SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Viniculture
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In what grape is some skin contact almost always used during white wine making?
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
'green' - 'leafy'
7 - 10 years
Chardonnay
2. What two countries represent at least 70% of cork production?
color & tannin extraction
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
Portugal and Spain
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds
3. What are the special characteristics of yeast that must be considered when choosing a yeast for wine making?
batch & continuous
10 - 14 degrees C
tolerance to different conditions - different by-products during fermentation; flocculation capabilities (i.e. the ability to remove sediment)
anthocyanins (flavonoid pigments found in red/purplish fruits and vegetables)
4. Name three components that are higher in the press run than the free run.
Tartaric and Malic
Total acidity
pigments - tannins - acidity
72 - 82 degrees F
5. What are the two key sugars in grapes?
1 - no contact 2 - short w/out fermentation 3 - short during fermentation 4 - long during fermentation
Glucose and Fructose
beginning of fermentation
breaks skin's tissue
6. What is the common name for a fermentation technique that does not require crushing or de-stemming?
72 - 82 degrees F
Carbonic maceration
Break skins to allow release of juice
pigment
7. After planting - how soon can the first wine cork quality bark be stripped from the tree?
color & tannin extraction
Lactic
cane sugar / grape concentrate
40 -45 years
8. Cold stabilization removes what acid in must?
clears juice from its lees
beginning of fermentation
cloudiness & settling of particles
tartaric
9. What is the depth of toasting when it is a light toast?
Carbonic maceration
surface of interior walls
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
White Riesling - Gewurtzraminer - Muscat - Sylvaner - Chenin Blanc
10. What chemical structure is responsible for the "dry" feeling - or astringency of red wine?
Acetic acid
cloudiness & settling of particles
OH (hydroxyl); tannins
protect cork from cork borers - improve bottle appearance - brand identity
11. What are the two most common sugars used to increase the sugar content of the must?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
tannins
Blended with free run - increases color - tannins - complexity
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
12. When is the best time to add sugar to the must?
no time in loading & discharging
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
beginning of fermentation
concrete - iron
13. What acid should not be used to correct acid deficiencies if a MLF is planned?
10 - 14 degrees C
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
Citric
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
14. What parameters can be corrected by blending?
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
vertical basket - horizontal and bladder press
pigments - tannins - acidity
saccharomyces
15. What is the most practical and most frequent method of correcting acidity in wine?
acid adjustment
batch & continuous
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
'green' - 'leafy'
16. What technique is commonly used to prepare Muscat or Semillon clusters for fermentation?
cloudiness & settling of particles
Pressing whole cluster
3 - 4mm inside wood's surface
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
17. What are the main acids in grapes?
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
Tartaric and Malic
Very early morning until noon
sugar concentration - temperature - alcohol concentration - nutrients - oxygen and chemicals present
18. Blending is a term used to describe a variety of different processes. What are four different ways a wine can be blended?
< 50 degrees F
Clarify / aerate wine - separate solids
'green' - 'leafy'
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
19. After the first harvest - how often can the bark be stripped from the oak trees?
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
< 50 degrees F
chaptalization
9 - 10 years
20. What are the five most common grapes used to produce late harvest wines?
protect against oxidation - protect against microbial spoilage
85 - 90%
Riesling - Guwurtztraminer - Savignon Blanc - Semillon - Hungarian Tokay
< 50 degrees F
21. What polyeric compounds tend to cause colloid coagulation in wine?
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
Free run
color - tannin and body
pectins
22. What is the purpose of a lees filter?
clears juice from its lees
Pressing whole cluster
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Leuconostoc-oenus
23. Blending is used in order to achieve what goals?
at least a month before harvest
advantage - allows picking grapes at night when temperature is low; disadvantage - major portion of skins are broken
