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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Farming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Riparian Zone Protection
Gorvernment Perspective
Processes/Throughputs
Main NZ Regions
2. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Inputs Natural
Processes/Throughputs
Reduced River Flow
Low Soil Fertility
3. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Case Study
Farmer
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Bloat
4. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Soil Compaction
Case Study
Losses
Inputs Cultural
5. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
CS Inputs Natural
Government
Pugging
Contamination of Streams
6. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
Pasture Management
CS Inputs Natural
Dairy Farm Problems
Pasture Management
7. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Foot Rot
Bloat
Product Purchasing Firms
Environmental Problems
8. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Outputs
Feedback
CS Outputs
Farmer
9. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Short Grass Growing Season
Low Soil Fertility
Riparian Zone Protection
Life Cycle of a Cow
10. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Product Purchasing Firms
Regional Councils
Dairy Farm Problems
Pugging
11. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Dairy Industry Perspective
Bloat
Foot Rot
Feedback
12. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Government
CS Inputs Natural
Product Purchasing Firms
Case Study
13. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Feedback
CS Outputs
CS Feedback
Environmentalists Perspective
14. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Riparian Zone Protection
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Sedimentation of Streams
Bloat
15. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Pugging
Short Grass Growing Season
Product Purchasing Firms
Pasture Management
16. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Inputs Cultural
Losses
Dairy Industry Perspective
Government
17. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Feedback
Gorvernment Perspective
Contamination of Streams
Farmer
18. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
Dairy Farm Problems
CS Processes
CS Inputs Cultural
Feedback
19. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Pugging
CS Outputs
Inputs Cultural
Control of Farm Resources
20. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Case Study
CS Processes
Short Grass Growing Season
Life Cycle of a Cow
21. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Life Cycle of a Cow
Outputs
Environmentalists Perspective
Soil Compaction
22. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
CS Feedback
Main NZ Regions
CS Outputs
Herd Management
23. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Losses
Processes/Throughputs
Environmentalists Perspective
24. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Environmentalists Perspective
Life Cycle of a Cow
Environmentalists Perspective
Pugging
25. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Dairy Industry Perspective
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Life Cycle of a Cow
Contamination of Streams
26. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Product Purchasing Firms
Sedimentation of Streams
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Gorvernment Perspective
27. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Government
Regional Councils
Short Grass Growing Season
Losses
28. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Outputs
Low Soil Fertility
Service Agencies
Foot Rot
29. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Riparian Zone Protection
Farmer
Processes/Throughputs
Main NZ Regions
30. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Pugging
Regional Councils
Gorvernment Perspective
Main NZ Regions
31. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Gorvernment Perspective
Contamination of Groundwater
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Case Study
32. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Inputs Cultural
CS Outputs
Contamination of Groundwater
Regional Councils
33. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Reduced River Flow
CS Inputs Natural
Two-Pond System
Soil Compaction
34. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Bloat
Pasture Management
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Soil Compaction
35. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Feedback
Control of Farm Resources
Inputs Cultural
Contamination of Streams
36. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Case Study
Environmental Problems
Environmentalists Perspective
Service Agencies
37. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Inputs Cultural
CS Feedback
CS Processes
Sedimentation of Streams
38. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Pugging
Losses
Sedimentation of Streams
Farmer
39. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Losses
Bloat
Environmental Problems
40. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Environmental Problems
Pugging
Product Purchasing Firms
Riparian Zone Protection
41. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Sedimentation of Streams
Reduced River Flow
Pugging
Outputs
42. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Contamination of Streams
Soil Compaction
Pasture Management
Main NZ Regions
43. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Control of Farm Resources
Outputs
Contamination of Streams
Short Grass Growing Season
44. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Service Agencies
Pugging
Bloat
Herd Management
45. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
CS Inputs Cultural
Outputs
Dairy Farm Problems
CS Outputs
46. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Contamination of Groundwater
Gorvernment Perspective
Inputs Natural
Case Study
47. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Herd Management
CS Processes
Feedback
Riparian Zone Protection
48. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Environmentalists Perspective
Gorvernment Perspective
Short Grass Growing Season
Dairy Farm Problems
49. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Feedback
Control of Farm Resources
Processes/Throughputs
Main NZ Regions
50. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
CS Feedback
Riparian Zone Protection
Reduced River Flow
CS Inputs Natural