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Test your basic knowledge |
Dairy Farming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
industries
,
dairy
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. +milk solids-improv 32000-120000kg. Bobby calves/Old cows sold. -leaching of fertilisers into soil - high nitrate level in soil.
CS Outputs
Sedimentation of Streams
Environmental Problems
Pugging
2. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Soil Compaction
Gorvernment Perspective
Regional Councils
Life Cycle of a Cow
3. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
CS Outputs
Inputs Cultural
Pasture Management
Main NZ Regions
4. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
CS Processes
Foot Rot
Dairy Industry Perspective
CS Outputs
5. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Sedimentation of Streams
Dairy Industry Perspective
Product Purchasing Firms
Feedback
6. Relief-100+ ha. Temp-Jan 16 - July 9. Rainfall-1300mm. Soil-fertile alluvial soil - well drained on flat - clay on hills. Grass-ryegrass/clover all year.
CS Inputs Natural
Pasture Management
Dairy Industry Perspective
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
7. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Pugging
Losses
CS Outputs
Feedback
8. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Foot Rot
Contamination of Streams
CS Outputs
Contamination of Groundwater
9. Muddy pastures - high humidity. Medication - reduce stock nos - change land use
Riparian Zone Protection
CS Feedback
Foot Rot
Farmer
10. Pasture - breakfeeding - topdressing - spraying - stock management - maintenance
Control of Farm Resources
Farmer
Gorvernment Perspective
CS Processes
11. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Service Agencies
Processes/Throughputs
Two-Pond System
12. Government - Farmers - Service Agencies - Regional Councils - Product Purchasing Firms
Bloat
Control of Farm Resources
Inputs Cultural
Contamination of Groundwater
13. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Product Purchasing Firms
Inputs Natural
Control of Farm Resources
Gorvernment Perspective
14. Roads - water - drainage - land use
Main NZ Regions
Regional Councils
Low Soil Fertility
Dairy Industry Perspective
15. Natural condition. Apply chemical fertiliser - change land use - recycle cowshed wastes onto paddocks
Life Cycle of a Cow
Product Purchasing Firms
Main NZ Regions
Low Soil Fertility
16. Resource Management Atc 1991 states streams must be fenced off. Is expensive - takes out productive land.
Gorvernment Perspective
Case Study
Processes/Throughputs
Riparian Zone Protection
17. Vets - research - accountant - bank - agricultural firm
Life Cycle of a Cow
Service Agencies
Inputs Natural
Government
18. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Government
Dairy Industry Perspective
Pugging
Bloat
19. Heavy winter rain - poor drainage - overstocking. Install underground drainage - use runoff - reduce stock nos - change land use
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Pugging
Main NZ Regions
Short Grass Growing Season
20. Contaimination of ground water - contam of streams - soil compaction - sedimentation of streams - reduced river flows - damage to neighbouring farms/orchards
Processes/Throughputs
Foot Rot
Dairy Farm Problems
Pugging
21. Sun - land - rain - water - soil - air
Inputs Natural
Outputs
Environmental Problems
Main NZ Regions
22. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Outputs
Short Grass Growing Season
Government
Soil Compaction
23. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Environmentalists Perspective
Contamination of Groundwater
Feedback
Bloat
24. Reinvestment of profits-new shed - improv tanker entrance - purchasing new land. Experience. CS Problems and Solutions
CS Inputs Natural
Foot Rot
CS Feedback
Feedback
25. +grass - milk - cows - bobby claves - silage - -animal diseases
Outputs
Sedimentation of Streams
Product Purchasing Firms
Herd Management
26. New dairy farm irrigation systems - esp. South Canterbury. Find alternative water source - find farminf activity more suitable to dry climate
Reduced River Flow
Outputs
Dairy Farm Problems
Sedimentation of Streams
27. Affects profit - NZ Dairy Board promotes overseas to keep up demand for products
Product Purchasing Firms
Dairy Farm Problems
Two-Pond System
Inputs Cultural
28. 300+ Jesry cows. Labour-1 fulltime. Fertiliser-phosphate.Sup Feed. Outside Services-Vet - Lawyer - Accountant. Transport-truck - 4 wheeler. 50 Bale milking shed.
Outputs
Service Agencies
Herd Management
CS Inputs Cultural
29. 91% pasture - 6% silage/hay - 3% fodder crops. Break feeding - rotational grazing
Dairy Farm Problems
Pasture Management
Pugging
Inputs Cultural
30. Drifting hormone sprays damage fruit - fertiliser burns leaves of fruit trees. Spray/topdress in calm condits only - keep away from boundary - use minimum spray fertilisers - notify neighbours.
Gorvernment Perspective
Herd Management
Product Purchasing Firms
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
31. Cows milked 2x daily - AB used to improve quality of herd - computerised records kept of each cow
Losses
CS Inputs Natural
Herd Management
CS Inputs Cultural
32. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Contamination of Groundwater
CS Inputs Cultural
Inputs Cultural
Dairy Industry Perspective
33. Leaching of nutrients into soil - increased stock densities (eg. Taranaki 1975=1.43 cow/ha - 1996=1.7 cow/ha). reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities
CS Inputs Cultural
Losses
Contamination of Groundwater
Bloat
34. Trampling by cows - increased stock densities. reduce stock densities.
Pugging
Soil Compaction
Bloat
Environmentalists Perspective
35. Too much fresh spring grass. Breakfeeding - medication
Product Purchasing Firms
Dairy Industry Perspective
Contamination of Streams
Bloat
36. People's labour - knowledge and skill; accountant - vet - transport - facilities - machinery - fertileser - hedges - cows
Contamination of Groundwater
Inputs Cultural
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Control of Farm Resources
37. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Two-Pond System
Soil Compaction
Riparian Zone Protection
38. Stan Wollands - Pahiatua - Wairarapa
Case Study
Environmental Problems
Dairy Farm Problems
Product Purchasing Firms
39. Waikato Basin - Taranaki - Manawatu - Marlborough - Canterbury - Southland
Low Soil Fertility
Main NZ Regions
CS Inputs Natural
CS Feedback
40. Profits - calves for replacement - animal manure - silage
Dairy Farm Problems
Feedback
CS Inputs Cultural
Regional Councils
41. Cold climate - long winter. Supplementary foods - fodder crops
Sedimentation of Streams
Short Grass Growing Season
Low Soil Fertility
CS Processes
42. Summer-milking - drenching bloat - culling - mating. Autumn-topdressing - innoculation - undersowing - drenching worms. Winter-breakfeeding - calving - weaning - selling - fertilising. Spring-weaning - milking - drenching bloat - tagging.
Seasons of Dairy Farming
Damage to Neighbouring Farms/Orchards
Control of Farm Resources
Life Cycle of a Cow
43. Commercial Interests. Councils/Overseas buyers are applying pressure to minimise impacts
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Dairy Industry Perspective
Outputs
Contamination of Groundwater
44. Surface runoff - effluent from cowsheds - increased stock densities. Reduce fertiliser applications and stock densities - fence off Riparian zones - two-pond system
Control of Farm Resources
Losses
Contamination of Streams
Inputs Cultural
45. Pugging - Foot Rot - Bloat - Low Soil Fertility - Short Grass Growing Season - Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Soil Compaction
Environmental Problems
Gorvernment Perspective
CS Inputs Natural
46. 0-1=weaned - tagged - reared for replacement. 1-2=ready for mating - first calf @2. 2+=milking and breeding. 9+culled
Case Study
Environmentalists Perspective
Life Cycle of a Cow
Regional Councils
47. Milking - culling - harvesting - drenching - feeding - calving - breeding - weaning - maintenance
Pasture Management
Processes/Throughputs
Pasture Management
Seasons of Dairy Farming
48. Taranaki 1975=2% of cowsheds with licensed waste-treatment systems. 1996=100%. Involves deep pond where effluent sinks - shallow pond where ammonia gas released. Treated liquid discharged into stream.
Gorvernment Perspective
Soil Compaction
Inputs Cultural
Two-Pond System
49. Drought - low rainfall - high evaporation rates. Supp feeds - split calving - build dam
Low Soil Fertility
CS Outputs
Slow Grass Growth in Summer
Farmer
50. Sustainable-use of the environment. RMA 1991 works towards sus. enviro. Economic development=export markets + niche markets - eg organic.
Contamination of Streams
Reduced River Flow
Environmental Problems
Gorvernment Perspective