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Dairy Farming

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
Government
CS Processes
Outputs
CS Outputs

2. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Main NZ Regions
Reduced River Flow
Dairy Farm Problems
Dairy Industry Perspective

3. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Life Cycle of a Cow
Environmentalists Perspective
Main NZ Regions
Government

4. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Dairy Farm Problems
Reduced River Flow
Contamination of Streams
Low Soil Fertility

5. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Feedback
Outputs
Bloat
Pugging

6. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Farmer
Reduced River Flow
Short Grass Growing Season
Seasons of Dairy Farming

7. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Processes/Throughputs
Dairy Farm Problems
Riparian Zone Protection
Sedimentation of Streams

8. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Contamination of Streams
Sedimentation of Streams
CS Processes
Two-Pond System

9. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Regional Councils
Outputs
Pugging
Product Purchasing Firms

10. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Inputs Cultural
Farmer
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Contamination of Groundwater

11. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Sedimentation of Streams
Soil Compaction
Foot Rot

12. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Dairy Farm Problems
Soil Compaction
CS Inputs Natural
Processes/Throughputs

13. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Soil Compaction
Product Purchasing Firms
Gorvernment Perspective
Case Study

14. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Losses
CS Inputs Cultural
Government
Control of Farm Resources

15. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Contamination of Streams
Herd Management
Main NZ Regions
Outputs

16. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
CS Feedback
Life Cycle of a Cow
Service Agencies
Regional Councils

17. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Contamination of Streams
Pasture Management
Life Cycle of a Cow

18. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
CS Inputs Natural
Regional Councils
Inputs Cultural
Inputs Natural

19. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Two-Pond System
Product Purchasing Firms
Low Soil Fertility
Pasture Management

20. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Service Agencies
Herd Management
Environmentalists Perspective
Bloat

21. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Soil Compaction
CS Processes
Farmer
Losses

22. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Case Study
Pugging
Environmental Problems
Bloat

23. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Contamination of Groundwater
Regional Councils
Product Purchasing Firms
Environmental Problems

24. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Case Study
Pugging
Short Grass Growing Season
Low Soil Fertility

25. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Foot Rot
Environmentalists Perspective
Main NZ Regions
Contamination of Streams

26. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Main NZ Regions
Reduced River Flow
Processes/Throughputs
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards

27. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Regional Councils
Riparian Zone Protection
Reduced River Flow
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards

28. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Feedback
CS Outputs
Reduced River Flow
Sedimentation of Streams

29. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Pasture Management
Environmental Problems
Sedimentation of Streams
Two-Pond System

30. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
Contamination of Streams
CS Inputs Natural
Inputs Natural
Pasture Management

31. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Bloat
Government
Low Soil Fertility
Foot Rot

32. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Environmentalists Perspective
Service Agencies
Environmental Problems
Foot Rot

33. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Feedback
Life Cycle of a Cow
Losses
Herd Management

34. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
Herd Management
CS Processes
Soil Compaction
Gorvernment Perspective

35. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Sedimentation of Streams
CS Inputs Cultural
Environmentalists Perspective
Main NZ Regions

36. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
CS Inputs Cultural
Contamination of Streams
Bloat
Reduced River Flow

37. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Inputs Cultural
Herd Management
Dairy Farm Problems
Riparian Zone Protection

38. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Main NZ Regions
Sedimentation of Streams
CS Outputs
Soil Compaction

39. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Reduced River Flow
Case Study
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Inputs Natural

40. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
CS Feedback
Sedimentation of Streams
Product Purchasing Firms
Inputs Cultural

41. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Dairy Industry Perspective
Farmer
Contamination of Streams
Feedback

42. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Outputs
Life Cycle of a Cow
Bloat
CS Inputs Natural

43. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Low Soil Fertility
Dairy Farm Problems
Pugging
Feedback

44. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Outputs
Government
Losses
Herd Management

45. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Inputs Natural
Pugging
Low Soil Fertility
Low Soil Fertility

46. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
CS Feedback
Regional Councils
Sedimentation of Streams
Main NZ Regions

47. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Gorvernment Perspective
Government
Losses
Environmental Problems

48. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Reduced River Flow
CS Inputs Cultural
Low Soil Fertility
CS Outputs

49. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Outputs
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Reduced River Flow
Environmental Problems

50. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Environmental Problems
Life Cycle of a Cow
Bloat
Dairy Farm Problems