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Dairy Farming

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
Pasture Management
Herd Management
CS Inputs Natural
Inputs Natural

2. Roads - water - drainage - land use
CS Inputs Cultural
Contamination of Groundwater
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Regional Councils

3. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Farmer
Inputs Cultural
Riparian Zone Protection
Dairy Industry Perspective

4. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Farmer
CS Feedback
Reduced River Flow
Control of Farm Resources

5. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Processes/Throughputs
Life Cycle of a Cow
Farmer
Product Purchasing Firms

6. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Product Purchasing Firms
Inputs Natural
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Government

7. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Main NZ Regions
Low Soil Fertility
Gorvernment Perspective
CS Inputs Natural

8. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Government
Inputs Cultural
CS Feedback
Outputs

9. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Foot Rot
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Regional Councils
Seasons of Dairy Farming

10. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Processes/Throughputs
Feedback
CS Inputs Natural
Two-Pond System

11. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Control of Farm Resources
CS Inputs Cultural
Life Cycle of a Cow
Government

12. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Foot Rot
Government
Regional Councils
CS Feedback

13. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Two-Pond System
Environmental Problems
Product Purchasing Firms
Sedimentation of Streams

14. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Pasture Management
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Government
Seasons of Dairy Farming

15. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Pasture Management
Low Soil Fertility
Farmer
Losses

16. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Inputs Natural
Life Cycle of a Cow
Farmer
CS Outputs

17. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Service Agencies
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Herd Management
Government

18. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Sedimentation of Streams
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Herd Management
Two-Pond System

19. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Dairy Farm Problems
Pasture Management
Short Grass Growing Season
CS Outputs

20. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Processes/Throughputs
Farmer
Foot Rot
CS Inputs Cultural

21. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Control of Farm Resources
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Foot Rot
Herd Management

22. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Losses
Contamination of Groundwater
Short Grass Growing Season
Reduced River Flow

23. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
CS Feedback
Inputs Cultural
Environmental Problems
Losses

24. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Contamination of Streams
CS Inputs Cultural
Processes/Throughputs
Dairy Industry Perspective

25. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
Dairy Farm Problems
Product Purchasing Firms
CS Processes
Short Grass Growing Season

26. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Outputs
Environmentalists Perspective
Two-Pond System
Bloat

27. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Regional Councils
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Service Agencies
Case Study

28. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Soil Compaction
Government
Short Grass Growing Season
Main NZ Regions

29. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Gorvernment Perspective
Bloat
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Outputs

30. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
CS Feedback
Herd Management
Inputs Natural
Environmental Problems

31. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Herd Management
Gorvernment Perspective
CS Processes
Processes/Throughputs

32. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Government
Regional Councils
Low Soil Fertility
Feedback

33. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
Farmer
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
CS Processes
Bloat

34. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
CS Inputs Natural
Main NZ Regions
Soil Compaction
Losses

35. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Low Soil Fertility
CS Processes
Dairy Industry Perspective
Riparian Zone Protection

36. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
CS Processes
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Reduced River Flow
Environmentalists Perspective

37. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Service Agencies
Life Cycle of a Cow
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Service Agencies

38. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
CS Processes
Life Cycle of a Cow
Gorvernment Perspective
Government

39. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Outputs
Service Agencies
Losses
Bloat

40. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Sedimentation of Streams
Life Cycle of a Cow
Foot Rot
Processes/Throughputs

41. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
CS Outputs
CS Inputs Cultural
Processes/Throughputs
Inputs Natural

42. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Feedback
Main NZ Regions
Contamination of Groundwater
CS Inputs Natural

43. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Low Soil Fertility
CS Feedback
Riparian Zone Protection
Herd Management

44. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Foot Rot
Pugging
Service Agencies
Losses

45. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Control of Farm Resources
Main NZ Regions
Soil Compaction

46. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Environmentalists Perspective
Dairy Farm Problems
Pasture Management
Pasture Management

47. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Control of Farm Resources
Environmentalists Perspective
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Feedback

48. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Inputs Cultural
Dairy Industry Perspective
Inputs Cultural
Environmentalists Perspective

49. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Contamination of Streams
Sedimentation of Streams
Regional Councils
Control of Farm Resources

50. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Inputs Cultural
Contamination of Streams
Life Cycle of a Cow
Losses