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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
30 degrees C
Air conditioning
60% free run; 65% press run
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
2. What type of climate zone produces grapes that are high in acid?
clears juice from its lees
batch & continuous
cool regions
cinnamic acid
3. High acid concentrations in fruit are usually caused by what common occurrence?
40 -45 years
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
4. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
chaptalization
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Leuconostoc-oenus
7 - 10 years
5. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
Carbonic maceration
Glucose and Fructose
7 - 10 years
Very early morning until noon
6. What are common techniques to reduce the acidity of must?
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
Total acidity
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
7. What are the two types of acidity problems commonly found in wine?
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
contributes to bouquet
Muscat
surplus & deficiency
8. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
at least a month before harvest
Light - medium and heavy
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
30 -40 years
9. Why is SO2 (sulfor dioxide) added to wine in modern winemaking?
'green' - 'leafy'
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
pectins
10. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
Free run
total acidity (concentration of acids)
batch & continuous
11. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
color - tannin and body
30 degrees C
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
12. The acidic (sour) taste in wine is most dependent on which acidity paramater?
Separate stems from must
pigments - tannins - acidity
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
Total acidity
13. What two countries represent at least 70% of cork production?
'green' - 'leafy'
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
Portugal and Spain
14. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
total acidity & ph
tannins
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
Chateau and Export
15. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
Portugal and Spain
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Chardonnay
16. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
Separate stems from must
color & tannin extraction
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
17. What is the best method to reduce the acidity of must?
1 - 4 hours
blending
color & tannin extraction
Carbonic maceration
18. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
batch & continuous
40 -45 years
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
19. After the first harvest - how often can the bark be stripped from the oak trees?
9 - 10 years
damage to berries is minimal
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Carbonic maceration
20. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
10 - 14 degrees C
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Carbonic maceration
85 - 90%
21. What are the primary disadvantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
22. What are the two keys stages of berry development?
85 - 90%
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Chardonnay
Fruit set - Verasion
23. What are the objectives of fining?
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
Hard-veggie or green flavor
batch & continuous
4 tons per acre
24. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging above 60% RH?
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
pectins
Air conditioning
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
25. Theoretically - how many degrees can a fermentation rise during fermentation?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
30 degrees C
contributes to bouquet
Muscat
26. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
Acetic acid
at least a month before harvest
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
saccharomyces
27. What are 3 methods to control temperature in wine making?
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
pigment
beginning of fermentation
28. What function does a capsule serve?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
cloudiness & settling of particles
blending
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
29. Blending is a term used to describe a variety of different processes. What are four different ways a wine can be blended?
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
clears juice from its lees
quercus suber
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
30. Maximum color and tannin extraction will typically occur in how many days during the fermentation of red wine?
Portugal and Spain
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
9
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
31. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
Chateau and Export
32. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
7 - 10 years
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Fruit set - Verasion
72 - 82 degrees F
33. Define lees.
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
cloudiness & settling of particles
quercus suber
Free run
34. What are the goals of oak aging wine?
85 - 90%
beginning of fermentation
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
30 -40 years
35. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
drying grapes - noble rot
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
20% - 40%
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
36. What acid usually is detected in the evolution or finish of a wine that has a slightly bitter taste and aids in swallowing food?
17 - 20 degrees C
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
damage to berries is minimal
Lactic
37. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
< 50 degrees F
at least a month before harvest
color - tannin and body
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
38. What is the minimum temp for MLF to occur?
acid adjustment
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
9 - 10 years
17 - 20 degrees C
39. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
cloudiness & settling of particles
75 - 85%
Chardonnay
7 - 10 years
40. What is the preferred temperature range for white wine making?
Tartaric and Malic
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
46 -57 degrees F
Very early morning until noon
41. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
tannins
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
1 - 4 hours
42. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
Very early morning until noon
3
total acidity & ph
43. What are three kinds of batch presses that have historically been used in wine production?
10 - 13%
tannins
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
44. Below what temperature F should white wine must be kept to avoid the absorption of oxygen?
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
< 50 degrees F
85 - 90%
45. What group of compounds give wine color?
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
concrete - iron
7 - 10 years
quercus suber
46. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
47. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
up to 24 hours
Air conditioning
quercus suber
Hard-veggie or green flavor
48. What yeast will remain active at high alcohol levels?
saccharomyces bayamus
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
contributes to bouquet
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
49. Cold stabilization removes what acid in must?
tartaric
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
9 - 10 years
total acidity & ph
50. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact