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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How does the production of late harvest wine differ from normal still wine?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
Fruit set - Verasion
2. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
inhibits
10 - 14 degrees C
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
3. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
Carbonic maceration
cane sugar / grape concentrate
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
Citric
4. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
Chardonnay
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
5. What 3 major components of wine are stored in skin of the grapes? These compounds are correctly called what?
blending
7 - 10 years
breaks skin's tissue
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
6. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
Free run
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
pigment
breaks skin's tissue
7. What are three types of toasting?
up to 24 hours
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
Light - medium and heavy
Chardonnay
8. What are the names of the main barrel shapes?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Chardonnay
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
Total acidity
9. What is the purpose of the crush?
color - tannin and body
3
saccharomyces bayamus
Break skins to allow release of juice
10. What grapes are commonly used in a Bordeaux bottle?
pectins
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
surface of interior walls
color - tannin and body
11. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
contributes to bouquet
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
12. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
inhibits
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
13. What are the two types of acidity problems commonly found in wine?
Break skins to allow release of juice
surplus & deficiency
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Total acidity
14. What by-products of fermentation - in addition to alcohol - have a major impact on a wines flavor and quality?
color & tannin extraction
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
quercus suber
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
15. What is the impact of high sugar concentrations (in the 30 - 40B range) during fermentation?
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
concrete - iron
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
16. What are the acids most commonly used to correct the problem if there is insufficient acid in the must?
'green' - 'leafy'
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
tartaric - malic - citric
Acetic acid
17. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "short contact" occurs?
2mm inside wood's surface
batch & continuous
1 - 4 hours
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
18. The higher compound levels from the press run are related to what action during the making of the press run?
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
19. What two countries represent at least 70% of cork production?
Chardonnay
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Portugal and Spain
total acidity (concentration of acids)
20. At what time should leaf removal occur to keep berry clusters from being over-shadowed?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
concrete - iron
10 - 14 degrees C
oxidation
21. When is the best time of day to hand harvest?
Very early morning until noon
Break skins to allow release of juice
30 -40 years
tannins
22. Below what temperature F should white wine must be kept to avoid the absorption of oxygen?
Acetic acid
< 50 degrees F
oxidation
4 tons per acre
23. What is the overall weight composition of grape clusters?
1 - 4 hours
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
Portugal and Spain
24. What are five common fining agents used in wine making?
17 - 20 degrees C
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
25. What family of grapes can typically develop bitterness if there is skin contact?
Muscat
Traditional and Export
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
surplus & deficiency
26. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
Leuconostoc-oenus
inhibits
saccharomyces
blending
27. What media conditions control yeast growth?
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
60% free run; 70% press run
Free run
'green' - 'leafy'
28. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
clears juice from its lees
85 - 90%
7 - 10 years
29. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
Citric
Glucose and Fructose
20% - 40%
60% free run; 70% press run
30. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
60% free run; 70% press run
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
75 - 85%
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
31. After the first harvest - how often can the bark be stripped from the oak trees?
Citric
Free run
9 - 10 years
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
32. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
72 - 82 degrees F
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
Tartaric and Malic
33. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
total acidity (concentration of acids)
Light - medium and heavy
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
34. What are the main French oak regions?
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
17 - 20 degrees C
35. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
36. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
< 50 degrees F
37. In what grape is some skin contact almost always used during white wine making?
Chardonnay
saccharomyces bayamus
concrete - iron
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
38. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
17 - 20 degrees C
39. What is tonnage per acre that is the break-even point for doing mechanical harvesting?
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
4 tons per acre
40. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
Citric
Glucose and Fructose
41. What group of compounds give wine color?
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
9 - 10 years
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
Lactic
42. Any unfermented sugar in wine is a cause for chemical instability - what are methods to control or preserve wine from refermentation?
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
1 - 4 hours
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
43. SO2 is added to barrel maintenance in order to protect it against what two agents?
total acidity (concentration of acids)
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
non-flavonoid phenols
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
44. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Free run
at least a month before harvest
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
45. Flavors in wine are basically derived from what acid?
Light - medium and heavy
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
cinnamic acid
Air conditioning
46. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
10 - 14 degrees C
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
10 - 13%
47. What chemical structure is responsible for the "dry" feeling - or astringency of red wine?
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
high
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
48. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
saccharomyces
Pressing whole cluster
Glucose and Fructose
Free run
49. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
50. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?