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Wine Production 101

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. At what blood alcohol concentration do most people perceive the maximum relaxation?
Verbal structure
.05%
Some exposure to air
About 10 to 20 - if they are well exposed to sunlight.

2. The system for blending a new vintage of sherry with older wines so that variations from year to year are minimized is called a ___________.
Solera
You tilt the glass so that you can look through a thinner layer of wine
The priesthood and of the wealthy
Quality will be lower

3. At a gross level we are most sensitive to which taste quality?
Darker colors
Discorging
Malolactic fermentation
Bitterness

4. Dry white varietal wine most likely improve with bottle aging.
Chardonnay
35-125 parts per million
Vine's microclimate
Swirling makes the dissolved CO2 leave the wine prematurely and makes a proper evaluation of the bubble display and mousse impossible.

5. Removing leaves from around grape clusters
Black pepper
Cold stabilization
Clear Bordeaux bottles
Decreases grape rots - lowers grape potassium - lowers grape pH

6. In regards to winemaking - what is the hazard of treating grapes with sulfur?
50% as intense as full sunlight on a clear summer day
Colors
Both winemaking techniques were developed in France and both start with uncrushed - whole grape clusters - an absolute requirement for carbonic maceration and a very common practice for m
If the sulfur remains on the grape - it will be reduced during fermentation to stinky hydrogen sulfide

7. Adaptation is a change in sensitivity that occurs in response to different levels of stimulation. Winetasters learn to work with olfactory adaptation by resting 15-45 seconds between _____ when evaluating wines.
Exists above the vineyard
Sniffs
Press juice
If the sulfur remains on the grape - it will be reduced during fermentation to stinky hydrogen sulfide

8. ______________ is a widely-occurring destructive disease organism that can attack grapevines and many other plants.
Botrytis cinerea
Body
100
Moderate drinking and breast cancer

9. Why is it detrimental to sparkling wines to swirl them while making a sensory evaluation?
Must
Sweeter
Swirling makes the dissolved CO2 leave the wine prematurely and makes a proper evaluation of the bubble display and mousse impossible.
Three things happen: alcohol and water evaporate through the sides of the container - concentrating the wine; some oxygen dissolves in the wine - allowing oxygen-dependent maturation reactions to occur slowly; and substances - color - odor - and flav

10. Why are sugar and yeast nutrients added along with an actively growing yeast culture to start the prise de mousse?
Because the wines blended to make the cuv
Hold the wine against a white background
White Zinfandel
Plant debris; spring rain

11. Canopy management affects the...

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12. What additional changes occur in wines that undergo the malolactic fermentation?
Leaf pores
In addition to reducing acidity - the MLF causes other organoleptic changes: it produces gas and causes the wines to be less fruity and to have transient cheesy off odors - but it also allows them to develop greater complexity - including a buttery f
3000
The degrees Brix does not drop because at this stage; while the yeast cells are metabolizing with the aid of the dissolved oxygen in the grape juice and increasing in number - they have not consumed enough glucose to change the density of the juice.

13. California has more ____________ than Region 1 acres.
More Region V acres
Recognizable varietal aroma
New World vineyards
Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc

14. Quantitatively distinguish between thin and thick canopies.
Because those procedures minimize tannin extraction as well
1-2 glasses daily
When photographed - about 40 percent of the canopy surface of a thin canopy appears as light patches. The value is much lower with thick canopies. Also - the leaf layer number of thin canopies is 1.5 or lower.
False. Sulfur dioxide levels are monitored throughout winemaking and small amounts are added whenever they are needed.

15. Which item on the list below is not perceived in wine with our sense of touch?
On cool nights the grapes need less energy and use up less malic acid. Locations with cooler nighttime temperatures produce fruit that is higher in malic acid than that produced in sites where it stays warm all night.
Acidity
Pigment content
Less fertilization

16. During red wine fermentation the ______ on the fermenting must be kept wet by 'punching down' or 'pumping over' in order to prevent growth of undesirable microorganisms and to promote ______ from the skins.
Older - typically hillside soils with a higher percentage of gravel and less ability to hold water were correlated with smaller crops and fruiter wine flavors.
Sparkling wines
Cap - extraction
Very limited

17. You would expect a ___________ glass of a wine to have more intense aromas compared to a colder glass of the same wine.
85
Perpendicular
Warmer
A sampling of bottle-fermented sparkling wines

18. Sulfur dioxide is added at the crusher to slow down the growth of microbes that can spoil wines and to protect the juice from reactions with oxygen that can lead to both ________________ and deterioration of aroma and flavor.
Bitterness
Browning of pigments
You could begin by fermenting Chenin Blanc in juice in oak barrels and add more oak by aging the wine for several months in new 60-gallon American oak barrels.
Climate.

19. Leaving more nodes will increase the number of _____________ the following year - and the increased competition for resources among the more numerous shoots will decrease their growth.
;lees
Fortified dessert wines
Crop-bearing shoots
Blanc de Noirs wine production

20. Pinot Noir is less likely to be ________ than other red wines.
Subtract 50 degrees from the day's average temperature.
Vinegar bacteria
Blended
Timing of the MLF

21. To emulate the characteristics of grapes produced under conditions in France's Champagne district - _______ grape growing regions are preferred and the grapes are harvested ______ wherever methode champenoise wines are made.
Be drier
False. Many organic growers use pesticides.
The barrels would be sealed tight - rotated 30 degrees to wet the bung and tighten the seal - and not opened until the aging was complete.
Cool - early

22. Under the right circumstances - __________ improves winegrape quality.
Dom Perignon - 1668-1715
One place
Irrigation
Cardiovascular mortality

23. Sterile filtration followed by aseptic bottling are key strategies in creating...
When off odors - particularly the acetaldehyde odor of oxidation - predominate.
Microbiological stability
Cardiovascular mortality
Blanc de Blancs - Blanc de Noirs.

24. ________________ do not smoke during tastings and do not come to them wearing perfume - after-shave - or with recently-brushed teeth.
Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc
The degrees Brix does not drop because at this stage; while the yeast cells are metabolizing with the aid of the dissolved oxygen in the grape juice and increasing in number - they have not consumed enough glucose to change the density of the juice.
False. Both total acid concentration and acid strength decrease.
Serious wine tasters

25. _____________ are fortified before oxidation and their sugar content is adjusted afterwards.
Less fertilization
Stuck fermentation
50% as intense as full sunlight on a clear summer day
Sherries

26. The date that bottles in the case were filled is stamped on the box. This is useful for estimating the _________ of wines without vintage dates.
Cold-inactivated yeast
False. Sulfur dioxide levels are monitored throughout winemaking and small amounts are added whenever they are needed.
Approximate drinkability
Hydrometers

27. Botrytis-affected wines from ________ are more likely to be aged in small oak barrels.
Three
Aging in oak containers
Plant debris; spring rain
Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon

28. The National Geographic Smell Survey found that _______________is reduced during pregnancy and that odor perception declines during aging.
Carbonic Maceration
Olfactory sensitivity
False. Champagne may only be used for wines produced in the Champagne district of France.
3000

29. If wine can be made perfectly clear simply with settling and racking - why do few wineries rely on these methods?

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30. ___________ are also referred to as natural wines and contain 14% alcohol or less.
Because each cluster must be smelled to be sure it does not have a secondary infection and handled carefully so it doesn't fall apart.
Sherries
Fining agents
Table wines

31. A typical disease cycle of Botrytis begins with the germination of spores that have overwintered in ______ following ______ and can produce shoots and leaves that look like they have been scorched.
Plant debris; spring rain
Positive structural organoleptic elements
Reduced
The use of solar energy to snythesize sugar from carbon dioxide and water.

