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Dairy Farming

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
CS Inputs Cultural
Regional Councils
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Slow Grass Growth in Summer

2. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Short Grass Growing Season
Inputs Cultural
Herd Management
Environmental Problems

3. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
CS Inputs Cultural
Bloat
CS Feedback
Dairy Industry Perspective

4. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
CS Outputs
Herd Management
Service Agencies
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards

5. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Control of Farm Resources
Gorvernment Perspective
Inputs Cultural
Regional Councils

6. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Losses
Farmer
Contamination of Groundwater
Main NZ Regions

7. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Contamination of Streams
Case Study
Dairy Industry Perspective
Outputs

8. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Reduced River Flow
Gorvernment Perspective
Service Agencies
CS Inputs Natural

9. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Foot Rot
CS Outputs
CS Inputs Natural
Dairy Industry Perspective

10. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Farmer
Gorvernment Perspective
Feedback
Short Grass Growing Season

11. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Foot Rot
Life Cycle of a Cow
Low Soil Fertility
Losses

12. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
Regional Councils
CS Inputs Natural
Feedback
Service Agencies

13. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Sedimentation of Streams
Environmentalists Perspective
Two-Pond System
Dairy Industry Perspective

14. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Product Purchasing Firms
Service Agencies
Case Study
Farmer

15. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
CS Processes
Farmer
Control of Farm Resources
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards

16. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Farmer
Main NZ Regions
CS Outputs
Contamination of Streams

17. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Soil Compaction
Sedimentation of Streams
Dairy Industry Perspective
Low Soil Fertility

18. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Case Study
Inputs Cultural
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Environmentalists Perspective

19. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Foot Rot
Soil Compaction
Pasture Management
Contamination of Groundwater

20. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Service Agencies
Life Cycle of a Cow
CS Inputs Cultural
Outputs

21. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Processes/Throughputs
Main NZ Regions
CS Inputs Cultural
Inputs Natural

22. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
Low Soil Fertility
Case Study
Dairy Farm Problems
Main NZ Regions

23. Dead calves/cows - spray drift - erosion - stock energy - raw effluent down streams - milk dumping
Regional Councils
Dairy Farm Problems
Gorvernment Perspective
Losses

24. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Short Grass Growing Season
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Environmentalists Perspective

25. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
CS Feedback
CS Inputs Natural
Pugging
Dairy Farm Problems

26. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Government
Seasons of Dairy Farming
CS Outputs
CS Inputs Cultural

27. Ministry of Agriculture - Financial Assistance
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Product Purchasing Firms
Riparian Zone Protection
Government

28. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
CS Processes
Pasture Management
Gorvernment Perspective
Contamination of Streams

29. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
CS Outputs
Pasture Management
Reduced River Flow
Contamination of Groundwater

30. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Dairy Industry Perspective
Two-Pond System
Environmentalists Perspective
Product Purchasing Firms

31. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Life Cycle of a Cow
Contamination of Streams
Pugging
Government

32. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Dairy Farm Problems
Service Agencies
Case Study
Riparian Zone Protection

33. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
CS Inputs Natural
Processes/Throughputs
Pugging
Two-Pond System

34. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Riparian Zone Protection
CS Processes
Processes/Throughputs
Sedimentation of Streams

35. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Regional Councils
CS Feedback
Herd Management
Environmental Problems

36. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Bloat
Farmer
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Two-Pond System

37. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Soil Compaction
Dairy Industry Perspective
CS Feedback
Herd Management

38. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
CS Processes
Riparian Zone Protection
CS Feedback
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards

39. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Contamination of Groundwater
Foot Rot
Pasture Management
CS Feedback

40. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Main NZ Regions
Losses
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Foot Rot

41. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Processes/Throughputs
Inputs Cultural
Product Purchasing Firms
Outputs

42. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Riparian Zone Protection
Life Cycle of a Cow
Pasture Management
Short Grass Growing Season

43. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Feedback
Inputs Natural
Inputs Cultural

44. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Case Study
Pasture Management

45. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Foot Rot
Soil Compaction
Control of Farm Resources
Riparian Zone Protection

46. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Environmental Problems
Riparian Zone Protection
Inputs Natural

47. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Contamination of Streams
Outputs
Pugging
Life Cycle of a Cow

48. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Control of Farm Resources
Processes/Throughputs
Life Cycle of a Cow
Low Soil Fertility

49. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
Pugging
CS Outputs
Herd Management
Reduced River Flow

50. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Product Purchasing Firms
Case Study
Low Soil Fertility
Dairy Industry Perspective