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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Farming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Contamination of Groundwater
Regional Councils
Inputs Cultural
2. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Government
Sedimentation of Streams
Bloat
Inputs Cultural
3. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
CS Inputs Natural
Feedback
CS Outputs
Foot Rot
4. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
CS Inputs Natural
Regional Councils
Environmental Problems
Short Grass Growing Season
5. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
Sedimentation of Streams
CS Inputs Natural
Farmer
Regional Councils
6. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Feedback
Environmentalists Perspective
Low Soil Fertility
Government
7. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Contamination of Groundwater
CS Processes
Main NZ Regions
CS Inputs Cultural
8. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
CS Inputs Natural
CS Outputs
Bloat
Dairy Industry Perspective
9. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Contamination of Groundwater
Gorvernment Perspective
Service Agencies
Bloat
10. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Control of Farm Resources
Contamination of Streams
Feedback
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
11. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Short Grass Growing Season
Sedimentation of Streams
Dairy Industry Perspective
Foot Rot
12. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
Contamination of Streams
Soil Compaction
Contamination of Groundwater
CS Processes
13. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Short Grass Growing Season
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Reduced River Flow
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
14. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
CS Inputs Natural
Farmer
Low Soil Fertility
Environmental Problems
15. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Inputs Cultural
Inputs Natural
Environmentalists Perspective
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
16. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Dairy Farm Problems
Sedimentation of Streams
Pugging
Dairy Industry Perspective
17. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Feedback
Reduced River Flow
Losses
18. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Product Purchasing Firms
CS Feedback
CS Outputs
Control of Farm Resources
19. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Inputs Cultural
Inputs Natural
Two-Pond System
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
20. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Inputs Cultural
Pasture Management
Main NZ Regions
21. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Riparian Zone Protection
Pasture Management
Riparian Zone Protection
Soil Compaction
22. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Regional Councils
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Bloat
Processes/Throughputs
23. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Case Study
Gorvernment Perspective
Soil Compaction
24. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Dairy Industry Perspective
Service Agencies
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Farmer
25. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
CS Inputs Natural
Bloat
Government
Losses
26. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Losses
Life Cycle of a Cow
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
CS Inputs Cultural
27. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Pugging
Riparian Zone Protection
Herd Management
Inputs Cultural
28. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Soil Compaction
Dairy Industry Perspective
Contamination of Streams
29. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Inputs Natural
Dairy Industry Perspective
Pasture Management
30. Grazing-breakfeeding and electric fences. Milking-Aug-May - 2x daily. AB November. Calving-Aug. Herd Improv-concrete race prevents sore feet. Pasture Improv-Phosphat Oct and Mar. Haymaking - 2-3000 bales in Summer.
Inputs Cultural
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
CS Processes
Sedimentation of Streams
31. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Two-Pond System
CS Processes
CS Inputs Natural
Service Agencies
32. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Reduced River Flow
Outputs
Foot Rot
Dairy Farm Problems
33. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Life Cycle of a Cow
Pugging
Short Grass Growing Season
Gorvernment Perspective
34. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Product Purchasing Firms
Dairy Industry Perspective
Short Grass Growing Season
35. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
CS Inputs Cultural
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Bloat
Pasture Management
36. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Pugging
Two-Pond System
Outputs
Riparian Zone Protection
37. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Case Study
Life Cycle of a Cow
Foot Rot
Service Agencies
38. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Low Soil Fertility
Feedback
Pugging
Herd Management
39. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Foot Rot
Soil Compaction
Environmental Problems
Product Purchasing Firms
40. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Contamination of Groundwater
Environmentalists Perspective
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Gorvernment Perspective
41. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Outputs
Dairy Industry Perspective
Pasture Management
Product Purchasing Firms
42. Environmental Protection. 1 cow waste=14 humans. Stock with open access to streams=increased bacteria and excrement - contam of ground water - fish and waterlife threatened. Dairy is NZ's most polluting industry.
Sedimentation of Streams
Environmentalists Perspective
Main NZ Regions
Control of Farm Resources
43. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Pasture Management
Processes/Throughputs
Foot Rot
Gorvernment Perspective
44. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Processes/Throughputs
Foot Rot
Gorvernment Perspective
Contamination of Groundwater
45. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Dairy Industry Perspective
Foot Rot
Low Soil Fertility
Dairy Farm Problems
46. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
CS Inputs Cultural
Pugging
Main NZ Regions
Pasture Management
47. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
Case Study
Outputs
CS Processes
Contamination of Groundwater
48. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
Dairy Farm Problems
Pugging
Regional Councils
CS Processes
49. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Soil Compaction
Riparian Zone Protection
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Contamination of Groundwater
50. Erosion on slopes and stream banks from trampling and grazing - increased stock densities. Plant trees on steep slopes - fence off Riparian Zones - reduce stock densities.
Service Agencies
Pasture Management
Bloat
Sedimentation of Streams