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CLEP Chemistry 1

Subjects : clep, science, chemistry
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. *The electrons found in the outermost shell are called _____ electrons. When these electrons are lost or partially lost through sharing - the oxidation state is assigned a positive value for the element. If valence electrons are gained or partially g






2. This is due to the way positive charges of one molecule attract the negative charges of another molecule. Compounds of the solid state that are bound mainly by this type of attractive have soft crystals - are easily deformed - and vaporize easily.






3. The relatively weak attractive forces between molecules that are apparent only when the molecules approach one another closely (usually at low temperatures and high pressure).






4. The law stating that change in internal energy is equal to the difference between the energy supplied toi the system as heat and the energy removed from the system as work performed on the surroundings.






5. The change in enthalpy of an endothermic reaction is ________.






6. This law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in mixture.






7. The temperature at which a substance's solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium.






8. The change in enthalpy of an exothermic reaction is ________.






9. *Each wave function corresponds to a certain electron energy and describes a region about the nucleus (orbital) where an electron having that energy may be found.






10. The molecules in a gas are in constant - continueous - random - and straight-line motion.






11. The average kinetic energy of all the molecules collectively is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. The average kinetic energy of equal numbers of molecules of any gas is the same at the same temperature.






12. The pressure of a gas is the result of collisions between the gas molecules and the walls of the container.






13. This process occurs when the system is maintained at the same temperature throughout an experiment.






14. In a closed system - when opposing changes are taking place at equal rates - the system is said to be in _____ _______.






15. When the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation - the system is in __________.






16. **Proceeding across a period from left to right - the ionization energy _______.






17. A chemical reaction formed from the breakdown of a compound into its individual elements or compounds.






18. Deviations from Boyles law that occur with real gases represent _______ behavior.






19. The maximum work derived from any change will be obtained only if the process is carried out in a reversible manner. All real - spontaneous changes are therefore not reversible - and the work that can be derived from an irreversible change is alway l






20. In titration - this point occurs when equal numbers of equivalents of acid and base have been reacted. The solution at this point is neutral because neither of the ions of the salt in solution undergoes hydrolysis.






21. The action of salts of weak acids or bases with water to form acidic or basic solutions.






22. The enthalpy changes associated with the reactions that correspond to the formation of a substance from its free elements are called?






23. Rays made up of electrons in basic electron charges.






24. The _____ speed up the rate of a chemical reaction but do not change the equilibrium constant - it simply speeds up the rate of approach to equilibrium.






25. If this law was strictly obeyed - gases would not condense when they are cooled. This means that gases behave in an ideal fashion only at relatively high temperatures and low pressures.






26. *The temperature affects chemical reactions with an increase of ___degrees C above room temperature - causing the reaction rate to double.






27. Another way the second law is stated is that in any spontaneous change - the amount of free energy available ______.






28. A law that states that under conditions of constant temperature and pressure - equal volumes of different gases contain equal numbers of molecules.






29. Electronegativities _______ as you go down a group.






30. _____ bonds are present in molecules containing double or triple bonds.






31. A chemical reaction where there is an actual exchange of partners to form new compounds. ex: AgNO3 + NaCl -> AgCl + NaNO3.






32. Reactions that do not occur spontaneously can be forced to take place by supplying energy with an external current.






33. Increasing the pressure on a system at equilibrium will cause a shift in the position of equilibrium in the direction of the fewest number of ______ of gaseous reactants or products.

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34. Real gases act in a less than ideal way - especially under conditions of increased pressure and/or decreased temperture. Real gas behavior approaches that of ideal gases as the gas pressure becomes very low. The ideal gas is thus considered a _____ _






35. The heat required to change 1mole of solid completely to vapor.






36. A principle stating that when a system at equilibrium is disturbed by the application of a stress (change in temperature - pressure - or concentration) it reacts to minimize the stress and attain a new equilibrium position.

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37. For a cell at concentrations and conditions other than standard - a potential can be calculated using this equation.






38. The most active metals are found in what corner of the periodic table?






39. The most active nonmetals are found in what corner of the periodic table?






40. Rays made up of positive electrodes in basic electron charges.






41. The pressure exerted by the gas molecules when they are in equilibrium with the liquid.






42. The vapor pressure increases with increasing _____.






43. Heat added to a system and work done by a system are considered _________ quantities.






44. *The hypothetical ideal gas obeys exactly the mathematical statement of the ideal gas law. This statement is also called the _____ ___ ____ of an ideal gas because it relates the variables (P - V - n - T) that specify properties of the gas.






45. A law stating that at a constant temperature - the volume of a gas in inversely proportiona to the pressure.






46. A chemical reaction formed from the union of its elements.






47. The temperature at which the pressure of vapor escaping from the liquid equals atmospheric pressure.






48. This law states that the entropy of any pure - perfect crystal at absolute zero is equal to zero.






49. In an endothermic process - energy is absorbed and ^E is _______.






50. In an exothermic process - energy is released and ^E of reaction is ________.