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Test your basic knowledge |
Wine Production 101
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
hospitality
,
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gew
Shoots that grew in summer are termed canes after they lose their leaves in winter.
French Colombard
The Muscats
Prise de mousse
2. The wine type refers to a winemaker's characteristic way of combining and balancing the sensory features that distinguish a particular wine to create an individualistic expression of that wine.
3. About how much of a cuv
Decreases grape rots - lowers grape potassium - lowers grape pH
3-5
Carbonic Maceration
As much as 20-30%
4. Explain why the shoots on a severely pruned vine tend to grow very long
Management of the extraction during fermentation
Because they will age through one or two winters at the winery before bottling the cooling that occurs will often cause tartrate crystals to precipitate and tannins will react with and remove the heat-unstable proteins.
Ports of different sugar contents can be combined to give the desired final sugar concentration and varietal ports can be mixed to enhance complexity
The limited number of shoots do not compete for stored sugars - light - water - and mineral resources - so shoot growth is not restricted by shortages of these resources.
5. There are certain conventions based on flavor and structural compatibility that are followed by many producers when making varietal blends. For example - ____________ are more often blended.
Wine spirits can vary in their flavors depending on the starting wine and the method of distillation - and those flavors need to be compatible with the wine being fortified
Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc
Dry summers reduce vigor because they do not replenish soil water. As a consequence the vines deplete their water supply and stop growing.
Blanc de Blancs - Blanc de Noirs.
6. Wine sensory components such as color which evoke pleasure in and of themselves are said to have a...
Hedonic quality
Irrigation
Wine
Subtract 50 degrees from the day's average temperature.
7. Although some ___________ sparkling (and still) wines are a very pale yellow - many are appreciated for their light bronze - peach - or salmon colors.
Nodes
Blanc de Noirs
Varietal character
Scrupulous rinsing of glasses
8. Dividing a thick - single-curtain canopy doubles the number of curtains and decreases...
Canopy thickness
Non-wine drinkers
Decreases grape rots - lowers grape potassium - lowers grape pH
False. Winetasters begin the olfactory stage of evaluating a wine by sniffing the wine without swirling and swirl 1-2 revolutions and sniff 2-3 times in the second stage.
9. Define 'canes'
Because each cluster must be smelled to be sure it does not have a secondary infection and handled carefully so it doesn't fall apart.
Management of the extraction during fermentation
Shoots that grew in summer are termed canes after they lose their leaves in winter.
Merlot
10. The amount of sugar in grape juice is estimated by measuring its density in units called 'degrees Brix -' which correspond to the...
Pendant ones
;lees
Cool-regions or cool-seasons
Percentage by weight of sugar in the juice
11. A typical ___________ spreads from one site to infect adjacent berries. A cluster with an advanced infection will contain berries in all stages from shriveled to healthy.
Scrupulous rinsing of glasses
Rainfall
True
Botrytis infection
12. The flavors of this group of fortified dessert wines are closest to those of their grapes: ______________.
Rainfall
The Muscats
Grappa
Moderate drinking and breast cancer
13. The change in _____________ following a Botrytis infection differs from the changes of normal grape ripening because acid and sugar both increase in concentration.
Alcohol solution
Charmat
Flavor concentration
Sugar and acid composition
14. The people who should be most concerned about sulfites in wine are...
Only up to a certain point
Sulfite-sensitive - steroid-dependent asthmatics
As much as 20-30%
Their higher alcohol contents and stronger odors.
15. __________ give wines more oak flavor.
Smaller barrels
Perceptible varietal aromas
35-125 parts per million
False. From 10 to 100 percent of the juice will be sprayed over the cap one to three times a day.
16. Upright shoots grow faster than...
Pendant ones
When off odors - particularly the acetaldehyde odor of oxidation - predominate.
Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon
Be drier
17. Which of the winetasting activities listed below is not done to enhance a taster's ability to experience the wine's odors?
Hold the wine against a white background
Microbiological stability
Amontillados
Grassy character
18. What is photosynthesis?
Water evaporation
Positive structural organoleptic elements
The use of solar energy to snythesize sugar from carbon dioxide and water.
Varietal wines
19. Descriptors from the ____________________ of the aroma wheel are used less often for red table wines than they are for white table wines.
Extraction
Sulfite-sensitive - steroid-dependent asthmatics
To be tasted a solid substance must be dissolved in the saliva. Without saliva to dissolve the substances that produce taste stimuli - we could only experience touch sensations with our mouth.
