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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Chemistry 1
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The enthalpy changes associated with the reactions that correspond to the formation of a substance from its free elements are called?
heats of formation
adiabatic process (thermodynamics)
ideal gas
increasing
2. The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of a substance one degree celcius.
reversible reaction
heats of formation
right (Le Chatelier's principle)
heat capacity
3. *The hypothetical ideal gas obeys exactly the mathematical statement of the ideal gas law. This statement is also called the _____ ___ ____ of an ideal gas because it relates the variables (P - V - n - T) that specify properties of the gas.
decreases
equation of state
equivalent point
valence
4. A pure crystal of elemental metal consists of roughly Avogrado's number of atoms held together by ________ bonds.
metallic
zero
absorbs (in atomic spectra)
increases
5. The molecules in a gas are in constant - continueous - random - and straight-line motion.
Van der Waals
kinetic molecular theory
high
...
6. The energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom in its ground state.
Le Chatelier's principle
ionization energy
lower left corner
increases
7. When a system at equilibrium is disturbed by adding or removing one of hte substances - all the concentrations will change until a new equilibrium point is reached with the same value of Keq.
8. The pressure exerted by the gas molecules when they are in equilibrium with the liquid.
equilibrium
standard atmospheric pressure
heats of formation
vapor pressure
9. The law stating that in any spontaneous process there is an increase in the entropy of the universe.
second law of thermodynamics
heats of formation
Van der Waals
absorbs (in atomic spectra)
10. **Five factors that affect reaction rates: 1. The nature of the reactants and products. 2. The surface area exposed. 3. The concentrations. 4. The temperature. 5. The catalyst.
pressure
saturated solution
decreases
...
11. The vapor pressure increases with increasing _____.
temperature
adiabatic process (thermodynamics)
pressure
increases
12. *Each wave function corresponds to a certain electron energy and describes a region about the nucleus (orbital) where an electron having that energy may be found.
kinetic molecular theory
wave mechanical model
equivalent point
adiabatic process (thermodynamics)
13. State ________ depend only on the present state of the substance and not on the path by which the present state was attained. Enthalpy - energy - Gibbs free energy - and entropy are examples.
state functions (thermodynamics)
right (Le Chatelier's principle)
second law of thermodynamics
Le Chatelier's principle
14. The general shape of any molecule can be predicted from the number of bonding and non-bonding electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom. nonbonded pairs of electrons (lone pairs) are more repellent than bonded pairs.
catalysts
absorbs (in atomic spectra)
state functions (thermodynamics)
VSEPR
15. The temperature at which the pressure of vapor escaping from the liquid equals atmospheric pressure.
catalysts
boiling point
electromotive force (emf)/ cell
equilibrium
16. **As we proceed to the right of the table - ______-forming properties decrease and _____-forming properties increase.
base - acid
temperature
negative
Le Chatelier's principle
17. The molecules in a gas collide with one another - but the collisions are perfectly elastic (they result in no net loss of energy).
kinetic molecular theory
upper right corner
decreases
standard atmospheric pressure
18. The particular portion of the universe on which we wish to focus our attention. Everything else is called the surroundings.
system (thermodynamics)
pressure
enthalpy
change in enthalpy
19. A theory of the hydrogen atom stating that the electron can exist in only certain stable energy levels and that when the electronic state of the atom changes - it must absorb or emit exactly that amound of energy equal to the difference betweent he f
bohr model
ideal gas
melting point
electromotive force (emf)/ cell
20. _______ has very little effect on the solubility of liquids or solids in liquid solvents.
pressure
zero
Le Chatelier's principle
Raoults law
21. The maximum work derived from any change will be obtained only if the process is carried out in a reversible manner. All real - spontaneous changes are therefore not reversible - and the work that can be derived from an irreversible change is alway l
phase equilibrium
base - acid
melting point
irreversible and reversible processes
22. The solubility of gases in liquid or solid solvents always increases with ________ pressure.
heats of formation
equivalent point
...
increasing
23. For a cell at concentrations and conditions other than standard - a potential can be calculated using this equation.
emits (in atomic spectra)
double replacement/displacement
increases
Nernst equation
24. For most substances - when a hot concentrated solution is cooled - the excess solid ________. This is useful in purification of the solute.
crystallizes
absorbs (in atomic spectra)
adiabatic process (thermodynamics)
electronegativity
25. The change in enthalpy of an exothermic reaction is ________.
heats of formation
negative
melting point
positive
26. The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture is called its _____ pressure.
left - right (Le Chatelier's principle)
high
partial
electrolytic reactions
27. A catalyst lowers the ______ _____ _____ that must be overcome in order for the reaction to proceed. It merely speeds the approach to equilibrium but does not change Keq at all.
