SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Chemistry: Structure Of Matter
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
science
,
chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Electrons in a (p) orbital (either bonding or nonbonding).
Pi (p) electrons
Atomic Mass
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
Ion
2. ____ is the relative tendency of a bonded atom to attract electrons to itself. An atom with extremely low ____ - is said to be electropositive since its tendency is to lose rather than to gain - or attract - electrons. ______ decreases down a Group i
Hydrogen Bond
Isotopes Example
resonance or mesomerism
Electronegativity
3. A ___ ___ is the attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom - such as nitrogen - oxygen or fluorine - that comes from another molecule or chemical group. The hydrogen has a polar bonding to another electronegative atom to c
Hydrogen Bond
Coordination Complex
Atomic Orbit
Electronegativity
4. The energy level of the electron is one of the things that make one state different from another. Each level - or state - has a specific energy for the electron and a specific set of probabilities for its showing up in various places.
Atomic Orbit
Distinction between Periods and Groups
Electron Energy Levels
Applications of Nuclear Chemisty
5. One method is the use of an auxiliary 'mass spectrometer' tube which compensates for fluctuations in both the magnetic field and the source of potential for the deflecting and accelerating plates of the main spectrometer. Ion currents are measured el
Mass Spectrometry (MS) Procedure
Solution
Hydrogen Bond
Determination of atomic masses by physical means
6. Bonds formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals.
Radioactivity
Pi Bonds
Oxidation State
Pi (p) bonds:
7. A mechanism by which two atoms are held together as the result of the forces operating between them and a pair of electrons regarded as shared by them. In a ___ ___ - the electron pair occupies an orbital located mainly between the two atoms and symm
Sigma Bond
resonance or mesomerism
Electronegativity
molecular orbital (MO)
8. Are covalent chemical bonds where two lobes of one involved atomic orbital overlap two lobes of the other involved atomic orbital. These orbitals share a nodal plane which passes through both of the involved nuclei.
Mass Number Example
Structural Isomers
Pi Bonds
Atomic Number
9. ___ ___ are molecules that have the same molecular formula - but have a different arrangement of the atoms in space. That excludes any different arrangements which are simply due to the molecule rotating as a whole - or rotating about particular bond
Coordination Complex
Atomic Weight
Sigma (s) bonds
Structural Isomers
10. A _____ is a very large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits.
Atomic Theory
Oxidation State
valence bond (VB) theory
Macromolecule
11. In chemistry - the ____ ____ is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. Oxid
molecular orbital (MO) theory
Oxidation State
resonance or mesomerism
Dispersion
12. The mass number - also called atomic mass number or nucleon number - is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. The mass number is different for each different isotope of a chemical element.
Mass Number/Atomic Mass Number
Quantum Numbers
Determination of atomic masses by physical means
Molecular Model
13. Bonds formed by the head-on overlap of sp - sp2 - or sp3 hybrid orbitals with each other or with hydrogen 1s orbitals.
Sigma (s) bonds
Ion
Covalent Bond
Atomic Theory
14. An ___ ___ is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between a cation - which is usually a metal - and an anion - which is usually a nonmetal
Oxidation State
Ionic Bond
Determination of atomic masses by chemical means
resonance or mesomerism
15. Is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the ato
Atomic Orbit
Radioactive decay
Atomic Number
Ionic Bond
16. If you want to refer to a certain isotope - you write it like this: AXZ. Here X is the chemical symbol for the element - Z is the atomic number - and A is the number of neutrons and protons combined - called the mass number. For instance - ordinary h
Chemical Bond
Ion
Isotopes Example
Atomic Number Example
17. Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons; the different possible versions of each element are called isotopes. For example - the most common isotope of hydrogen has no neutrons at all; there's also a hydrogen isotope called de
Radioactivity
Hybridization
Isotopes
Dispersion
18. Examples: the isotope effect is used so extensively to investigate chemical mechanisms and the use of cosmogenic isotopes and long-lived unstable isotopes in geology that it is best to consider much of isotopic chemistry as separate from nuclear chem
Quantum Numbers
Applications of Nuclear Chemisty
Atomic Weight
Coordination Complex
19. A row of elements across the table is called a period. Each period has a number: from 1 to 7. Period 1 has only 2 elements in it: hydrogen and helium. Period 2 and Period 3 both have 8 elements. Other periods are longer. A column of elements down the
Determination of atomic masses by physical means
Coarse Dispersion (Suspension)
Distinction between Periods and Groups
Ionic Bond
20. Bohr proposed that electrons orbited the nucleus - but the electrons contained enough energy to match the electric pull of the protons. This way - the atomic stability would be preserved. He also said that electrons could occupy only certain orbits -
Ionization Energy
Pi (p) electrons
Atomic Spectrum
Dispersion
21. Is a mathematical function describing the wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule. This function can be used to calculate chemical and physical properties such as the probability of finding an electron in any specific region.
Atomic Radius
Structural Isomers
Ionization Energy
molecular orbital (MO)
22. Even though the total charge on a molecule is zero - the nature of chemical bonds is such that the positive and negative charges do not completely overlap in most molecules. Such molecules are said to be polar because they possess a permanent ___ ___
Mass Number/Atomic Mass Number
Atomic Number Example
Molecular Dipolar Moments
Radioactivity
23. A ____ is a substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another substance.A colloidal system consists of two separate phases: a dispersed phase (or internal phase) and a continuous phase (or dispersion medium) in which the colloid is disper
Colloid
hybridisation (or hybridization)
Atomic Number
Pi Bonds
24. Unstable atomic nuclei will spontaneously decompose to form nuclei with a higher stability. The decomposition process is called ___. The energy and particles which are released during the decomposition process are called ___. When unstable nuclei dec
Molecular Model
Radioactivity
Evidence of Atomic Theory
hybridisation (or hybridization)
25. As a general term - the mass of an individual atom; but usually we mean the average atomic mass for the naturally occurring element - expressed in atomic mass units. hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water - H2O.The weight of oxygen has to be eight
Hybridization
Atomic Weight
Electron Energy Levels
Distinction between Periods and Groups
26. The periodic table of the chemical elements is a list of known atoms. In the table the elements are placed in the order of their atomic numbers starting with the lowest number. The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of electrons or
Electronegativity
Sigma Bond
The Periodic Table
Sigma (s) bonds
27. Is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the qualitative description of atomic bonding properties. ___-ed orbitals are very useful in the explanation of the shape of molecular orbitals for molecules. It is an
Mass Number/Atomic Mass Number
Sigma (s) bonds
Electronegativity
hybridisation (or hybridization)
28. In chemistry - a ____ is a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase. In such a mixture - a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance - known as a solvent. The solvent does the dissolving. The solution more or less takes on the charac
Isotopes Example
Solution
Covalent Bond
Radioactive decay
29. John Dalton proposed that each chemical element is composed of atoms of a single - unique type - and though they cannot be altered or destroyed by chemical means - they can combine to form more complex structures (chemical compounds). This marked the
Dispersion
Evidence of Atomic Theory
hybridisation (or hybridization)
Solution
30. An ___ is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons - giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.
Ion
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
Quantum Numbers
Hydrogen Bond
31. Model for predicting molecular geometry. Based on the idea that - in a molecule - electron pairs arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize electron-electron repulsion. The shape of a molecule is determined by the number of electron pair
valence bond (VB) theory
Atomic Mass
Atomic Spectrum
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
32. Is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles.[1] It is used for determining masses of particles - for determining the elemental composition of a sample or molecule - and for elucidating the chemical structure
Mass Spectrometry (MS)
Quantum Numbers
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
Ionization Energy
33. A ___ ___ is an atom or ion (usually metallic) - bound to a surrounding array of molecules or anions - that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compounds consist of coordination complexes.
Coordination Complex
Ion
Pi (p) bonds:
Electronegativity
34. It focuses on how the atomic orbitals of the dissociated atoms combine to give individual chemical bonds when a molecule is formed.
Macromolecule
Pi Bonds
Chemical Bond
valence bond (VB) theory
35. A ___ ___ is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding.
Hydrogen Bond
Sigma (s) bonds
Covalent Bond
Structural Isomers
36. __ __ are used to represent the decay of one element into another. show atomic # and mass # of particles involved. Mass numbers and atomic numbers are conserved.
Atomic Weight
Nuclear Equations
Distinction between Periods and Groups
Hybridization
37. The ___ ___ of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms - usually the mean or typical distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons. Since the boundary is not a well-defined physical entity - there ar
Dispersion
Atomic Radius
Quantitative structure-activity relationship models
The Periodic Table
38. __ __-__ __ (_ _ _ _)are regression models used in the chemical and biological sciences and engineering. Like other regression models - _ _ _ _models relate measurements on a set of 'predictor' variables to the behavior of the response variable.
Atomic Orbit
Quantitative structure-activity relationship models
Chemical Bond
valence bond (VB) theory
39. Is the process by which an atomic nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing particles/radiation. A decay - or loss of energy - results when an atom with one type of nucleus - called the parent radionuclide - transforms to an atom
Radioactive decay
Mass Number Example
Distinction between Periods and Groups
molecular orbital (MO) theory
40. That's the number of protons in one atom of a particular element. An undisturbed atom is electrically neutral - so the number of electrons in it is the same as its atomic number. Example:
Evidence of Atomic Theory
molecular orbital (MO)
Atomic Number
valence bond (VB) theory
41. A ___ ___ - in this article - is a physical model that represents molecules and their processes. The creation of mathematical models of molecular properties and behavior is ___ ___ - and their graphical depiction is molecular graphics
Molecular Model
Isotopes Example
Valence bond theory
Atomic Orbit
42. An explanation of the structure of matter in terms of different combinations of very small particles (atoms). is a theory of the nature of matter - which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms - as opposed to the obsolete notio
Atomic Theory
Radioactive decay
Mass Number/Atomic Mass Number
Colloid
43. Describe values of conserved quantities in the dynamics of the quantum system. Perhaps the most peculiar aspect of quantum mechanics is the quantization of observable quantities - since quantum numbers are discrete sets of integers or half-integers.
Quantum Numbers
Pi (p) bonds:
Coarse Dispersion (Suspension)
Radioactive decay
44. A chemical way to determine the atomic mass of an element is to combine the element with oxygen - determine the mass of the element and oxygen in the compound formed - and determine the number of atoms of oxygen combined per atom of the element.
Determination of atomic masses by chemical means
Applications of Nuclear Chemisty
Determination of atomic masses by physical means
Electron Energy Levels
45. A dispersion is a system in which particles are dispersed in a continuous phase of a different composition (or state). There are three main types of dispersions: Coarse dispersion (Suspension) Colloid Solution
Oxidation State
Dispersion
molecular orbital (MO) theory
Structural Isomers
46. (1) A sample is loaded onto the MS instrument and undergoes vaporization (2) The components of the sample are ionized by one of a variety of methods (e.g. - by impacting them with an electron beam) - which results in the formation of charged particle
Pi Bonds
Electron Energy Levels
Mass Spectrometry (MS) Procedure
Atomic Number Example
47. Formation of hybrid orbitals - which are mixtures of individual atomic orbitals. The number of atomic orbitals used to create a set of hybrid orbitals equals the number of orbitals generated by ______. Hybrid orbitals can hold up to two electrons; ha
Isotopes
Valence bond theory
Hybridization
Ionization Energy
48. The ___ ___ of a chemical species - i.e. an atom or molecule - is the energy required to remove electrons from gaseous atoms or ions. The property is alternately still often called the ionization potential - measured in volts. In chemistry it often r
molecular orbital (MO) theory
Electron Energy Levels
Atomic Number
Ionization Energy
49. The mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units (amu). It is approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of differ
Atomic Mass
Applications of Nuclear Chemisty
Atomic Theory
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
50. ___ ____ constitutes the electrostatic attractive forces between the delocalized electrons - called conduction electrons - gathered in an electron cloud - and the positively charged metal ions.
Isotopes Example
Metallic Bond
Determination of atomic masses by physical means
hybridisation (or hybridization)