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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
beginning of fermentation
pectins
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
2. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
3
60% free run; 65% press run
breaks skin's tissue
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
3. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
tannins
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
concrete - iron
4. What is the purpose of a lees filter?
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
drying grapes - noble rot
total acidity & ph
clears juice from its lees
5. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
color - tannin and body
Muscat
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
6. Theoretically - how many degrees can a fermentation rise during fermentation?
Citric
30 degrees C
10 - 13%
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
7. What term is used to describe the absorption of oxygen that is common in white wine making?
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
pigment
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
oxidation
8. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
Separate stems from must
9. Name three of the most common methods for stopping fermentation or to allow for later re-fermentation.
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
tannins
46 -57 degrees F
10. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
Citric
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
60% free run; 70% press run
10 - 14 degrees C
11. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
Chardonnay
surplus & deficiency
tartaric - malic - citric
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
12. Flavors in wine are basically derived from what acid?
clears juice from its lees
cinnamic acid
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
surface of interior walls
13. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Glucose and Fructose
saccharomyces
14. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
pectins
Traditional and Export
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
Citric
15. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
Chardonnay
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Chateau and Export
10 - 13%
16. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
up to 24 hours
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
20% - 40%
17. What fractions of grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making white wine?
high
oxidation
60% free run; 70% press run
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
18. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
Traditional and Export
7 - 10 years
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
19. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
20. Define lees.
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
21. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
surface of interior walls
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
22. What are the two types of acidity problems commonly found in wine?
9
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
surplus & deficiency
23. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
inhibits
7 - 10 years
Leuconostoc-oenus
24. Pumping-over or pushing down the cap is used to extract what from the skins in red wine making?
2mm inside wood's surface
10 - 14 degrees C
Very early morning until noon
color & tannin extraction
25. What are the primary advantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
Leuconostoc-oenus
60% free run; 65% press run
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
no time in loading & discharging
26. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
Free run
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
40 -45 years
27. What are the main acids in grapes?
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
Tartaric and Malic
pigments - tannins - acidity
oxidation
28. What are common techniques to reduce the acidity of must?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
blending
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
29. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
< 50 degrees F
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
total acidity & ph
Lactic
30. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
Free run
Fruit set - Verasion
72 - 82 degrees F
31. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
85 - 90%
Pressing whole cluster
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
32. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
contributes to bouquet
30 degrees C
Muscat
chaptalization
33. High acid concentrations in fruit are usually caused by what common occurrence?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
Citric
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
34. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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35. What is the purpose of de-stemming?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
Separate stems from must
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Total acidity
36. What are the most common reasons for a stuck fermentation?
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
quercus suber
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
20% - 40%
37. If the Brix measurement is 24B and the desnsity is 1.12 - what is the % of alcohol if the wine is fermented completely?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
38. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
30 -40 years
Chardonnay
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
at least a month before harvest
39. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
pigments - tannins - acidity
saccharomyces bayamus
40. What is thermo-vinification?
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
color & tannin extraction
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
41. What are three types of toasting?
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
Light - medium and heavy
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
42. What two countries represent at least 70% of cork production?
oxidation
Portugal and Spain
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
43. Any unfermented sugar in wine is a cause for chemical instability - what are methods to control or preserve wine from refermentation?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
44. What are the three most common still wine bottle shapes used today?
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
at least a month before harvest
pigments - tannins - acidity
total acidity (concentration of acids)
45. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
color - tannin and body
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
46. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
at least a month before harvest
Separate stems from must
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
no time in loading & discharging
47. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "short contact" occurs?
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
acid adjustment
1 - 4 hours
48. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
49. What is the preferred temperature range for white wine making?
10 - 14 degrees C
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
pigment
46 -57 degrees F
50. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
46 -57 degrees F
saccharomyces
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration