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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Farming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
CS Processes
Product Purchasing Firms
Contamination of Groundwater
Inputs Cultural
2. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
CS Feedback
Riparian Zone Protection
Farmer
Feedback
3. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Riparian Zone Protection
Outputs
Main NZ Regions
CS Outputs
4. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Pasture Management
Product Purchasing Firms
Environmental Problems
Gorvernment Perspective
5. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Service Agencies
Dairy Industry Perspective
Outputs
Low Soil Fertility
6. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
Service Agencies
CS Inputs Natural
Dairy Industry Perspective
Government
7. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Environmental Problems
CS Inputs Cultural
Farmer
Losses
8. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Low Soil Fertility
Processes/Throughputs
Short Grass Growing Season
Sedimentation of Streams
9. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Pugging
Environmentalists Perspective
Processes/Throughputs
CS Outputs
10. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Environmental Problems
Losses
Pugging
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
11. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Reduced River Flow
Reduced River Flow
Bloat
Processes/Throughputs
12. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Control of Farm Resources
CS Inputs Cultural
Processes/Throughputs
Dairy Industry Perspective
13. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
CS Processes
Inputs Natural
CS Inputs Cultural
Dairy Industry Perspective
14. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
Contamination of Streams
CS Feedback
Government
Inputs Natural
15. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
Outputs
Pugging
Inputs Cultural
Dairy Farm Problems
16. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Sedimentation of Streams
Herd Management
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Reduced River Flow
17. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Farmer
Pasture Management
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Reduced River Flow
18. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Bloat
Reduced River Flow
Pugging
Life Cycle of a Cow
19. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Regional Councils
Life Cycle of a Cow
Contamination of Groundwater
Foot Rot
20. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Feedback
Sedimentation of Streams
CS Processes
Low Soil Fertility
21. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Regional Councils
Soil Compaction
Bloat
22. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Main NZ Regions
Inputs Natural
Dairy Farm Problems
23. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Bloat
Outputs
Feedback
Soil Compaction
24. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Processes/Throughputs
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Pasture Management
Reduced River Flow
25. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Bloat
Processes/Throughputs
Herd Management
Contamination of Streams
26. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Inputs Cultural
Main NZ Regions
Contamination of Groundwater
Life Cycle of a Cow
27. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Inputs Natural
Pugging
Regional Councils
Case Study
28. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Dairy Farm Problems
Two-Pond System
Feedback
Environmental Problems
29. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Environmental Problems
Inputs Cultural
Environmentalists Perspective
Product Purchasing Firms
30. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
Pugging
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Riparian Zone Protection
CS Feedback
31. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Pugging
Outputs
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Short Grass Growing Season
32. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Service Agencies
Pasture Management
Regional Councils
CS Outputs
33. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Processes/Throughputs
Environmental Problems
Soil Compaction
Inputs Natural
34. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Contamination of Groundwater
Case Study
Farmer
Losses
35. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Life Cycle of a Cow
Processes/Throughputs
Soil Compaction
Farmer
36. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Case Study
Gorvernment Perspective
Bloat
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
37. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Environmental Problems
CS Processes
Low Soil Fertility
Riparian Zone Protection
38. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Environmental Problems
Pugging
Outputs
Bloat
39. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Two-Pond System
Two-Pond System
Contamination of Streams
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
40. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Pasture Management
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Inputs Cultural
Bloat
41. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Low Soil Fertility
CS Inputs Cultural
Service Agencies
Short Grass Growing Season
42. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Processes/Throughputs
Reduced River Flow
Feedback
Environmentalists Perspective
43. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Dairy Farm Problems
Farmer
Riparian Zone Protection
44. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Losses
CS Outputs
Contamination of Streams
Feedback
45. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Farmer
Main NZ Regions
Foot Rot
Control of Farm Resources
46. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Service Agencies
Pugging
CS Inputs Cultural
Soil Compaction
47. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Feedback
Contamination of Streams
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Low Soil Fertility
48. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Case Study
Regional Councils
Bloat
49. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Gorvernment Perspective
Pasture Management
Inputs Natural
Regional Councils
50. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Inputs Natural
CS Outputs
Bloat
CS Processes