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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
Hard-veggie or green flavor
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Chardonnay
60% free run; 65% press run
2. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
Pressing whole cluster
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
3. What grapes are commonly used in a Bordeaux bottle?
quercus suber
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
beginning of fermentation
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
4. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
7 - 10 years
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
5. Why is SO2 (sulfor dioxide) added to wine in modern winemaking?
9
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
2mm inside wood's surface
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
6. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
60% free run; 70% press run
tannins
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
40 -45 years
7. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
color & tannin extraction
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
< 50 degrees F
cane sugar / grape concentrate
8. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?
9. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
cinnamic acid
pectins
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
tannins
10. What are the major techniques used for acid correction when it is deficient?
30 degrees C
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
11. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
17 - 20 degrees C
12. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
Chateau and Export
'green' - 'leafy'
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
75 - 85%
13. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
high
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
10 - 13%
14. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
pigment
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
10 - 13%
2mm inside wood's surface
15. What is the oak used in cork production?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
quercus suber
16. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
72 - 82 degrees F
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
17. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
contributes to bouquet
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
30 -40 years
18. What is the desirable bacteria genus for starting MLF in wine?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
Total acidity
3
Leuconostoc-oenus
19. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "long contact" occurs?
Total acidity
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
up to 24 hours
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
20. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Separate stems from must
Air conditioning
at least a month before harvest
21. What is thermo-vinification?
damage to berries is minimal
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
22. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
Muscat
75 - 85%
40 -45 years
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
23. Which are more easily extracted during fermentation - pigment or tannins?
pigments - tannins - acidity
20% - 40%
no time in loading & discharging
pigment
24. What are the four types of skin contact that occur in red wine making?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
25. What are the two major categories into which wine presses are grouped?
Chardonnay
non-flavonoid phenols
60% free run; 65% press run
batch & continuous
26. What are the two types of acidity problems commonly found in wine?
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
'green' - 'leafy'
surplus & deficiency
pigment
27. What yeast will remain active at high alcohol levels?
17 - 20 degrees C
Lactic
Break skins to allow release of juice
saccharomyces bayamus
28. What negative flavors can be found in wines that weren't sufficiently de-stemmed?
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Hard-veggie or green flavor
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
total acidity (concentration of acids)
29. What media conditions control yeast growth?
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
contributes to bouquet
1 - 4 hours
30. What is the depth of toasting when it is a heavy toast?
31. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
20% - 40%
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
Fruit set - Verasion
saccharomyces
32. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
damage to berries is minimal
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
33. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
< 50 degrees F
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
Separate stems from must
inhibits
34. What is the major advantage of hand harvesting over mechanical harvesting?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
damage to berries is minimal
35. What function does a capsule serve?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
breaks skin's tissue
Chateau and Export
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
36. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
Free run
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
37. What is the purpose of the crush?
Break skins to allow release of juice
72 - 82 degrees F
Free run
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
38. What two countries represent at least 70% of cork production?
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
Portugal and Spain
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
39. The acidic (sour) taste in wine is most dependent on which acidity paramater?
beginning of fermentation
Total acidity
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
chaptalization
40. What is the purpose of racking wine?
breaks skin's tissue
quercus suber
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
Total acidity
41. What are the three most common still wine bottle shapes used today?
batch & continuous
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
drying grapes - noble rot
inhibits
42. What chemical structure is responsible for the "dry" feeling - or astringency of red wine?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
color - tannin and body
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
43. What are the objectives of fining?
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
Glucose and Fructose
breaks skin's tissue
4 tons per acre
44. The higher compound levels from the press run are related to what action during the making of the press run?
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
45. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
breaks skin's tissue
46. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
9 - 10 years
Chardonnay
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
up to 24 hours
47. Below what temperature F should white wine must be kept to avoid the absorption of oxygen?
saccharomyces
blending
< 50 degrees F
Glucose and Fructose
48. What are five common fining agents used in wine making?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
9 - 10 years
49. What is the minimum temp for MLF to occur?
clarify and aerate
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
1 - 4 hours
17 - 20 degrees C
50. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
tartaric - malic - citric
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
total acidity & ph