overcoming defects - balancing the wine - enhancing complexity
1 - 4 hours
24. What is the importance of humidity in barrel aging below 60% RH?
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
7 - 10 years
damage to berries is minimal
non-flavonoid phenols
25. What is the purpose of the crush?
Break skins to allow release of juice
blending
% alcohol = 0.58 x (Brix - 2.1) x density - 0.58 x (24 - 2.1) x 1.12 = 14.22%
Traditional and Export
26. What fraction (as a percentage range) of the total must is often left with stems in the production of red wines?
20% - 40%
batch & continuous
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
27. Sugar addition is also known by what name?
chaptalization
inhibits
7 - 10 years
30 degrees C
28. What grapes are commonly used in a Burgundy bottle?
1 - 4 hours
Air conditioning
Very early morning until noon
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
29. What are the two types of acidity problems commonly found in wine?
30 -40 years
surplus & deficiency
blending
Off-dry table wines (1 - 2.5%) - sweet dessert wines (3% - 28%) - late harvest (8 - 12%)
30. Does ripeness of the fruit have any impact on skin contact in white wine?
Muscat
cooling liquid jacket around the tank; dripping cold water on outside of tank walls; air conditioned room
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
31. In general - which produces better wine - free run or press run?
clears juice from its lees
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
Free run
acidity - ph - alcohol - color - tannins - varietal aroma - freshness - fruitiness
32. What fraction if grape weight is in the free run and press run if you are making red wine?
contributes to bouquet
batch & continuous
60% free run; 65% press run
72 - 82 degrees F
33. What term is used to describe the absorption of oxygen that is common in white wine making?
72 - 82 degrees F
oxidation
Hard-veggie or green flavor
pressure level exerted and type of pressure used
34. What are five different materials used in storage containers?
4 tons per acre
pigments - tannins - acidity
Total acidity
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
35. When is the best time of day to hand harvest?
Ratio of fructose is greater than glucose
Very early morning until noon
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
Reduction of malic acid during ripening period
36. What are the primary disadvantages of a continuous press over batch presses?
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
37. What is the impact of high sugar concentrations (in the 30 - 40B range) during fermentation?
Starting might be difficult and it could stop too soon.
1 - 4 hours
Fruit set - Verasion
blend varieties - vintages of same variety - locations of same variety - lots of the same vintage
38. SO2 is added to barrel maintenance in order to protect it against what two agents?
quercus suber
beginning of fermentation
Pressing whole cluster
mold; all kinds of wine spoilage (micro-organism)
39. What is a major by-product of MLF?
Acetic acid
pre-heating grapes or must to enhance low color intensity
Lactic
color & tannin extraction
40. What are common techniques to reduce the acidity of must?
Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Petite Syrah - Gammay - Chenin Blanc
no time in loading & discharging
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
41. For how many years can compounds be extracted from a barrel?
clarify and aerate
7 - 10 years
More ripe the fruit - less time required for skin contact
46 -57 degrees F
42. The skins being removed from the production of rose wines can be added to the must of red wine - during fermentation - to enhance what characteristics of the wine?
color - tannin and body
chaptalization
Deep cooling - imposing stress on yeast - adding alcohol
cinnamic acid
43. What are two acids most commonly extracted from oak?
batch & continuous
vanillic acid and ellagic acid
Brix (US) - Baum (France) - Oechsle (Germany)
higher pressure and more cycles of pressing
44. What is the depth of toasting when it is a medium toast?
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
45. What are the major techniques used for acid correction when it is deficient?
wood - concrete - iron - plastic - stainless steel
Bordeaux - Burgundy - and Alsace
batch & continuous
blending with high acid must & ion exchanging
46. What are three types of toasting?
'green' - 'leafy'
slow oxidation; adding oak phenols
Light - medium and heavy
9 - 10 years
47. What family of grapes can typically develop bitterness if there is skin contact?
cane sugar / grape concentrate
Chateau and Export
surface of interior walls
Muscat
48. Alcohol has what impact on yeast growth?
Bordeaux - and Burgundy
inhibits
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
water evaporates through barrel more than alcohol
49. Since the fermentation of white wine is done without skins - what two methods are employed to prepare the white grape must for fermentation?
acid adjustment
Destemming / crushing followed by press or direct pressing of whole clusters
Portugal and Spain
Citric
50. What are the objectives of fining?
chemicals or blend with low acid/high ph must
surplus & deficiency
aid precipitation of suspended materials - reduce color or undesirable smells - stabilize against future cloudiness
varietal flavor - color - and tannin compounds