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Dairy Farming

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Control of Farm Resources
Gorvernment Perspective
Contamination of Groundwater
Product Purchasing Firms

2. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Inputs Natural
Environmentalists Perspective
Inputs Cultural
Outputs

3. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Contamination of Groundwater
Main NZ Regions
Gorvernment Perspective
Herd Management

4. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Life Cycle of a Cow
Contamination of Groundwater
Outputs
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards

5. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Reduced River Flow
Soil Compaction
Sedimentation of Streams
Reduced River Flow

6. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Dairy Farm Problems
Life Cycle of a Cow
Outputs
Product Purchasing Firms

7. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Gorvernment Perspective
Herd Management
Environmental Problems
Herd Management

8. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Life Cycle of a Cow
Outputs
Foot Rot
Dairy Farm Problems

9. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Contamination of Streams
Regional Councils
Foot Rot
Outputs

10. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Environmental Problems
Environmental Problems
Inputs Natural
Pasture Management

11. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Gorvernment Perspective
Bloat
Contamination of Streams
Contamination of Groundwater

12. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
CS Inputs Natural
Regional Councils
Foot Rot
Bloat

13. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Inputs Cultural
Gorvernment Perspective
CS Inputs Cultural
Contamination of Streams

14. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Contamination of Groundwater
Control of Farm Resources
Environmentalists Perspective
CS Outputs

15. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Dairy Industry Perspective
Inputs Natural
Outputs
Government

16. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Processes/Throughputs
Two-Pond System
Low Soil Fertility
Dairy Farm Problems

17. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Inputs Natural
Dairy Farm Problems
Government
Sedimentation of Streams

18. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Product Purchasing Firms
CS Inputs Natural
Gorvernment Perspective
Processes/Throughputs

19. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Farmer
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Government
CS Inputs Natural

20. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Contamination of Streams
Herd Management
Foot Rot
Gorvernment Perspective

21. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Case Study
Two-Pond System
Two-Pond System
Pugging

22. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
CS Processes
Main NZ Regions
Losses
Seasons of Dairy Farming

23. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
CS Processes
CS Inputs Natural
Low Soil Fertility
Sedimentation of Streams

24. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Herd Management
Feedback
Life Cycle of a Cow
Seasons of Dairy Farming

25. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Contamination of Groundwater
Reduced River Flow
CS Outputs
Farmer

26. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Government
CS Inputs Natural
Contamination of Streams
Low Soil Fertility

27. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Riparian Zone Protection
Control of Farm Resources
Main NZ Regions
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards

28. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Outputs
Herd Management
Riparian Zone Protection
Farmer

29. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Life Cycle of a Cow
Inputs Natural
Dairy Industry Perspective

30. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
CS Processes
Dairy Industry Perspective
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Reduced River Flow

31. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Low Soil Fertility
Regional Councils
Gorvernment Perspective
Soil Compaction

32. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Low Soil Fertility
Inputs Natural
Bloat

33. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Pasture Management
Foot Rot
Environmentalists Perspective
Short Grass Growing Season

34. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Farmer
Case Study
Bloat
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards

35. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Dairy Farm Problems
Low Soil Fertility
Sedimentation of Streams
Dairy Industry Perspective

36. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
CS Inputs Natural
Regional Councils
Soil Compaction
Losses

37. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Inputs Cultural
Feedback
Low Soil Fertility
Inputs Natural

38. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Outputs
Environmental Problems
Reduced River Flow
Inputs Natural

39. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Pasture Management
Control of Farm Resources
Herd Management
Contamination of Streams

40. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
CS Inputs Natural
Soil Compaction
Control of Farm Resources
Riparian Zone Protection

41. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Dairy Farm Problems
Regional Councils
Control of Farm Resources
Life Cycle of a Cow

42. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Main NZ Regions
Two-Pond System
Environmentalists Perspective
Pasture Management

43. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Environmentalists Perspective
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Environmental Problems
Pasture Management

44. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Bloat
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Regional Councils
Main NZ Regions

45. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Dairy Industry Perspective
Foot Rot
Government
Case Study

46. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Inputs Cultural
Contamination of Streams
Product Purchasing Firms
Environmentalists Perspective

47. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
CS Outputs
Low Soil Fertility
CS Inputs Natural
Reduced River Flow

48. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Product Purchasing Firms
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Two-Pond System
Service Agencies

49. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Contamination of Streams
Inputs Cultural
Main NZ Regions
Farmer

50. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Bloat
Low Soil Fertility
Contamination of Groundwater
Dairy Industry Perspective