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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Farming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Contamination of Groundwater
Contamination of Streams
Inputs Cultural
Life Cycle of a Cow
2. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Riparian Zone Protection
Riparian Zone Protection
Life Cycle of a Cow
Environmental Problems
3. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Inputs Natural
Environmental Problems
Contamination of Groundwater
Bloat
4. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Product Purchasing Firms
Control of Farm Resources
Soil Compaction
Contamination of Streams
5. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Foot Rot
Outputs
Product Purchasing Firms
Seasons of Dairy Farming
6. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Environmentalists Perspective
CS Outputs
Soil Compaction
Feedback
7. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Main NZ Regions
Outputs
Contamination of Groundwater
CS Feedback
8. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
CS Feedback
Two-Pond System
Dairy Farm Problems
Gorvernment Perspective
9. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Gorvernment Perspective
Processes/Throughputs
Government
Soil Compaction
10. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Product Purchasing Firms
Main NZ Regions
Pugging
CS Outputs
11. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Processes/Throughputs
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Two-Pond System
CS Inputs Natural
12. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Riparian Zone Protection
Case Study
CS Feedback
13. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Farmer
Dairy Farm Problems
Control of Farm Resources
Gorvernment Perspective
14. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
Dairy Farm Problems
Inputs Cultural
Life Cycle of a Cow
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
15. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Pasture Management
Herd Management
Losses
Dairy Farm Problems
16. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Foot Rot
Inputs Natural
Government
Feedback
17. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Feedback
Gorvernment Perspective
Control of Farm Resources
Seasons of Dairy Farming
18. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Pasture Management
Two-Pond System
Feedback
Inputs Cultural
19. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
CS Inputs Cultural
Inputs Cultural
Bloat
CS Feedback
20. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Outputs
Herd Management
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Riparian Zone Protection
21. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Foot Rot
Herd Management
Processes/Throughputs
Short Grass Growing Season
22. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Regional Councils
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Case Study
Farmer
23. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Pugging
Contamination of Groundwater
Regional Councils
CS Inputs Natural
24. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
CS Outputs
Sedimentation of Streams
Dairy Farm Problems
Gorvernment Perspective
25. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Short Grass Growing Season
Sedimentation of Streams
CS Inputs Natural
Riparian Zone Protection
26. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Low Soil Fertility
Soil Compaction
Bloat
Herd Management
27. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Herd Management
Government
Pugging
Life Cycle of a Cow
28. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Environmentalists Perspective
Reduced River Flow
Environmental Problems
Contamination of Streams
29. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Main NZ Regions
Processes/Throughputs
Two-Pond System
Low Soil Fertility
30. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Life Cycle of a Cow
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Riparian Zone Protection
Pasture Management
31. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Pasture Management
Soil Compaction
Herd Management
CS Inputs Natural
32. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Environmental Problems
Short Grass Growing Season
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Soil Compaction
33. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Foot Rot
Environmentalists Perspective
Pasture Management
Farmer
34. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Environmentalists Perspective
Control of Farm Resources
Regional Councils
CS Inputs Cultural
35. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Outputs
Contamination of Groundwater
Main NZ Regions
Processes/Throughputs
36. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Government
Processes/Throughputs
Environmentalists Perspective
Farmer
37. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Feedback
Dairy Industry Perspective
Processes/Throughputs
Environmentalists Perspective
38. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Contamination of Streams
Inputs Natural
Government
Life Cycle of a Cow
39. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Environmentalists Perspective
Outputs
Product Purchasing Firms
Contamination of Streams
40. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Losses
Inputs Cultural
CS Inputs Natural
Soil Compaction
41. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Soil Compaction
Riparian Zone Protection
Short Grass Growing Season
Control of Farm Resources
42. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Dairy Industry Perspective
Soil Compaction
Low Soil Fertility
43. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Regional Councils
Losses
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Environmentalists Perspective
44. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Main NZ Regions
Life Cycle of a Cow
Riparian Zone Protection
Dairy Farm Problems
45. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Sedimentation of Streams
Reduced River Flow
Dairy Farm Problems
Sedimentation of Streams
46. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
Farmer
Pugging
CS Inputs Natural
Dairy Farm Problems
47. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Low Soil Fertility
CS Processes
Service Agencies
Seasons of Dairy Farming
48. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Low Soil Fertility
Herd Management
Farmer
Feedback
49. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Main NZ Regions
Gorvernment Perspective
Inputs Cultural
Low Soil Fertility
50. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Short Grass Growing Season
Sedimentation of Streams
Contamination of Groundwater
Pasture Management