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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the purpose of de-stemming?
Separate stems from must
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
Glucose and Fructose
Total acidity
2. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
Leuconostoc-oenus
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
Pressing whole cluster
color - tannin and body
3. What are the acids most commonly used to correct the problem if there is insufficient acid in the must?
tartaric - malic - citric
Chardonnay
damage to berries is minimal
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
4. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
cloudiness & settling of particles
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
pectins
5. What type of climate zone produces grapes that are high in acid?
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
no time in loading & discharging
cool regions
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
6. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
Fruit set - Verasion
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
at least a month before harvest
20% - 40%
7. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
surface of interior walls
Light - medium and heavy
saccharomyces bayamus
tartaric
8. Why is SO2 (sulfor dioxide) added to wine in modern winemaking?
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
total acidity & ph
9. What is the impact of high sugar concentrations (in the 30 - 40B range) during fermentation?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
drying grapes - noble rot
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
10. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
non-flavonoid phenols
pectins
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
11. Maximum color and tannin extraction will typically occur in how many days during the fermentation of red wine?
saccharomyces bayamus
contributes to bouquet
9
pectins
12. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
9 - 10 years
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
cloudiness & settling of particles
tartaric
13. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
Light - medium and heavy
inhibits
Air conditioning
clears juice from its lees
14. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
Total acidity
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Lactic
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
15. What are the names of the main barrel shapes?
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
16. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
40 -45 years
concrete - iron
20% - 40%
high
17. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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18. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
Fruit set - Verasion
quercus suber
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
19. What family of grapes can typically develop bitterness if there is skin contact?
Free run
Light - medium and heavy
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Muscat
20. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging above 60% RH?
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
batch & continuous
10 - 13%
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
21. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
total acidity & ph
Chateau and Export
chaptalization
22. Below what temperature F should white wine must be kept to avoid the absorption of oxygen?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
< 50 degrees F
23. What term is used to describe the absorption of oxygen that is common in white wine making?
oxidation
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
cloudiness & settling of particles
at least a month before harvest
24. What are the three most common still wine bottle shapes used today?
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
9
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
25. What is the normal starting temperature for red wine must to start fermentation?
Portugal and Spain
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
quercus suber
oxidation
26. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
acid adjustment
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
60% free run; 65% press run
total acidity (concentration of acids)
27. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
20% - 40%
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
surface of interior walls
28. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
1 - 4 hours
10 - 13%
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
29. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
30 degrees C
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
inhibits
30. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
Separate stems from must
Free run
up to 24 hours
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
31. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
10 - 14 degrees C
Light - medium and heavy
32. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
33. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
Pressing whole cluster
75 - 85%
Fruit set - Verasion
34. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
40 -45 years
total acidity & ph
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
Light - medium and heavy
35. Cold stabilization removes what acid in must?
'green' - 'leafy'
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
tartaric
3
36. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
chaptalization
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
37. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
Lactic
Traditional and Export
38. What is the oak used in cork production?
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
color - tannin and body
quercus suber
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
39. Blending is used in order to achieve what goals?
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
7 - 10 years
clarify and aerate
40. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
color - tannin and body
30 -40 years
41. For how many years can compounds be extracted from a barrel?
7 - 10 years
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
total acidity & ph
Hard-veggie or green flavor
42. Phenolic extraction is greatest at low or high must temperatures?
Lactic
Very early morning until noon
high
4 tons per acre
43. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
tannins
7 - 10 years
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
blending
44. In what grape is some skin contact almost always used during white wine making?
Chardonnay
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
Tartaric and Malic
< 50 degrees F
45. Theoretically - how many degrees can a fermentation rise during fermentation?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
surface of interior walls
Muscat
30 degrees C
46. What is the most practical and most frequent method of correcting acidity in wine?
acid adjustment
9
no time in loading & discharging
Lactic
47. What is the purpose of racking wine?
Portugal and Spain
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
48. SO2 is added to barrel maintenance in order to protect it against what two agents?
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
inhibits
pigment
49. What is the purpose of a lees filter?
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
acid adjustment
cool regions
clears juice from its lees
50. What are the primary advantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
no time in loading & discharging
'green' - 'leafy'
7 - 10 years
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing