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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
saccharomyces bayamus
10 - 13%
2. For how many years can compounds be extracted from a barrel?
Chateau and Export
7 - 10 years
total acidity (concentration of acids)
quercus suber
3. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Chateau and Export
40 -45 years
Pressing whole cluster
4. What is the most practical and most frequent method of correcting acidity in wine?
acid adjustment
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
chaptalization
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
5. What type of climate zone produces grapes that are high in acid?
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
Chardonnay
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
cool regions
6. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
Chardonnay
acid adjustment
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
72 - 82 degrees F
7. What are the main French oak regions?
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
Air conditioning
Chateau and Export
Fruit set - Verasion
8. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
clarify and aerate
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
1 - 4 hours
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
9. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
Chateau and Export
Carbonic maceration
cinnamic acid
10. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
Free run
Separate stems from must
Citric
cloudiness & settling of particles
11. What media conditions control yeast growth?
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
pigments - tannins - acidity
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
30 -40 years
12. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
9 - 10 years
Free run
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
13. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
pigment
up to 24 hours
14. What is the overall weight composition of grape clusters?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
Tartaric and Malic
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
9 - 10 years
15. Fermented free run is what % of the total wine volume?
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
surface of interior walls
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
85 - 90%
16. What is the desirable bacteria genus for starting MLF in wine?
Leuconostoc-oenus
2mm inside wood's surface
oxidation
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
17. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
saccharomyces
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
10 - 13%
18. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
beginning of fermentation
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
19. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
Hard-veggie or green flavor
60% free run; 65% press run
Separate stems from must
clears juice from its lees
20. Theoretically - how many degrees can a fermentation rise during fermentation?
30 degrees C
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
10 - 13%
21. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Muscat
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
contributes to bouquet
22. What term is used to describe the absorption of oxygen that is common in white wine making?
85 - 90%
oxidation
40 -45 years
cinnamic acid
23. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
30 -40 years
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
surface of interior walls
24. The higher compound levels from the press run are related to what action during the making of the press run?
surplus & deficiency
Chardonnay
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
25. What are the two ways that late harvest grapes concentrate sugar?
drying grapes - noble rot
72 - 82 degrees F
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
26. What is the normal starting temperature for red wine must to start fermentation?
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
20% - 40%
7 - 10 years
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
27. What are the two keys stages of berry development?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
damage to berries is minimal
Fruit set - Verasion
28. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
Free run
Fruit set - Verasion
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
29. SO2 is added to barrel maintenance in order to protect it against what two agents?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
Tartaric and Malic
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
30. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
color & tannin extraction
Light - medium and heavy
Chardonnay
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
31. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
< 50 degrees F
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
Hard-veggie or green flavor
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
32. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
concrete - iron
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
33. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
75 - 85%
'green' - 'leafy'
40 -45 years
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
34. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
beginning of fermentation
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
46 -57 degrees F
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
35. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
Citric
Traditional and Export
Separate stems from must
36. What function does a capsule serve?
Light - medium and heavy
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
37. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Free run
cool regions
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
38. What is the best method to reduce the acidity of must?
blending
quercus suber
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Total acidity
39. What is the major advantage of hand harvesting over mechanical harvesting?
Lactic
Muscat
damage to berries is minimal
40 -45 years
40. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
20% - 40%
41. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
Tartaric and Malic
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
Air conditioning
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
42. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
Glucose and Fructose
'green' - 'leafy'
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
9 - 10 years
43. What are the names of the main barrel shapes?
at least a month before harvest
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Free run
44. Cold stabilization removes what acid in must?
17 - 20 degrees C
Chateau and Export
clears juice from its lees
tartaric
45. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
Chardonnay
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
46. What are five common fining agents used in wine making?
Acetic acid
color - tannin and body
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
47. What are the most common reasons for a stuck fermentation?
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
Hard-veggie or green flavor
total acidity (concentration of acids)
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
48. What are the primary disadvantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
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49. What is the purpose of a lees filter?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
Air conditioning
clears juice from its lees
color & tannin extraction
50. Blending is used in order to achieve what goals?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)