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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Farming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Environmentalists Perspective
Farmer
Herd Management
Processes/Throughputs
2. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Processes/Throughputs
Inputs Natural
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Contamination of Streams
3. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Inputs Cultural
Pugging
Case Study
Herd Management
4. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Service Agencies
Foot Rot
Product Purchasing Firms
Dairy Farm Problems
5. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Soil Compaction
Life Cycle of a Cow
Outputs
Environmental Problems
6. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Herd Management
Product Purchasing Firms
Gorvernment Perspective
Contamination of Groundwater
7. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Inputs Natural
Losses
Life Cycle of a Cow
CS Feedback
8. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Pugging
Farmer
Low Soil Fertility
Foot Rot
9. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Control of Farm Resources
Contamination of Groundwater
Environmental Problems
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
10. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Reduced River Flow
Bloat
Soil Compaction
CS Processes
11. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Outputs
Soil Compaction
Losses
Processes/Throughputs
12. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
Feedback
Regional Councils
Losses
Dairy Farm Problems
13. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Seasons of Dairy Farming
CS Feedback
Reduced River Flow
Environmentalists Perspective
14. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Sedimentation of Streams
Dairy Farm Problems
Contamination of Groundwater
Seasons of Dairy Farming
15. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Product Purchasing Firms
Main NZ Regions
CS Outputs
Life Cycle of a Cow
16. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
CS Processes
Dairy Industry Perspective
Control of Farm Resources
Government
17. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Inputs Natural
Herd Management
Pasture Management
Losses
18. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Pugging
Product Purchasing Firms
CS Outputs
Life Cycle of a Cow
19. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Environmentalists Perspective
Sedimentation of Streams
Low Soil Fertility
Two-Pond System
20. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Short Grass Growing Season
Dairy Farm Problems
Soil Compaction
21. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Service Agencies
CS Inputs Cultural
Control of Farm Resources
Product Purchasing Firms
22. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
CS Processes
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Product Purchasing Firms
Service Agencies
23. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Two-Pond System
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Riparian Zone Protection
Short Grass Growing Season
24. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Environmental Problems
Foot Rot
CS Outputs
Low Soil Fertility
25. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Environmental Problems
Regional Councils
Product Purchasing Firms
Low Soil Fertility
26. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Inputs Natural
CS Outputs
Environmentalists Perspective
Regional Councils
27. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
Farmer
CS Feedback
Inputs Cultural
Feedback
28. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
CS Inputs Natural
Riparian Zone Protection
Losses
Bloat
29. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Inputs Natural
CS Processes
Gorvernment Perspective
CS Inputs Cultural
30. Roads - water - drainage - land use
CS Outputs
Regional Councils
Riparian Zone Protection
Government
31. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Service Agencies
CS Processes
Contamination of Streams
Government
32. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Inputs Cultural
Pasture Management
Pasture Management
CS Outputs
33. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Product Purchasing Firms
Pasture Management
Regional Councils
Reduced River Flow
34. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
CS Inputs Natural
Dairy Farm Problems
Case Study
Gorvernment Perspective
35. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Feedback
Losses
Processes/Throughputs
Riparian Zone Protection
36. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
CS Inputs Cultural
Foot Rot
CS Outputs
Riparian Zone Protection
37. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Reduced River Flow
Gorvernment Perspective
Control of Farm Resources
Life Cycle of a Cow
38. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Processes/Throughputs
Pasture Management
Soil Compaction
Herd Management
39. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
CS Inputs Cultural
Foot Rot
Contamination of Streams
Seasons of Dairy Farming
40. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Feedback
Processes/Throughputs
Gorvernment Perspective
Pugging
41. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Contamination of Streams
Short Grass Growing Season
Main NZ Regions
Seasons of Dairy Farming
42. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Sedimentation of Streams
Life Cycle of a Cow
Inputs Cultural
Outputs
43. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
CS Feedback
Contamination of Groundwater
Short Grass Growing Season
Pugging
44. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Regional Councils
Pugging
Dairy Industry Perspective
Government
45. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
Environmental Problems
Dairy Industry Perspective
CS Inputs Natural
Pasture Management
46. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Dairy Industry Perspective
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Feedback
Soil Compaction
47. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
Pasture Management
Bloat
Environmentalists Perspective
CS Inputs Natural
48. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
CS Processes
Bloat
Case Study
Outputs
49. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
Government
Feedback
Case Study
CS Feedback
50. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Regional Councils
Feedback
Dairy Farm Problems
Life Cycle of a Cow