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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Farming
Start Test
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Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Herd Management
Pasture Management
Regional Councils
Bloat
2. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Reduced River Flow
Outputs
Product Purchasing Firms
3. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
Dairy Farm Problems
Life Cycle of a Cow
Two-Pond System
Inputs Natural
4. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Losses
Contamination of Streams
Environmental Problems
Service Agencies
5. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Reduced River Flow
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Gorvernment Perspective
Environmental Problems
6. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Dairy Farm Problems
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Short Grass Growing Season
Environmentalists Perspective
7. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Dairy Industry Perspective
Contamination of Groundwater
Contamination of Streams
Gorvernment Perspective
8. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Herd Management
Gorvernment Perspective
Low Soil Fertility
CS Feedback
9. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Foot Rot
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Environmentalists Perspective
CS Feedback
10. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Low Soil Fertility
Losses
Pugging
Herd Management
11. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
Soil Compaction
Product Purchasing Firms
CS Processes
Sedimentation of Streams
12. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Farmer
Two-Pond System
Short Grass Growing Season
Losses
13. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Processes/Throughputs
CS Inputs Natural
Product Purchasing Firms
Inputs Cultural
14. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Product Purchasing Firms
Gorvernment Perspective
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Main NZ Regions
15. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Dairy Farm Problems
Product Purchasing Firms
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Two-Pond System
16. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Case Study
Pugging
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Farmer
17. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Inputs Natural
Gorvernment Perspective
CS Inputs Natural
Contamination of Groundwater
18. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Herd Management
Losses
Riparian Zone Protection
Foot Rot
19. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
CS Processes
Sedimentation of Streams
Product Purchasing Firms
Case Study
20. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Sedimentation of Streams
Low Soil Fertility
Product Purchasing Firms
Environmentalists Perspective
21. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
CS Outputs
Gorvernment Perspective
Processes/Throughputs
Sedimentation of Streams
22. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Control of Farm Resources
Outputs
Pasture Management
Product Purchasing Firms
23. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
CS Feedback
Inputs Natural
Bloat
Contamination of Streams
24. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
CS Inputs Natural
Feedback
CS Feedback
Outputs
25. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Main NZ Regions
Inputs Natural
Pugging
Service Agencies
26. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Processes/Throughputs
Bloat
CS Processes
Product Purchasing Firms
27. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Contamination of Groundwater
Control of Farm Resources
Feedback
Losses
28. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Dairy Farm Problems
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Seasons of Dairy Farming
29. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Government
Pugging
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Service Agencies
30. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Soil Compaction
Main NZ Regions
Feedback
Two-Pond System
31. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Regional Councils
Feedback
Government
CS Feedback
32. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Regional Councils
Dairy Industry Perspective
Reduced River Flow
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
33. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Life Cycle of a Cow
Losses
Riparian Zone Protection
Short Grass Growing Season
34. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Government
Feedback
Case Study
Regional Councils
35. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Foot Rot
Feedback
Main NZ Regions
CS Processes
36. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Environmentalists Perspective
Inputs Cultural
Low Soil Fertility
Sedimentation of Streams
37. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Government
Product Purchasing Firms
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Dairy Farm Problems
38. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Processes/Throughputs
Dairy Farm Problems
Environmental Problems
Reduced River Flow
39. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
CS Feedback
Sedimentation of Streams
CS Inputs Natural
Regional Councils
40. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Pugging
Soil Compaction
CS Inputs Natural
Short Grass Growing Season
41. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Dairy Industry Perspective
Sedimentation of Streams
CS Processes
CS Inputs Cultural
42. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Gorvernment Perspective
Foot Rot
Contamination of Groundwater
Dairy Industry Perspective
43. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
Outputs
CS Outputs
CS Feedback
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
44. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Reduced River Flow
Inputs Natural
Bloat
45. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Farmer
Sedimentation of Streams
Two-Pond System
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
46. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Product Purchasing Firms
Bloat
Short Grass Growing Season
Life Cycle of a Cow
47. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
CS Feedback
Control of Farm Resources
Herd Management
Two-Pond System
48. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Losses
Foot Rot
Short Grass Growing Season
Sedimentation of Streams
49. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Contamination of Groundwater
CS Feedback
Outputs
Service Agencies
50. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
CS Processes
Control of Farm Resources
Main NZ Regions
Regional Councils
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