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Test your basic knowledge |
Wine Production 101
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
hospitality
,
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The neck of the bottles are frozen in the ______ step in order to _______ collected by ________.
Disgorging - trap the yeast - riddling
85
The astringency from tannins seems to get stronger with each sip and that tires the palate. If tasters wait 40 seconds or more between sip the effect is lessened.
Percentage by weight of sugar in the juice
2. Oxidation without flor by _________ rather than aging for long periods in barrels is a common procedure for low-priced sherries and inexpensive fortified wine products called 'Malaga' 'Marsala' and 'Madeira'
Cool - early
Pigment content
Baking
Sugars
3. The wines to be blended into a cuvee would not be very attractive as still table wines because they would seem too tart - too low in alcohol - and lacking in...
Varietal character
Grafting
Floral and tropical fruit segments
Older - typically hillside soils with a higher percentage of gravel and less ability to hold water were correlated with smaller crops and fruiter wine flavors.
4. The average maceration time for California Napa Gamay is about four days and for Cabernet Sauvignon is 7-8 days. This means that the average _________ is intended for more aging than the average __________.
Extraction
Grappa
True
Cabernet Sauvignon - Napa Gamay
5. Light brown sherries made with flor yeast and ranging from dry to medium sugar are called by their spanish name. __________
Port
Pinot Noir
French Colombard
Amontillados
6. The research reviewed by Dr. Keith Marton showed that cardiovascular mortality increased with heavy alcohol use and that moderate drinkers have a reduced risk of ___________________ compared to non-drinkers.
One-way valves
Cardiovascular mortality
Hold the wine against a white background
Portugese grape varieties
7. Which item on the list below is not perceived in wine with our sense of touch?
Acidity
Thermal
Non-wine drinkers
Greater complexity - harmony - and the power to stimulate the emotions
8. Even though alternatives such as oak chips or oak structures added to wines in stainless steel tanks add oak character to the wines - they cannot have the same effect on a wine's other sensory properties because they will not be ______________ the wa
French Colombard
Another indication of the increased fermentation activity of the yeasts in addition to the rapid drop in degrees Brix is the warming of the fermenting juice.
Some exposure to air
Concentrated by the evaporation of water
9. Among the ___________________ of sparkling wines are tart acidity - soft finish - freshness - and dryness.
Gew
The Muscats
80-90 degrees F
Positive structural organoleptic elements
10. An example of ______________ is the fact that we are unaware of the taste of our own saliva.
Taste adaptation
Canopy curtain
60-95
Both winemaking techniques were developed in France and both start with uncrushed - whole grape clusters - an absolute requirement for carbonic maceration and a very common practice for m
11. If wine can be made perfectly clear simply with settling and racking - why do few wineries rely on these methods?
12. Pumping over circulates about 1% of the volume of juice over the solid on the top of the fermentation about once a week.
Grassy character
Approximate drinkability
False. From 10 to 100 percent of the juice will be sprayed over the cap one to three times a day.
Free-run juices
13. The 'Orange Juice Effect' is an example of
FAS
Non-wine drinkers
A taste modifier
Because the wines blended to make the cuv
14. Descriptors from the ____________________ of the aroma wheel are used less often for red table wines than they are for white table wines.
29
Use sugars synthesized by illuminated leaves
Floral and tropical fruit segments
Hydrometers
15. Under appearance - the bubble display of _______________ is evaluated and tasters look for small bubbles that evolve from the wine over a long time and form a smooth - white foam on the surface of the wine.
Sparkling and sweet wine
Serious wine tasters
Dark skinned Pinot Noir grapes
Sparkling wines
16. If you were buying Chardonnay grapes for your winery - what composition listed below would you like them to have?
22.9 degrees Brix - .80 total acid
;lees
Exists above the vineyard
85
17. A typical ___________ spreads from one site to infect adjacent berries. A cluster with an advanced infection will contain berries in all stages from shriveled to healthy.
Water evaporation
Cold-inactivated yeast
Botrytis infection
About 10 to 20 - if they are well exposed to sunlight.
18. The _________ is better because it comes from inside the grapes where the carbonic maceration occurred.
Shoots that grew in summer are termed canes after they lose their leaves in winter.
Very limited
Swirling makes the dissolved CO2 leave the wine prematurely and makes a proper evaluation of the bubble display and mousse impossible.
Press juice
19. The malolactic fermentation reduces the acidity in the fermenting grape juice and finished wine because it converts the malic acid from the grape juice to lactic acid - which is...
Moderate drinking and breast cancer
Less tart
Recognizable varietal aroma
Because the CO2 rising from the wine carries volatile odor components out of the wine and into the air.
20. How does a vineyardist determine leaf layer number?
21. A california wine made from Pinot Noir grapes with warmer fermentation temperatures and oak aging would be?
Crop-bearing shoots
A Burgundian-style wine
A sampling of bottle-fermented sparkling wines
Conventional - yeast-catalyzed alcoholic fermentation
22. Which spice would you not expect to find in sparkling wines but would be anticipated in red table wines?
When photographed - about 40 percent of the canopy surface of a thin canopy appears as light patches. The value is much lower with thick canopies. Also - the leaf layer number of thin canopies is 1.5 or lower.
Black pepper
Canopy thickness
Flavor concentration
23. On average - the overall process of making ______________ takes longer than the overall process of making white wines.
Red wines from grape to bottle
The degrees Brix does not drop because at this stage; while the yeast cells are metabolizing with the aid of the dissolved oxygen in the grape juice and increasing in number - they have not consumed enough glucose to change the density of the juice.
Be drier
Vinegar bacteria
24. For a wine to have ________________ requires a particular grape variety - proper growing conditions - and careful winemaking.
Secondary infections develop
Perceptible varietal aromas
Acetaldehyde - ethyl acetate
Serious wine tasters
25. The date that bottles in the case were filled is stamped on the box. This is useful for estimating the _________ of wines without vintage dates.
Portugese grape varieties
Approximate drinkability
Timing of the MLF
New World vineyards
26. Pinot Noir is fermented at...
80-90 degrees F
On cool nights the grapes need less energy and use up less malic acid. Locations with cooler nighttime temperatures produce fruit that is higher in malic acid than that produced in sites where it stays warm all night.
17
Sit for several hours
27. The ____________ that occurs in a vineyard successfully infected with Botrytis can reduce yields to as little as 1/3 to 1/2 of normal.
It's because with repeated sniffing the alcohol will begin to interfere with your ability to smell.
You could begin by fermenting Chenin Blanc in juice in oak barrels and add more oak by aging the wine for several months in new 60-gallon American oak barrels.
Water evaporation
35-125 parts per million
28. If water keeps flowing over the ice - the ice will remain at 32 degrees F and the...
Crop-bearing shoots
Grape shoot will be uninjured
Regions II and III
Very limited
29. Leaf layer numbers are about the same in...
12-18
Premium winegrape vineyards
Gew
Crop-bearing shoots
30. Because _____________ can spoil wine only in the presence of oxygen - winemakers minimize air contact with wines in bulk storage.
French Sauternes and German late-harvest Rieslings
Vinegar bacteria
One-way valves
Clusters
31. What do carbonic maceration and m
1. color - sugar - acidity - varietal aroma and flavor; 2. alcohol and carbon dioxide; 3. malolactic fermentation and/or oak barrel and/or sur lie-aging flavors
Higher tannins - lower pH - lower storage temperatures - more uniform temperatures - darkness - and larger bottles.
Both winemaking techniques were developed in France and both start with uncrushed - whole grape clusters - an absolute requirement for carbonic maceration and a very common practice for m
Moderate drinking and breast cancer
32. Which odor descriptors would you expect to find in a bottle of Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon that was spoiled by vinegar bacteria?
Colors
Trap the CO2 from a second alcoholic fermentation
Secondary infections develop
Acetaldehyde - ethyl acetate
33. Within the normal color range for white table wines - ____________ are associated with oak barrel aging and/or later harvests
Darker colors
Pendant ones
Floral and tropical fruit segments
Different clones
34. Free-run juice has more sugar and less acid and tannin than press-run juice because press juice is ________________ from must containing a higher proportion of stems - skins - and seeds.
False. To inspect a wine for color - hold it up to a white background.
Pinot Noir
If the sulfur remains on the grape - it will be reduced during fermentation to stinky hydrogen sulfide
Extracted at higher pressures
35. Describe the calculation of degree-days for a day.
36. Sparkling wines made by the ____________ reflect the fruity - youthful characteristics of the grapes they are made from because the process can be completed relatively quickly.
Charmat
Acidity
Less fertilization
Grappa
37. Wine sensory components such as color which evoke pleasure in and of themselves are said to have a...
Hedonic quality
Decreases grape rots - lowers grape potassium - lowers grape pH
Canopy curtain
Women have to weigh the increased risk of breast cancer against the cardioprotective effect of moderate drinking as well as possible effects on the fetus if they are pregnant.
38. A typical sulfur dioxide in wine would be ______.
On cool nights the grapes need less energy and use up less malic acid. Locations with cooler nighttime temperatures produce fruit that is higher in malic acid than that produced in sites where it stays warm all night.
35-125 parts per million
One unit increase in photosynthetic rate
Fortified wines
39. Scholars believe that the Italian pattern of introducing children to diluted wine at an early age in a family setting coupled with an overall social disapproval of drunkenness is...
Acidity
Sweet before dry
More Region V acres
One of the most effective ways to prevent alcohol abuse
40. For ordinary fortified wines hot growing regions are beneficial for both high vineyard yields and...
Discorging
Some exposure to air
Because they must be able to envision what the wine will be like in 2-4 years
High sugar content grapes
41. In wine usage - ______ refers to the odors which come from the grape and ______ is used for smells that come from fermentation and aging in oak and bottle.
Aroma - Bouquet
French Colombard
Press juice
It's the passageway from the rear of the mouth and rear nasal passages to the olfactory epithelium.
42. About how much of a cuv
As much as 20-30%
;lees
The streams are thinner
Blended
43. Several grape clones may share...
The same name
.05%
Bottling dates
White Zinfandel
44. White item on the list is not part of 'the best possible aging conditions' for bottled wines?
False. Champagne may only be used for wines produced in the Champagne district of France.
FAS
Pomace
Underground
45. The maximum _____________ of our sense of smell has been estimated at one part per million to several parts per trillion.
Such wines are either aged in stainless steel tanks or large - typically oval-shaped oak barrels of 500-2000 gallons capacity.
Sensitivity
Hold the wine against a white background
Strychnine
46. The smallest concentration of a wine component required for a taster to name it - 'By jove - that's sweet!' - is called the _____.
Less fertilization
Recognition Threshold
Softer tannins
Four months
47. Sulfur dioxide is added at the crusher to slow down the growth of microbes that can spoil wines and to protect the juice from reactions with oxygen that can lead to both ________________ and deterioration of aroma and flavor.
Browning of pigments
Higher tannins - lower pH - lower storage temperatures - more uniform temperatures - darkness - and larger bottles.
False. The most important sugars in grape juice are glucose and fructose.
Sweet (taste) - hot (tactile)
48. You just served two glasses of De Loach Vineyards Estate Bottled Russian River Valley Gew
80-90 degrees F
Sweeter
Grassy character
Nodes
49. The amount of tannin in a red wine can be reduced by adding ______ to the wine which removes tannin.
Another indication of the increased fermentation activity of the yeasts in addition to the rapid drop in degrees Brix is the warming of the fermenting juice.
Sensitivity
You could begin by fermenting Chenin Blanc in juice in oak barrels and add more oak by aging the wine for several months in new 60-gallon American oak barrels.
Gelatin - egg whites are also used.
50. The _______________ was designed to enhance the accuracy of communication about wine odors among members of the wine industry.
Gew
Verbal structure
Shorter. They have 1-4 or 5 nodes while canes have 8 or more nodes.
wine aroma wheel