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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Farming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Low Soil Fertility
CS Outputs
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Feedback
2. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
CS Inputs Cultural
Pugging
Gorvernment Perspective
Life Cycle of a Cow
3. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Two-Pond System
Reduced River Flow
Government
CS Inputs Cultural
4. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Bloat
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Dairy Industry Perspective
Dairy Farm Problems
5. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Losses
Riparian Zone Protection
Dairy Industry Perspective
Regional Councils
6. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Riparian Zone Protection
CS Inputs Cultural
Feedback
Farmer
7. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Dairy Industry Perspective
CS Processes
Losses
Two-Pond System
8. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Main NZ Regions
Environmental Problems
CS Inputs Natural
CS Processes
9. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Service Agencies
CS Processes
Inputs Natural
Government
10. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Herd Management
Control of Farm Resources
Dairy Industry Perspective
Pugging
11. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
CS Processes
Gorvernment Perspective
Sedimentation of Streams
Riparian Zone Protection
12. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Product Purchasing Firms
Dairy Farm Problems
Service Agencies
Seasons of Dairy Farming
13. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
CS Inputs Cultural
Losses
Riparian Zone Protection
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
14. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Inputs Natural
Soil Compaction
Short Grass Growing Season
Control of Farm Resources
15. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
CS Inputs Natural
Pasture Management
Gorvernment Perspective
CS Inputs Cultural
16. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Outputs
Contamination of Streams
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Sedimentation of Streams
17. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Inputs Natural
Reduced River Flow
Losses
Pasture Management
18. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Inputs Natural
CS Feedback
CS Outputs
CS Feedback
19. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Soil Compaction
Gorvernment Perspective
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Herd Management
20. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Herd Management
CS Outputs
Government
21. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Feedback
Foot Rot
Reduced River Flow
Contamination of Streams
22. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Outputs
Environmental Problems
Dairy Industry Perspective
Case Study
23. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Feedback
Environmentalists Perspective
Contamination of Groundwater
Two-Pond System
24. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Pugging
Sedimentation of Streams
Riparian Zone Protection
Farmer
25. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
CS Processes
Government
Feedback
Outputs
26. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Main NZ Regions
Dairy Industry Perspective
Outputs
Government
27. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Environmentalists Perspective
Inputs Cultural
Dairy Farm Problems
CS Inputs Natural
28. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Short Grass Growing Season
Product Purchasing Firms
Pasture Management
Gorvernment Perspective
29. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Bloat
Dairy Farm Problems
Two-Pond System
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
30. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Gorvernment Perspective
Pugging
Sedimentation of Streams
CS Inputs Natural
31. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
Pugging
Life Cycle of a Cow
CS Processes
CS Inputs Natural
32. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Low Soil Fertility
Reduced River Flow
Feedback
Processes/Throughputs
33. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Herd Management
Short Grass Growing Season
CS Feedback
Main NZ Regions
34. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Inputs Natural
Contamination of Groundwater
CS Inputs Cultural
Control of Farm Resources
35. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Pugging
Reduced River Flow
Government
Soil Compaction
36. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Feedback
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Service Agencies
Government
37. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
CS Inputs Natural
Herd Management
Inputs Cultural
Outputs
38. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Service Agencies
Government
Inputs Natural
CS Inputs Cultural
39. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Processes/Throughputs
Environmentalists Perspective
Regional Councils
CS Inputs Natural
40. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Foot Rot
Gorvernment Perspective
Life Cycle of a Cow
41. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Case Study
Pugging
Life Cycle of a Cow
Sedimentation of Streams
42. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Outputs
Losses
Service Agencies
Short Grass Growing Season
43. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Pugging
CS Inputs Cultural
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Regional Councils
44. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
CS Feedback
Gorvernment Perspective
Feedback
Dairy Farm Problems
45. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Dairy Farm Problems
Regional Councils
Losses
Foot Rot
46. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Inputs Cultural
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Foot Rot
Low Soil Fertility
47. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Dairy Farm Problems
Pugging
Control of Farm Resources
Pasture Management
48. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Soil Compaction
Riparian Zone Protection
Government
Life Cycle of a Cow
49. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Outputs
CS Outputs
Contamination of Streams
Service Agencies
50. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Seasons of Dairy Farming
CS Feedback
Dairy Industry Perspective
Losses