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CLEP Chemistry 1

Subjects : clep, science, chemistry
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The freezing point is always lowered by addition of solute.






2. A law stating that at a constant temperature - the volume of a gas in inversely proportiona to the pressure.






3. For a solution in which a nonvolatile solute is dissolved in a solvent - the vapor pressure is due only to the vapor of the solvent above the solution. This vapor pressure is given by _______ law.

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4. A state function in which it is the heat content of a substance.






5. The pressure of a gas is the result of collisions between the gas molecules and the walls of the container.






6. Electronegativities ________ from left to right in a period.






7. In an endothermic process - energy is absorbed and ^E is _______.






8. Liquids with strong attractive forces have ______ boiling points.






9. The energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom in its ground state.






10. A theory of the hydrogen atom stating that the electron can exist in only certain stable energy levels and that when the electronic state of the atom changes - it must absorb or emit exactly that amound of energy equal to the difference betweent he f






11. *The electrons found in the outermost shell are called _____ electrons. When these electrons are lost or partially lost through sharing - the oxidation state is assigned a positive value for the element. If valence electrons are gained or partially g






12. Cells that convert electrical energy into chemical energy.






13. _______ has very little effect on the solubility of liquids or solids in liquid solvents.






14. This is due to the way positive charges of one molecule attract the negative charges of another molecule. Compounds of the solid state that are bound mainly by this type of attractive have soft crystals - are easily deformed - and vaporize easily.






15. The general shape of any molecule can be predicted from the number of bonding and non-bonding electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom. nonbonded pairs of electrons (lone pairs) are more repellent than bonded pairs.






16. **As we proceed to the right of the table - ______-forming properties decrease and _____-forming properties increase.






17. Metals have electronegativities less than ____






18. The action of salts of weak acids or bases with water to form acidic or basic solutions.






19. In a _______ expansion of a gas - the opposing pressure is virtually equal to the pressure exerted by the gas. It is ______ because any slight increase in the external pressure will reverse the process and cause compression to occure.






20. In titration - this point occurs when equal numbers of equivalents of acid and base have been reacted. The solution at this point is neutral because neither of the ions of the salt in solution undergoes hydrolysis.






21. The heat change during a process carried out at a constant pressure.






22. A solution in which solid solute is in equilibrium with dissolved solute.






23. **Five factors that affect reaction rates: 1. The nature of the reactants and products. 2. The surface area exposed. 3. The concentrations. 4. The temperature. 5. The catalyst.






24. The enthalpy changes associated with the reactions that correspond to the formation of a substance from its free elements are called?






25. Another way the second law is stated is that in any spontaneous change - the amount of free energy available ______.






26. Rays made up of electrons in basic electron charges.






27. A chemical reaction where there is an actual exchange of partners to form new compounds. ex: AgNO3 + NaCl -> AgCl + NaNO3.






28. The particular portion of the universe on which we wish to focus our attention. Everything else is called the surroundings.






29. This process occurs when the system is thermally isolated so that no heat enters or leaves.






30. A law that states that under conditions of constant temperature and pressure - equal volumes of different gases contain equal numbers of molecules.






31. The vapor pressure of an aqueous solution is always lowered by the additon of more solute - which causes the boiling point to be raised.






32. For a cell at concentrations and conditions other than standard - a potential can be calculated using this equation.






33. The ________ of an element is a number that measerures the relative strength in which the atoms of the element attract valence electrons in a chemical bond - on a scale of 0-4.






34. A valence theory that permits the geometric arrangement of atoms - or groups of atoms - about some central atom to be determined solely by considering the repulsions between the electron pairs present in the valence shell of the central atom.






35. The maximum work derived from any change will be obtained only if the process is carried out in a reversible manner. All real - spontaneous changes are therefore not reversible - and the work that can be derived from an irreversible change is alway l






36. State ________ depend only on the present state of the substance and not on the path by which the present state was attained. Enthalpy - energy - Gibbs free energy - and entropy are examples.






37. *The surface area exposed affect chemical reactions because most reactions depend on the reactants coming into contact - increasing the rate of the reaction.






38. The molecules in a gas are in constant - continueous - random - and straight-line motion.






39. When a system at equilibrium is disturbed by adding or removing one of hte substances - all the concentrations will change until a new equilibrium point is reached with the same value of Keq.

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40. When solids are heated at certain perssures - some solids vaporize directly without passing through the liquid phase.






41. *The Concentration usually _____ the chemical reaction rate with increasing concentrations of the reactants.






42. *The nature of the reactants and products affect chemical reactions because some elements and compounds have bonds that when broken/formed - react more rapidly with each other than others.






43. The molecules in a gas collide with one another - but the collisions are perfectly elastic (they result in no net loss of energy).






44. A pure crystal of elemental metal consists of roughly Avogrado's number of atoms held together by ________ bonds.






45. Gases are composed of tiny - invisible molecules that are widely separated from one another in otherwise empty space.






46. The process of mixing different orbitals of the same atom to form a new set of equivalent orbitals.






47. The freezing point - boiling point - and vapor pressure of a solution differ from those of the pure solvent by amounts which are directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solute.






48. The most active metals are found in what corner of the periodic table?






49. **Proceeding across a period from left to right - the ionization energy _______.






50. Decreasing the concentrations of reactants shifts the equilibrium to the ______ - thus decreasing the concentration of products formed.

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