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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are five common fining agents used in wine making?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
Chateau and Export
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
2. What is tonnage per acre that is the break-even point for doing mechanical harvesting?
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
cane sugar / grape concentrate
4 tons per acre
30 degrees C
3. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
tartaric
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
30 -40 years
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
4. What technique is commonly used to prepare white grapes for fermentation in the production of sparkling wine?
inhibits
pressing whole cluster without destemming or crushing
Lactic
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
5. How often should long termed cellar wines be re-corked?
Very early morning until noon
30 degrees C
concrete - iron
30 -40 years
6. Which are more easily extracted during fermentation - pigment or tannins?
20% - 40%
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
pigment
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
7. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
60% free run; 65% press run
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
up to 24 hours
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
8. What is the purpose of racking wine?
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
batch & continuous
damage to berries is minimal
high
9. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
Chateau and Export
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
blending
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
10. What is the purpose of de-stemming?
Separate stems from must
saccharomyces
acid adjustment
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
11. What is the main reason for acid deficiency in must?
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
chaptalization
12. What is a major by-product of MLF?
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Acetic acid
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
13. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
Separate stems from must
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
3
saccharomyces
14. What chemical structure is responsible for the "dry" feeling - or astringency of red wine?
Hard-veggie or green flavor
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
46 -57 degrees F
tartaric - malic - citric
15. Fermented free run is what % of the total wine volume?
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
damage to berries is minimal
85 - 90%
at least a month before harvest
16. What are the objectives of fining?
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
72 - 82 degrees F
30 -40 years
17. What grapes are commonly used in a flute/Alsace bottle?
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
pectins
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
20% - 40%
18. What are the major techniques used for acid correction when it is deficient?
Traditional and Export
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
19. What by-products of fermentation - in addition to alcohol - have a major impact on a wines flavor and quality?
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
color & tannin extraction
20% - 40%
3
20. What is the oak used in cork production?
saccharomyces
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
no time in loading & discharging
quercus suber
21. Maximum color and tannin extraction will typically occur in how many days during the fermentation of red wine?
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
9
75 - 85%
22. Phenolic extraction is greatest at low or high must temperatures?
high
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Carbonic maceration
23. If an age able white wine is being produced what impact does skin contact have?
contributes to bouquet
batch & continuous
cloudiness & settling of particles
Pressing whole cluster
24. What yeast will remain active at high alcohol levels?
saccharomyces bayamus
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
concrete - iron
25. SO2 is added to barrel maintenance in order to protect it against what two agents?
30 degrees C
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
26. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
< 50 degrees F
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
chaptalization
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
27. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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28. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
Glucose and Fructose
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
concrete - iron
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
29. What is the major advantage of hand harvesting over mechanical harvesting?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
damage to berries is minimal
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
30. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
pectins
surplus & deficiency
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
31. What are the main French oak regions?
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
quercus suber
46 -57 degrees F
clears juice from its lees
32. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
total acidity (concentration of acids)
clears juice from its lees
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
33. What media conditions control yeast growth?
chaptalization
quercus suber
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
75 - 85%
34. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
46 -57 degrees F
cane sugar / grape concentrate
35. What are the extracted compounds from oak?
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
non-flavonoid phenols
color - tannin and body
46 -57 degrees F
36. What are the two types of acidity problems commonly found in wine?
Carbonic maceration
60% free run; 65% press run
contributes to bouquet
surplus & deficiency
37. What are the most common reasons for a stuck fermentation?
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
tartaric
at least a month before harvest
7 - 10 years
38. Cold stabilization removes what acid in must?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
pigments - tannins - acidity
tartaric
Chardonnay
39. After the first harvest - how often can the bark be stripped from the oak trees?
9 - 10 years
Hard-veggie or green flavor
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
40. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
9 - 10 years
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
pectins
41. What function does a capsule serve?
non-flavonoid phenols
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
Pressing whole cluster
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
42. Define lees.
22 - 30 degrees C; 72 - 86 F
cinnamic acid
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
Air conditioning
43. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
Traditional and Export
cloudiness & settling of particles
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
44. What is the best method to reduce the acidity of must?
blending
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
cool regions
tannins
45. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
Pressing whole cluster
surface of interior walls
46. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
breaks skin's tissue
inhibits
tartaric
47. What is the preferred temperature range for white wine making?
46 -57 degrees F
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
Pressing whole cluster
clarify and aerate
48. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
10 - 14 degrees C
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Fruit set - Verasion
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
49. If the Brix measurement is 24B and the desnsity is 1.12 - what is the % of alcohol if the wine is fermented completely?
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
breaks skin's tissue
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
50. At what time should irrigation be stopped if dry farming techniques are being used?
Leuconostoc-oenus
at least a month before harvest
quercus suber
cloudiness & settling of particles