is deficient?
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
tartaric - malic - citric
Break skins to allow release of juice
acid adjustment
2. What two countries represent at least 70% of cork production?
concrete - iron
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
Portugal and Spain
cloudiness & settling of particles
3. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
oxidation
up to 24 hours
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
4. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Citric
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Carbonic maceration
5. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
Acetic acid
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
saccharomyces
6. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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7. Define lees.
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
8. What grapes are commonly used in a flute/Alsace bottle?
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
oxidation
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
9. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
breaks skin's tissue
tannins
at least a month before harvest
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
10. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?
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11. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
< 50 degrees F
30 -40 years
pectins
12. What is the desirable bacteria genus for starting MLF in wine?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Traditional and Export
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Leuconostoc-oenus
13. The acidic (sour) taste in wine is most dependent on which acidity paramater?
tartaric
Total acidity
at least a month before harvest
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
14. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
contributes to bouquet
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
15. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
Citric
chaptalization
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
16. What are the three most common still wine bottle shapes used today?
60% free run; 65% press run
tartaric
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Portugal and Spain
17. If the Brix measurement is 24B and the desnsity is 1.12 - what is the % of alcohol if the wine is fermented completely?
saccharomyces bayamus
blending
2mm inside wood's surface
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
18. What is the purpose of racking wine?
concrete - iron
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
19. What are the most common reasons for a stuck fermentation?
7 - 10 years
9 - 10 years
72 - 82 degrees F
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
20. Pumping-over or pushing down the cap is used to extract what from the skins in red wine making?
cool regions
pectins
3
color & tannin extraction
21. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
saccharomyces
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
22. Name three components that are higher in the press run than the free run.
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
blending
pigments - tannins - acidity
concrete - iron
23. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
46 -57 degrees F
cool regions
beginning of fermentation
24. What are the acids most commonly used to correct the problem if there is insufficient acid in the must?
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
color - tannin and body
tartaric - malic - citric
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
25. What is the impact of high sugar concentrations (in the 30 - 40B range) during fermentation?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
26. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
concrete - iron
72 - 82 degrees F
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
27. What media conditions control yeast growth?
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
clarify and aerate
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
total acidity & ph
28. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
60% free run; 70% press run
cinnamic acid
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
Separate stems from must
29. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
Lactic
30. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
damage to berries is minimal
Pressing whole cluster
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
color - tannin and body
31. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
at least a month before harvest
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
cloudiness & settling of particles
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
32. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
Pressing whole cluster
beginning of fermentation
batch & continuous
Separate stems from must
33. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
10 - 13%
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
surface of interior walls
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
34. What are the extracted compounds from oak?
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Acetic acid
Portugal and Spain
non-flavonoid phenols
35. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging above 60% RH?
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
36. What by-products of fermentation - in addition to alcohol - have a major impact on a wines flavor and quality?
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
37. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
cinnamic acid
tannins
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
75 - 85%
38. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
20% - 40%
Air conditioning
39. What is thermo-vinification?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
72 - 82 degrees F
60% free run; 65% press run
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
40. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
10 - 14 degrees C
Total acidity
contributes to bouquet
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
41. What type of climate zone produces grapes that are high in acid?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
cool regions
Very early morning until noon
42. What are the objectives of fining?
color - tannin and body
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
Free run
43. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
< 50 degrees F
total acidity & ph
quercus suber
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
44. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
Very early morning until noon
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
45. Phenolic extraction is greatest at low or high must temperatures?
high
Chateau and Export
Hard-veggie or green flavor
10 - 13%
46. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
Free run
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
47. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
oxidation
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
Chateau and Export
48. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
Lactic
tannins
clarify and aerate
up to 24 hours
49. What function does a capsule serve?
pigments - tannins - acidity
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Light - medium and heavy
clears juice from its lees
50. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
cloudiness & settling of particles
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging