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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the desirable bacteria genus for starting MLF in wine?
2mm inside wood's surface
Leuconostoc-oenus
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
Free run
2. What function does a capsule serve?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Total acidity
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
3. What are the main French oak regions?
17 - 20 degrees C
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
30 degrees C
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
4. What chemical structure is responsible for the "dry" feeling - or astringency of red wine?
clarify and aerate
30 -40 years
Chateau and Export
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
5. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
Air conditioning
concrete - iron
total acidity & ph
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
6. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
color & tannin extraction
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
damage to berries is minimal
pigment
7. What is the purpose of de-stemming?
pigments - tannins - acidity
Separate stems from must
Carbonic maceration
cinnamic acid
8. What are five common fining agents used in wine making?
7 - 10 years
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
2mm inside wood's surface
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
9. What are the two keys stages of berry development?
9 - 10 years
surface of interior walls
Fruit set - Verasion
pigments - tannins - acidity
10. What are the primary advantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
non-flavonoid phenols
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
1 - 4 hours
no time in loading & discharging
11. What acid should not be used to correct acid deficiencies if a MLF is planned?
Citric
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
17 - 20 degrees C
cloudiness & settling of particles
12. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
30 -40 years
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
Leuconostoc-oenus
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
13. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
60% free run; 70% press run
cane sugar / grape concentrate
10 - 13%
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
14. What is a major by-product of MLF?
up to 24 hours
quercus suber
Acetic acid
Chardonnay
15. Maximum color and tannin extraction will typically occur in how many days during the fermentation of red wine?
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
9
60% free run; 65% press run
16. What is the most practical and most frequent method of correcting acidity in wine?
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
acid adjustment
clears juice from its lees
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
17. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
high
damage to berries is minimal
3
Leuconostoc-oenus
18. If the Brix measurement is 24B and the desnsity is 1.12 - what is the % of alcohol if the wine is fermented completely?
pigments - tannins - acidity
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
19. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
acid adjustment
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
20. Which are more easily extracted during fermentation - pigment or tannins?
pigment
cinnamic acid
clears juice from its lees
tartaric - malic - citric
21. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
chaptalization
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
10 - 13%
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
22. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
at least a month before harvest
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
batch & continuous
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
23. What yeast will remain active at high alcohol levels?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
saccharomyces bayamus
color - tannin and body
Tartaric and Malic
24. What group of compounds give wine color?
up to 24 hours
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
25. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
tannins
Portugal and Spain
Separate stems from must
Citric
26. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
saccharomyces
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
27. What are the major techniques used for acid correction when it is deficient?
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
blending
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
28. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Citric
72 - 82 degrees F
29. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
Light - medium and heavy
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
cloudiness & settling of particles
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
30. What grapes are commonly used in a flute/Alsace bottle?
10 - 13%
cool regions
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
31. What are common techniques to reduce the acidity of must?
1 - 4 hours
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
32. What is the preferred temperature range for white wine making?
Light - medium and heavy
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
7 - 10 years
46 -57 degrees F
33. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?
34. What acid usually is detected in the evolution or finish of a wine that has a slightly bitter taste and aids in swallowing food?
60% free run; 65% press run
cinnamic acid
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
Lactic
35. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
60% free run; 65% press run
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
20% - 40%
36. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
20% - 40%
high
pigments - tannins - acidity
40 -45 years
37. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging above 60% RH?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
46 -57 degrees F
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
38. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
cane sugar / grape concentrate
75 - 85%
20% - 40%
39. Name three components that are higher in the press run than the free run.
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
Acetic acid
pigments - tannins - acidity
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
40. What are the goals of oak aging wine?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
at least a month before harvest
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
41. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Break skins to allow release of juice
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
Air conditioning
42. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
tartaric
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
3
43. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
44. What are the three most common still wine bottle shapes used today?
Traditional and Export
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
45. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
46. Why is SO2 (sulfor dioxide) added to wine in modern winemaking?
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
< 50 degrees F
47. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Break skins to allow release of juice
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
48. What are the names of the main barrel shapes?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Muscat
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
49. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
Glucose and Fructose
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
50. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
color - tannin and body
< 50 degrees F
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
10 - 13%