28. Rays made up of positive electrodes in basic electron charges.
positive
emits (in atomic spectra)
anode rays
negative
29. Reactions that do not occur spontaneously can be forced to take place by supplying energy with an external current.
electrolytic reactions
system (thermodynamics)
phase equilibrium
negative
30. In an endothermic process - energy is absorbed and ^E is _______.
high
positive
reversible
VSEPR
31. In titration - this point occurs when equal numbers of equivalents of acid and base have been reacted. The solution at this point is neutral because neither of the ions of the salt in solution undergoes hydrolysis.
...
boiling point
equivalent point
titration
32. A law stating that the vapor pressure of a solution at a particular temperature is equal to teh mole fraction of the solvent in the liquid phase multiplied by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent at the same temperature.
negative
Le Chatelier's principle
melting point
Raoults law
33. The process of mixing different orbitals of the same atom to form a new set of equivalent orbitals.
hybridyzation
equation of state
equivalent point
heats of formation
34. The degree of randomness of a system is represented by a thermodynamic quantity called? the greater the randomness - the greater the _______.
ionization energy
enthalpy
entropy
Van der Waals
35. This process occurs when the system is maintained at the same temperature throughout an experiment.
double replacement/displacement
valence
sublimation
isothermal process (thermodynamics)
36. When an electron moves from an excited state to the ground state - it _______ energy.
emits (in atomic spectra)
irreversible and reversible processes
vapor pressure
isothermal process (thermodynamics)
37. Because of the low intermolecular forces - the melting points are low and evaporation takes place so easily that it may occur at room temperature.
positive
freezing point depression
base - acid
Van der Waals
38. This process occurs when the system is thermally isolated so that no heat enters or leaves.
2
decreases
reversible
adiabatic process (thermodynamics)
39. In a closed system - when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal - the system is in ____ ______.
phase equilibrium
positive
heats of formation
boiling point
40. An increase in temperature causes the position of equilibrium of an exothermic reaction to be shifted to the _____ - while that of and endothermic reactions is shifted to the _______.
41. The heat change during a process carried out at a constant pressure.
equation of state
freezing point depression
valence
change in enthalpy
42. A state function in which it is the heat content of a substance.
enthalpy
pressure
combined gas law
10 degrees
43. Gases are composed of tiny - invisible molecules that are widely separated from one another in otherwise empty space.
emits (in atomic spectra)
cathode rays
valence
kinetic molecular theory
44. For a solution in which a nonvolatile solute is dissolved in a solvent - the vapor pressure is due only to the vapor of the solvent above the solution. This vapor pressure is given by _______ law.
45. When the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation - the system is in __________.
equilibrium
partial
first law of thermodynamics
kinetic molecular theory
46. _____ bonds are present in molecules containing double or triple bonds.
isopiestic process (thermodynamics)
pi bonds
electronegativity
cathode rays
47. A valence theory that permits the geometric arrangement of atoms - or groups of atoms - about some central atom to be determined solely by considering the repulsions between the electron pairs present in the valence shell of the central atom.
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR)
lower left corner
catalysts
...
48. Liquids with strong attractive forces have ______ boiling points.
base - acid
electrolytic reactions
electronegativity
high
49. A chemical reaction where one substance is displacing another. ex: Fe + CuSo4 -> FeSo4 + Cu.
combination
single replacement/displacement
activation energy
electrolytic reactions
50. Another way the second law is stated is that in any spontaneous change - the amount of free energy available ______.
increases
anode rays
decreases
enthalpy