32. Which taste quality is very rare in wines?
Salty
Management of the extraction during fermentation
Decreases light interception by the vineyard
Only up to a certain point

33. Define 'canes'
Cream
False. PTC tasting does not predict a person's sensitivity to bitterness in wines.
Shoots that grew in summer are termed canes after they lose their leaves in winter.
Very limited

34. There are certain conventions based on flavor and structural compatibility that are followed by many producers when making varietal blends. For example - ____________ are more often blended.
Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc
55
To prevent overcropping and its accompanying loss of grape quality.
Malolactic fermentation

35. Dessert wines are all sweet and the category includes still and sparkling natural wines as well as...
It's the passageway from the rear of the mouth and rear nasal passages to the olfactory epithelium.
Smooth
When they are dormant.
Fortified wines

36. The _________ is better because it comes from inside the grapes where the carbonic maceration occurred.
Racking
Press juice
Gelatin - egg whites are also used.
Bitterness

37. The term 'champagne' may be used on the label for a wine made in any part of France as long as the precise steps that are prescribed by the French law for the methode champenoise process are followed.
Aging in oak containers
False. Champagne may only be used for wines produced in the Champagne district of France.
Cap - extraction
Yields increase

38. Briefly explain why women must weigh more than one risk when considering whether or not to drink.
Women have to weigh the increased risk of breast cancer against the cardioprotective effect of moderate drinking as well as possible effects on the fetus if they are pregnant.
Transfer
Dark skinned Pinot Noir grapes
Cream

39. The mixture of skins - seeds - stems - juice - and pulp produced when the skin of the grape is broken and the juice flows out is called
If you were quoting Chapter 3 directly - you would say - 'in some cases - most commonly for Chardonnay - the winemaker may want to add a yeast character similar to champagne bouquet to the wine and will allow the wine to remain in contact with the ye
Tasting situation
Must
Dosage

40. For premium wine varietal wine production skin contact means that the chilled must is pumped into a tank to...
Sit for several hours
Shorter - hotter - messier - more labor-intensive - more likely to occur in an open-topped tank - less likely to happen in a barrel
Pleases him or her
22.9 degrees Brix - .80 total acid

41. Medical researchers define moderate alcohol consumption as about how many four-ounce glasses of wine daily?
1-2 glasses daily
Vine size
Colorless
Stuck fermentation

42. Shade decreases the concentration of ________ in Gew
Some exposure to air
Cloudy
Monoterpenes
Dry summers reduce vigor because they do not replenish soil water. As a consequence the vines deplete their water supply and stop growing.

43. The 'Orange Juice Effect' is an example of
A sampling of bottle-fermented sparkling wines
For two reasons: 1. The high alcohol content of wine spirits can interfere with a winemaker's odor perception. 2. Diluting a solution that has a high concentration of alcohol changes the spectrum of perceptible odors. The spirits will be diluted in t
A taste modifier
Fining

44. The _______________ was designed to enhance the accuracy of communication about wine odors among members of the wine industry.
White Zinfandel
100
Tank fermentation
wine aroma wheel

45. Wind may warm a vineyard if a layer of warm air...
Canopy curtain
Cabernet Sauvignon - Napa Gamay
Exists above the vineyard
Riddling

46. For premium white varietal grapes grown in California - and for other areas too - cooler growing regions produce wines with...
Greater aging potential
Cloudy
Secondary infections develop
Irrigation

47. If water keeps flowing over the ice - the ice will remain at 32 degrees F and the...
Grape shoot will be uninjured
Specific anosmia
Water evaporation
Shorter - hotter - messier - more labor-intensive - more likely to occur in an open-topped tank - less likely to happen in a barrel

48. The process of transferring wine from one vat containing lees to another vat which is clean is called...
The wine matures and gains the complexity which comes from bottle aging and yeast autolysis.
Racking
Canopy dimensions
Strychnine

49. When Botrytis grow on the surface of a grape it penetrates the skin enabling water to evaporate during a period of __________ weather.
Warm - dry
Smaller barrels
Rootstocks
The barrels would be sealed tight - rotated 30 degrees to wet the bung and tighten the seal - and not opened until the aging was complete.

50. A _____________ is one that stops by itself before all the glucose has been used up.
Blanc de Noirs
Wineries do not use these slower - 'natural' methods because the wine would be too old for contemporary tastes by the time it reached the market.
Approximate drinkability
Stuck fermentation