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Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
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Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Wine yeasts generally belongs to what genus of yeast?
Leuconostoc-oenus
Separate stems from must
saccharomyces
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
2. Titratable acidity is better known by what name?
cloudiness & settling of particles
total acidity (concentration of acids)
cinnamic acid
color - tannin and body
3. What are the two styles of a Bordeaux barrel?
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
Chateau and Export
< 50 degrees F
4. What function does a capsule serve?
color & tannin extraction
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
pectins
46 -57 degrees F
5. Stabilization is a term used to prevent what from occurring in the bottle?
Chardonnay
clarify and aerate
cloudiness & settling of particles
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
6. What are two undesirable stereoisomers that might occur in wines if there is skin contact but unripe grapes?
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7. What occurs during racking?
clarify and aerate
drying grapes - noble rot
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Limousin - Burgundy - Allien - Troncais - and Vosges
8. Why is SO2 (sulfor dioxide) added to wine in modern winemaking?
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
tartaric
at least a month before harvest
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
9. What are 3 methods to control temperature in wine making?
'green' - 'leafy'
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
at least a month before harvest
contributes to bouquet
10. What is thermo-vinification?
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
Harvesting under ripe grapes due to viticultural difficulties - like weather
Total acidity
Air conditioning
11. Polymeric forms of anthocyanins and benzoic acid derivates are the basis for what common group of compounds in wine?
9
color & tannin extraction
tannins
cane sugar / grape concentrate
12. What is a major advantage and disadvantage to mechanical harvesting?
Portugal and Spain
60% free run; 70% press run
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
pigment
13. What is the common method of controlling the fermentation temperature when barrel fermentation is employed?
60% free run; 65% press run
Air conditioning
60% free run; 70% press run
Lack of oxygen; lack of nutrition; unviable yeast; low temp
14. What are the three most common still wine bottle shapes used today?
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
3
contributes to bouquet
15. What grapes are commonly used in a Bordeaux bottle?
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
saccharomyces
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
Glucose and Fructose
16. What are the main acids in grapes?
Break skins to allow release of juice
46 -57 degrees F
saccharomyces bayamus
Tartaric and Malic
17. What acid is commonly found in grapes that have been infected with Botrytis Cinerea?
Light - medium and heavy
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Citric
pigments - tannins - acidity
18. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
10 - 13%
cinnamic acid
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Separate stems from must
19. Maximum color and tannin extraction will typically occur in how many days during the fermentation of red wine?
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
saccharomyces bayamus
9
17 - 20 degrees C
20. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
chaptalization
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
21. What are the two styles of Burgundy barrels?
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
saccharomyces
Traditional and Export
tartaric
22. Blending is used in order to achieve what goals?
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
85 - 90%
saccharomyces
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
23. For how many years can compounds be extracted from a barrel?
7 - 10 years
Pressing whole cluster
Very early morning until noon
10 - 14 degrees C
24. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
surface of interior walls
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
color - tannin and body
'green' - 'leafy'
25. What is the depth of toasting when it is a heavy toast?
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26. Unfermented free run makes up what % of total extractable juice?
75 - 85%
color - tannin and body
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
27. What two container materials must be lined before they can be used to store wine?
surplus & deficiency
bentonite - activated carbon - gelatin - egg whites - PVPP
concrete - iron
Traditional and Export
28. Sugar is not directly converted into alcohol - how many steps are required to convert sugar to alcohol?
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
total acidity (concentration of acids)
3
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
29. What are the major techniques used for acid correction when it is deficient?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
batch & continuous
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
concrete - iron
30. What are three styles of still wine that have at least 1% RS and the range of RS in each?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
concrete - iron
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
31. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
non-flavonoid phenols
75% must; 16% skins; 4% seeds - 5% stems
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
32. What acid usually is detected in the evolution or finish of a wine that has a slightly bitter taste and aids in swallowing food?
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Carbonic maceration
Lactic
33. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
4 tons per acre
inhibits
10 - 14 degrees C
34. What happens to the sugar concentrations when Botrytis Cinerea occurs?
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
35. What is the desirable bacteria genus for starting MLF in wine?
75 - 85%
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
Leuconostoc-oenus
Chardonnay
36. What is considered the normal range of alcohol concentration in wine if all of the sugar is converted to alcohol?
Free run
10 - 13%
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Portugal and Spain
37. What are the two ways that late harvest grapes concentrate sugar?
cloudiness & settling of particles
40 -45 years
drying grapes - noble rot
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
38. What negative flavors can be found in wines that weren't sufficiently de-stemmed?
30 degrees C
Light - medium and heavy
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Hard-veggie or green flavor
39. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
at least a month before harvest
60% free run; 65% press run
Lactic
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
40. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
damage to berries is minimal
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
4 tons per acre
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
41. What are the extracted compounds from oak?
non-flavonoid phenols
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
1 - 4 hours
glycerol; methanol; succinic acid; lactic acid;
42. What are the two acidity parameters that are used to describe the acidity of must?
Break skins to allow release of juice
total acidity & ph
oxidation
early racking - early fining - sulfur-dioxide added
43. What is the purpose of the crush?
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
Break skins to allow release of juice
at least a month before harvest
46 -57 degrees F
44. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
Portugal and Spain
Yeast inhibitors - pasteurization - sterile filtration
alcohol evaporates through barrel wall more than water
Pressing whole cluster
45. Name a country in which the following measurements of sugar are used: Brix - Baum - Oechsle?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
blending
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
75 - 85%
46. Define lees.
40 -45 years
'green' - 'leafy'
chaptalization
Solid particles suspended in the must after crushing / pressing
47. What are the goals of oak aging wine?
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
Fruit set - Verasion
48. What are two types of oxidation that occur in wine making and when do they occur?
pigment
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
enzyamatic - in must before fermentation; chemical - during processing and in bottling
tannins
49. At what time should all chemical use be stopped to insure that no chemical flavors are carried into the wine?
< 50 degrees F
around the time of verasion (when the grapes change colors)
Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel - Sauvignon Blanc - Semillion - Muscat
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
50. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
batch & continuous
< 50 degrees F
Free run
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