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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
pigment
75 - 85%
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
contributes to bouquet
2. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
Hard-veggie or green flavor
Fruit set - Verasion
damage to berries is minimal
cane sugar / grape concentrate
3. Below what temperature F should white wine must be kept to avoid the absorption of oxygen?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
Citric
cane sugar / grape concentrate
< 50 degrees F
4. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
20% - 40%
blending
Carbonic maceration
5. Blending is a term used to describe a variety of different processes. What are four different ways a wine can be blended?
40 -45 years
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
surface of interior walls
6. What is the minimum starting temperature for white wine must to start fermentation?
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
total acidity (concentration of acids)
10 - 14 degrees C
2mm inside wood's surface
7. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
acid adjustment
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
Pressing whole cluster
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
8. What yeast will remain active at high alcohol levels?
Carbonic maceration
Tartaric and Malic
46 -57 degrees F
saccharomyces bayamus
9. What two countries represent at least 70% of cork production?
Tartaric and Malic
pigment
contributes to bouquet
Portugal and Spain
10. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
batch & continuous
surface of interior walls
cinnamic acid
11. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
30 -40 years
batch & continuous
Portugal and Spain
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
12. What are the two keys stages of berry development?
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
3
Fruit set - Verasion
total acidity & ph
13. What are 3 methods to control temperature in wine making?
17 - 20 degrees C
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
at least a month before harvest
surface of interior walls
14. What group of compounds give wine color?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
60% free run; 65% press run
breaks skin's tissue
15. SO2 is added to barrel maintenance in order to protect it against what two agents?
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
saccharomyces bayamus
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
up to 24 hours
16. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
Separate stems from must
oxidation
7 - 10 years
color - tannin and body
17. What is a major by-product of MLF?
surplus & deficiency
46 -57 degrees F
Break skins to allow release of juice
Acetic acid
18. What is thermo-vinification?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
19. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
40 -45 years
60% free run; 65% press run
30 degrees C
20% - 40%
20. What acid should not be used to correct acid deficiencies if a MLF is planned?
Citric
saccharomyces bayamus
Free run
< 50 degrees F
21. What is the purpose of the crush?
Break skins to allow release of juice
Air conditioning
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
tartaric - malic - citric
22. What are the two types of acidity problems commonly found in wine?
surplus & deficiency
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Total acidity
Citric
23. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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24. What are the common practices to inhibit MLF?
Air conditioning
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
25. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
2mm inside wood's surface
pectins
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
26. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
cloudiness & settling of particles
Break skins to allow release of juice
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
27. Since the fermentation of white wine is done without skins - what two methods are employed to prepare the white grape must for fermentation?
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
cloudiness & settling of particles
46 -57 degrees F
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
28. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
surplus & deficiency
85 - 90%
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
29. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
start at verasion and repeat when necessary
cloudiness & settling of particles
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
30. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
Free run
20% - 40%
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
3
31. Press run is often used in what ways to enrich a final wine?
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
10 - 13%
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
32. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
tartaric
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
33. What acid usually is detected in the evolution or finish of a wine that has a slightly bitter taste and aids in swallowing food?
quercus suber
Tartaric and Malic
breaks skin's tissue
Lactic
34. What is the preferred temperature range for red wine making?
72 - 82 degrees F
cinnamic acid
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
35. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
Portugal and Spain
Very early morning until noon
30 -40 years
saccharomyces
36. What are the extracted compounds from oak?
Leuconostoc-oenus
total acidity (concentration of acids)
non-flavonoid phenols
Traditional and Export
37. What grapes are commonly used in a flute/Alsace bottle?
tartaric - malic - citric
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
breaks skin's tissue
38. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
4 tons per acre
10 - 14 degrees C
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
39. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
clears juice from its lees
no time in loading & discharging
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
40. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
surplus & deficiency
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
41. What are the four types of skin contact that occur in red wine making?
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
contributes to bouquet
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
42. What are the main acids in grapes?
Tartaric and Malic
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
Very early morning until noon
surface of interior walls
43. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "long contact" occurs?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
up to 24 hours
Free run
44. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
beginning of fermentation
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
45. What family of grapes can typically develop bitterness if there is skin contact?
Muscat
75 - 85%
10 - 13%
Light - medium and heavy
46. The higher compound levels from the press run are related to what action during the making of the press run?
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
72 - 82 degrees F
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
color - tannin and body
47. What is the length of skin contact in white wines if "short contact" occurs?
Tartaric and Malic
damage to berries is minimal
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
1 - 4 hours
48. Pumping-over or pushing down the cap is used to extract what from the skins in red wine making?
Glucose and Fructose
color & tannin extraction
cane sugar / grape concentrate
blending
49. What grapes are commonly used in a Bordeaux bottle?
cinnamic acid
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
chaptalization
46 -57 degrees F
50. What are the three most common still wine bottle shapes used today?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
saccharomyces
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems