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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the purpose of racking wine?
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
pigment
17 - 20 degrees C
30 degrees C
2. Cold stabilization removes what acid in must?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
tartaric
quercus suber
3. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
damage to berries is minimal
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
breaks skin's tissue
color - tannin and body
4. What are the goals of oak aging wine?
Light - medium and heavy
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
2mm inside wood's surface
5. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
acid adjustment
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
6. Pumping-over or pushing down the cap is used to extract what from the skins in red wine making?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
color & tannin extraction
7. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
60% free run; 65% press run
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
8. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?
9. What are the two ways that late harvest grapes concentrate sugar?
72 - 82 degrees F
drying grapes - noble rot
Leuconostoc-oenus
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
10. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
batch & continuous
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
high
11. What by-products of fermentation - in addition to alcohol - have a major impact on a wines flavor and quality?
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
total acidity (concentration of acids)
12. At what time should leaf removal occur to keep berry clusters from being over-shadowed?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
Light - medium and heavy
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
13. What two countries represent at least 70% of cork production?
Portugal and Spain
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
cinnamic acid
14. Blending is a term used to describe a variety of different processes. What are four different ways a wine can be blended?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
30 degrees C
60% free run; 70% press run
15. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
60% free run; 70% press run
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Citric
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
16. What negative flavors can be found in wines that weren't sufficiently de-stemmed?
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
7 - 10 years
pectins
Hard-veggie or green flavor
17. Flavors in wine are basically derived from what acid?
tartaric - malic - citric
3
damage to berries is minimal
cinnamic acid
18. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
contributes to bouquet
Muscat
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
19. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
surface of interior walls
tartaric - malic - citric
72 - 82 degrees F
cane sugar / grape concentrate
20. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
10 - 14 degrees C
drying grapes - noble rot
surplus & deficiency
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
21. Define lees.
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
breaks skin's tissue
contributes to bouquet
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
22. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "short contact" occurs?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
1 - 4 hours
drying grapes - noble rot
23. What are the extracted compounds from oak?
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
non-flavonoid phenols
pigment
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
24. What is a major advantage and disadvantage to mechanical harvesting?
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
2mm inside wood's surface
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
25. What is the purpose of the crush?
Break skins to allow release of juice
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
Total acidity
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
26. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
beginning of fermentation
acid adjustment
Light - medium and heavy
27. The higher compound levels from the press run are related to what action during the making of the press run?
at least a month before harvest
blending
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
concrete - iron
28. What family of grapes can typically develop bitterness if there is skin contact?
Acetic acid
Muscat
Pressing whole cluster
color & tannin extraction
29. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
10 - 14 degrees C
Free run
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
30. Maximum color and tannin extraction will typically occur in how many days during the fermentation of red wine?
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
9
Fruit set - Verasion
Chardonnay
31. What type of climate zone produces grapes that are high in acid?
cool regions
'green' - 'leafy'
at least a month before harvest
Acetic acid
32. Phenolic extraction is greatest at low or high must temperatures?
Separate stems from must
high
46 -57 degrees F
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
33. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
Citric
cloudiness & settling of particles
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
9
34. For how many years can compounds be extracted from a barrel?
color - tannin and body
Lactic
7 - 10 years
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
35. What are the objectives of fining?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
30 degrees C
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
36. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
concrete - iron
Traditional and Export
total acidity & ph
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
37. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
cool regions
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
tannins
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
38. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
7 - 10 years
30 -40 years
Traditional and Export
Citric
39. What group of compounds give wine color?
tartaric
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
total acidity (concentration of acids)
40. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
no time in loading & discharging
clarify and aerate
41. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
concrete - iron
42. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
4 tons per acre
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
43. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
clarify and aerate
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
44. What are the two types of acidity problems commonly found in wine?
surplus & deficiency
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
Traditional and Export
45. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
10 - 14 degrees C
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
total acidity & ph
46. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
7 - 10 years
75 - 85%
total acidity (concentration of acids)
47. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "long contact" occurs?
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Hard-veggie or green flavor
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
up to 24 hours
48. When is the best time of day to hand harvest?
Very early morning until noon
Tartaric and Malic
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
9
49. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
surface of interior walls
cane sugar / grape concentrate
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
50. What are five common fining agents used in wine making?
Traditional and Export
Free run
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP