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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Chemistry: Structure Of Matter
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clep
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science
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chemistry
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The periodic table of the chemical elements is a list of known atoms. In the table the elements are placed in the order of their atomic numbers starting with the lowest number. The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of electrons or
Pi Bonds
The Periodic Table
Coarse Dispersion (Suspension)
Sigma (s) bonds
2. The ___ ___ of a chemical species - i.e. an atom or molecule - is the energy required to remove electrons from gaseous atoms or ions. The property is alternately still often called the ionization potential - measured in volts. In chemistry it often r
Dispersion
Ionization Energy
molecular orbital (MO) theory
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
3. Bonds formed by the sideways overlap of p orbitals.
Pi (p) bonds:
Oxidation State
Hybridization
Electronegativity
4. ____ - symbol ? - is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) Procedure
Mass Number Example
Electronegativity
Pi (p) electrons
5. Theory of bonding that states that covalent bonds form through the spatial overlap of orbitals containing valence electrons. Valence bond theory is consistent with the geometric predictions of VSEPR theory.
molecular orbital (MO) theory
Applications of Nuclear Chemisty
Electronegativity
Valence bond theory
6. Are covalent chemical bonds where two lobes of one involved atomic orbital overlap two lobes of the other involved atomic orbital. These orbitals share a nodal plane which passes through both of the involved nuclei.
Solution
Atomic Orbit
Hydrogen Bond
Pi Bonds
7. Is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the ato
Determination of atomic masses by chemical means
Atomic Orbit
Mass Spectrometry (MS) Procedure
Quantum Numbers
8. Was developed to use the methods of quantum mechanics to explain chemical bonding.molecular orbital theory has orbitals that cover the whole molecule.
Atomic Theory
valence bond (VB) theory
Pi (p) electrons
molecular orbital (MO) theory
9. In chemistry - a ____ is a heterogeneous mixture containing solid particles that are sufficiently larger for sedimentation. Usually they must be larger than 1 micrometer(1mm). The internal phase (solid) is dispersed throughout the external phase (flu
The Periodic Table
Pi Bonds
Coarse Dispersion (Suspension)
Solution
10. Is the process by which an atomic nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing particles/radiation. A decay - or loss of energy - results when an atom with one type of nucleus - called the parent radionuclide - transforms to an atom
Radioactive decay
Electronegativity
Quantum Numbers
Ionic Bond
11. __ __-__ __ (_ _ _ _)are regression models used in the chemical and biological sciences and engineering. Like other regression models - _ _ _ _models relate measurements on a set of 'predictor' variables to the behavior of the response variable.
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
Covalent Bond
Quantitative structure-activity relationship models
Evidence of Atomic Theory
12. One method is the use of an auxiliary 'mass spectrometer' tube which compensates for fluctuations in both the magnetic field and the source of potential for the deflecting and accelerating plates of the main spectrometer. Ion currents are measured el
Determination of atomic masses by physical means
Atomic Orbit
Atomic Mass
Ion
13. Describe values of conserved quantities in the dynamics of the quantum system. Perhaps the most peculiar aspect of quantum mechanics is the quantization of observable quantities - since quantum numbers are discrete sets of integers or half-integers.
resonance or mesomerism
Atomic Theory
Electronegativity
Quantum Numbers
14. The atomic number of hydrogen is 1; the atomic number of carbon is 6. The atomic number is also known as the proton number. It may be represented by the capital letter Z.
valence bond (VB) theory
Atomic Number Example
Structural Isomers
Mass Spectrometry (MS) Procedure
15. A ___ ___ is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges - either between electrons and nuclei - or
Pi (p) bonds:
Chemical Bond
Dispersion
Determination of atomic masses by chemical means
16. In chemistry - the ____ ____ is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. Oxid
Covalent Bond
Radioactivity
Oxidation State
Distinction between Periods and Groups
17. Even though the total charge on a molecule is zero - the nature of chemical bonds is such that the positive and negative charges do not completely overlap in most molecules. Such molecules are said to be polar because they possess a permanent ___ ___
Structural Isomers
Molecular Dipolar Moments
Atomic Weight
Hybridization
18. ___ ____ constitutes the electrostatic attractive forces between the delocalized electrons - called conduction electrons - gathered in an electron cloud - and the positively charged metal ions.
Metallic Bond
Oxidation State
Valence bond theory
Molecular Dipolar Moments
19. Is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis formula. A molecule or ion with such delocalized electrons is represented by several contributing struc
resonance or mesomerism
Atomic Radius
Radioactivity
Isotopes Example
20. A ___ ___ - in this article - is a physical model that represents molecules and their processes. The creation of mathematical models of molecular properties and behavior is ___ ___ - and their graphical depiction is molecular graphics
Evidence of Atomic Theory
Atomic Radius
Molecular Model
Ionization Energy
21. If you want to refer to a certain isotope - you write it like this: AXZ. Here X is the chemical symbol for the element - Z is the atomic number - and A is the number of neutrons and protons combined - called the mass number. For instance - ordinary h
Ionic Bond
Isotopes Example
The Periodic Table
Mass Number Example
22. Bonds formed by the head-on overlap of sp - sp2 - or sp3 hybrid orbitals with each other or with hydrogen 1s orbitals.
Sigma (s) bonds
molecular orbital (MO) theory
Isotopes Example
Pi (p) bonds:
23. Electrons in a (p) orbital (either bonding or nonbonding).
Atomic Radius
Ionic Bond
Pi (p) electrons
Hydrogen Bond
24. A dispersion is a system in which particles are dispersed in a continuous phase of a different composition (or state). There are three main types of dispersions: Coarse dispersion (Suspension) Colloid Solution
Metallic Bond
Pi Bonds
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
Dispersion
25. Is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the qualitative description of atomic bonding properties. ___-ed orbitals are very useful in the explanation of the shape of molecular orbitals for molecules. It is an
Applications of Nuclear Chemisty
hybridisation (or hybridization)
Macromolecule
Isotopes
26. Bohr proposed that electrons orbited the nucleus - but the electrons contained enough energy to match the electric pull of the protons. This way - the atomic stability would be preserved. He also said that electrons could occupy only certain orbits -
Atomic Spectrum
Structural Isomers
Radioactive decay
Atomic Number Example
27. A mechanism by which two atoms are held together as the result of the forces operating between them and a pair of electrons regarded as shared by them. In a ___ ___ - the electron pair occupies an orbital located mainly between the two atoms and symm
Atomic Mass
Ionic Bond
Sigma Bond
Mass Number/Atomic Mass Number
28. Is a mathematical function describing the wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule. This function can be used to calculate chemical and physical properties such as the probability of finding an electron in any specific region.
Sigma (s) bonds
Dispersion
molecular orbital (MO)
Atomic Mass
29. (1) A sample is loaded onto the MS instrument and undergoes vaporization (2) The components of the sample are ionized by one of a variety of methods (e.g. - by impacting them with an electron beam) - which results in the formation of charged particle
hybridisation (or hybridization)
Molecular Model
valence bond (VB) theory
Mass Spectrometry (MS) Procedure
30. A ___ ___ is an atom or ion (usually metallic) - bound to a surrounding array of molecules or anions - that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compounds consist of coordination complexes.
Pi Bonds
resonance or mesomerism
Coordination Complex
Atomic Orbit
31. A ___ ___ is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding.
Radioactive decay
Ionic Bond
Applications of Nuclear Chemisty
Covalent Bond
32. An ___ is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons - giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.
Coordination Complex
Ion
Nuclear Equations
Hybridization
33. Formation of hybrid orbitals - which are mixtures of individual atomic orbitals. The number of atomic orbitals used to create a set of hybrid orbitals equals the number of orbitals generated by ______. Hybrid orbitals can hold up to two electrons; ha
Hybridization
Pi (p) bonds:
The Periodic Table
Isotopes
34. The energy level of the electron is one of the things that make one state different from another. Each level - or state - has a specific energy for the electron and a specific set of probabilities for its showing up in various places.
Electron Energy Levels
Dispersion
Isotopes Example
Atomic Spectrum
35. An ___ ___ is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between a cation - which is usually a metal - and an anion - which is usually a nonmetal
Pi Bonds
Distinction between Periods and Groups
Ionic Bond
Macromolecule
36. John Dalton proposed that each chemical element is composed of atoms of a single - unique type - and though they cannot be altered or destroyed by chemical means - they can combine to form more complex structures (chemical compounds). This marked the
Evidence of Atomic Theory
Electronegativity
Atomic Orbit
Radioactive decay
37. ____ is the relative tendency of a bonded atom to attract electrons to itself. An atom with extremely low ____ - is said to be electropositive since its tendency is to lose rather than to gain - or attract - electrons. ______ decreases down a Group i
Mass Number Example
Macromolecule
Electronegativity
Dispersion
38. A row of elements across the table is called a period. Each period has a number: from 1 to 7. Period 1 has only 2 elements in it: hydrogen and helium. Period 2 and Period 3 both have 8 elements. Other periods are longer. A column of elements down the
Distinction between Periods and Groups
The Periodic Table
Covalent Bond
Solution
39. Model for predicting molecular geometry. Based on the idea that - in a molecule - electron pairs arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize electron-electron repulsion. The shape of a molecule is determined by the number of electron pair
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
Determination of atomic masses by physical means
Valence bond theory
molecular orbital (MO)
40. Examples: the isotope effect is used so extensively to investigate chemical mechanisms and the use of cosmogenic isotopes and long-lived unstable isotopes in geology that it is best to consider much of isotopic chemistry as separate from nuclear chem
hybridisation (or hybridization)
Quantitative structure-activity relationship models
Applications of Nuclear Chemisty
valence bond (VB) theory
41. __ __ are used to represent the decay of one element into another. show atomic # and mass # of particles involved. Mass numbers and atomic numbers are conserved.
Coordination Complex
Mass Spectrometry (MS) Procedure
Nuclear Equations
Pi Bonds
42. In chemistry - a ____ is a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase. In such a mixture - a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance - known as a solvent. The solvent does the dissolving. The solution more or less takes on the charac
Evidence of Atomic Theory
Ionization Energy
Mass Number/Atomic Mass Number
Solution
43. For instance - there are two main isotopes of chlorine: chlorine-35 and chlorine-37. In any given sample of chlorine that has not been subject to mass separation there will be roughly 75% of chlorine atoms which are chlorine-35 and only 25% of chlori
Mass Number Example
Sigma (s) bonds
Radioactivity
Nuclear Equations
44. ___ ___ are molecules that have the same molecular formula - but have a different arrangement of the atoms in space. That excludes any different arrangements which are simply due to the molecule rotating as a whole - or rotating about particular bond
Determination of atomic masses by chemical means
Pi (p) bonds:
Structural Isomers
Pi Bonds
45. That's the number of protons in one atom of a particular element. An undisturbed atom is electrically neutral - so the number of electrons in it is the same as its atomic number. Example:
Atomic Number
Sigma Bond
Chemical Bond
Pi (p) bonds:
46. A chemical way to determine the atomic mass of an element is to combine the element with oxygen - determine the mass of the element and oxygen in the compound formed - and determine the number of atoms of oxygen combined per atom of the element.
Determination of atomic masses by chemical means
Electronegativity
Sigma Bond
Isotopes
47. It focuses on how the atomic orbitals of the dissociated atoms combine to give individual chemical bonds when a molecule is formed.
Molecular Dipolar Moments
Nuclear Equations
Applications of Nuclear Chemisty
valence bond (VB) theory
48. A _____ is a very large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits.
Radioactivity
Isotopes
Metallic Bond
Macromolecule
49. Unstable atomic nuclei will spontaneously decompose to form nuclei with a higher stability. The decomposition process is called ___. The energy and particles which are released during the decomposition process are called ___. When unstable nuclei dec
Radioactivity
Chemical Bond
resonance or mesomerism
Mass Number/Atomic Mass Number
50. A ____ is a substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another substance.A colloidal system consists of two separate phases: a dispersed phase (or internal phase) and a continuous phase (or dispersion medium) in which the colloid is disper
Electronegativity
Mass Number/Atomic Mass Number
Colloid
hybridisation (or hybridization)