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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Farming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
CS Inputs Natural
Government
Riparian Zone Protection
2. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Herd Management
Environmentalists Perspective
Service Agencies
Two-Pond System
3. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
Low Soil Fertility
Feedback
CS Feedback
Sedimentation of Streams
4. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Service Agencies
Losses
Inputs Natural
Seasons of Dairy Farming
5. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Two-Pond System
Contamination of Streams
Regional Councils
Main NZ Regions
6. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Farmer
Regional Councils
Riparian Zone Protection
Low Soil Fertility
7. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Contamination of Groundwater
Herd Management
Case Study
Short Grass Growing Season
8. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
CS Processes
Reduced River Flow
Two-Pond System
CS Inputs Natural
9. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Herd Management
Pugging
Environmental Problems
Service Agencies
10. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
CS Processes
Service Agencies
Service Agencies
Gorvernment Perspective
11. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
CS Processes
Processes/Throughputs
Gorvernment Perspective
Environmentalists Perspective
12. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Government
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Control of Farm Resources
Product Purchasing Firms
13. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Gorvernment Perspective
Contamination of Streams
Control of Farm Resources
Short Grass Growing Season
14. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Inputs Cultural
CS Feedback
Short Grass Growing Season
Short Grass Growing Season
15. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Gorvernment Perspective
Herd Management
CS Inputs Cultural
Pugging
16. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Riparian Zone Protection
Sedimentation of Streams
Gorvernment Perspective
Losses
17. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Pasture Management
Government
Processes/Throughputs
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
18. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Regional Councils
Pasture Management
Contamination of Streams
Two-Pond System
19. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Pasture Management
CS Feedback
Two-Pond System
Pugging
20. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Processes/Throughputs
Service Agencies
Contamination of Groundwater
Government
21. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Losses
Product Purchasing Firms
CS Inputs Natural
Environmental Problems
22. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Life Cycle of a Cow
Service Agencies
Case Study
23. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Life Cycle of a Cow
Pasture Management
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Dairy Industry Perspective
24. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
CS Inputs Natural
Product Purchasing Firms
Losses
Seasons of Dairy Farming
25. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Pasture Management
CS Processes
Low Soil Fertility
CS Inputs Cultural
26. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
CS Inputs Natural
Dairy Industry Perspective
Life Cycle of a Cow
Inputs Cultural
27. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Environmentalists Perspective
Sedimentation of Streams
Short Grass Growing Season
CS Inputs Natural
28. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Environmentalists Perspective
Case Study
Losses
Low Soil Fertility
29. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Product Purchasing Firms
Bloat
Two-Pond System
Short Grass Growing Season
30. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Service Agencies
Reduced River Flow
CS Processes
CS Outputs
31. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Foot Rot
Main NZ Regions
Outputs
32. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
CS Processes
CS Feedback
Pasture Management
Bloat
33. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Dairy Industry Perspective
Main NZ Regions
Contamination of Groundwater
Dairy Farm Problems
34. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Losses
Main NZ Regions
Foot Rot
35. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Environmental Problems
CS Inputs Natural
Regional Councils
Short Grass Growing Season
36. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Inputs Cultural
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Low Soil Fertility
Life Cycle of a Cow
37. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Sedimentation of Streams
Reduced River Flow
Dairy Industry Perspective
Pugging
38. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
CS Inputs Cultural
Dairy Farm Problems
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Service Agencies
39. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Soil Compaction
Farmer
Short Grass Growing Season
40. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Two-Pond System
Foot Rot
Contamination of Streams
Dairy Industry Perspective
41. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Contamination of Streams
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Herd Management
Main NZ Regions
42. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Inputs Natural
Losses
Low Soil Fertility
Environmentalists Perspective
43. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Losses
Short Grass Growing Season
Gorvernment Perspective
Service Agencies
44. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
Soil Compaction
Dairy Farm Problems
Farmer
Processes/Throughputs
45. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Contamination of Streams
Inputs Natural
Pasture Management
Bloat
46. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Contamination of Streams
Soil Compaction
Environmental Problems
Bloat
47. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Two-Pond System
Main NZ Regions
Control of Farm Resources
Reduced River Flow
48. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Soil Compaction
Bloat
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Farmer
49. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Service Agencies
CS Outputs
Riparian Zone Protection
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
50. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Reduced River Flow
Riparian Zone Protection
Government
Reduced River Flow