Floral and tropical fruit segments
20. A _________________ is used to create the carbon-dioxide-saturated environment into which intact clusters are loaded and is the means by which the remaining grape sugar is metabolized in the juice after pressing.
True
Normal breathing
Conventional - yeast-catalyzed alcoholic fermentation
Surface
21. What element of red wines will probably cause you to have palate fatigue? How can you minimize it?
Cuv
Wine
The astringency from tannins seems to get stronger with each sip and that tires the palate. If tasters wait 40 seconds or more between sip the effect is lessened.
White Riesling
22. Sherries referred to as ______ will have 7.5-10% sugar
Smaller
High sugar content grapes
Cream
Clusters
23. Which red wine grape is preferred when grown in Region I?
False. Many organic growers use pesticides.
Less fertilization
Pleases him or her
Pinot Noir
24. Fermentations of the high-sugar juices of ________ are hard to start and slow to progress.
Botrytis-affected fruit
Because they must be able to envision what the wine will be like in 2-4 years
For two reasons: 1. The high alcohol content of wine spirits can interfere with a winemaker's odor perception. 2. Diluting a solution that has a high concentration of alcohol changes the spectrum of perceptible odors. The spirits will be diluted in t
Methode champenoise
25. A _____________ is one that stops by itself before all the glucose has been used up.
Regions II and III
Must
Stuck fermentation
T
26. Winetasters draw some air through the wine so that all their taste buds can come into contact with the wine and the tactile receptors in their mouths can sense its sweetness and tartness
27. Which components of white table wines 1. originate from the grapes; 2. are fermentation end products; and 3. are developed during agin?
1. color - sugar - acidity - varietal aroma and flavor; 2. alcohol and carbon dioxide; 3. malolactic fermentation and/or oak barrel and/or sur lie-aging flavors
12-18
You can expect increased complexity and moderated tartness.
Eating the apple will bring out the acid in the wine.
28. Anosmia can refer to the loss of a person's ability to smell all odors and the term '_____________' is used when someone cannot detect a particular scent but otherwise has a normal sense of smell.
Solera
Olfactory epithelium
Specific anosmia
Decreases light interception by the vineyard
29. Leaf-roll virus is spread by...
Shoots that grew in summer are termed canes after they lose their leaves in winter.
Vintage-dated varietal
Grafting
Recognition Threshold
30. The National Geographic Smell Survey found that _______________is reduced during pregnancy and that odor perception declines during aging.
Olfactory sensitivity
Microbiological stability
Crushing
Concentrated by the evaporation of water
31. The maximum _____________ of our sense of smell has been estimated at one part per million to several parts per trillion.
Fortified dessert wines
Gelatin - egg whites are also used.
Sensitivity
Tawny
32. If the amounts of the chemicals responsible for the celery/fresh vegetable - herbaceous - or ____________ of Sauvignon Blanc are reduced - fruity flavors of grapefruit - pineapple - melon - and fig emerge.
Grassy character
Hold the wine against a white background
Cooler
The Muscats
33. California wineries age their red wines ________ months in the bottle before releasing them.
Sensitivity
One-half month to 48 months
Bell pepper - eucalyptus - mint - maybe berries - cassis
Distinctive flavor compounds in its grapes
34. What might lead you to have more olfactory fatigue while tasting red wines?
False. A grape variety is a subgroup of a grape species and is distinguished from other varieties by economically important hereditary traits such as its climactic adaptation. Clones are 'sub-varieties'.
True
Their higher alcohol contents and stronger odors.
It's the passageway from the rear of the mouth and rear nasal passages to the olfactory epithelium.
35. The system for blending a new vintage of sherry with older wines so that variations from year to year are minimized is called a ___________.
Solera
Pomace
50% as intense as full sunlight on a clear summer day
To prevent overcropping and its accompanying loss of grape quality.
36. What do carbonic maceration and m
Both winemaking techniques were developed in France and both start with uncrushed - whole grape clusters - an absolute requirement for carbonic maceration and a very common practice for m
FAS
Low lying areas
Malolactic fermentation
37. The degree to which a grapevine's foliage and fruit are exposed to light can determine the amount of...
Eating the apple will bring out the acid in the wine.
Press juice
Sparkling wines
Distinctive flavor compounds in its grapes
38. ________________ do not smoke during tastings and do not come to them wearing perfume - after-shave - or with recently-brushed teeth.
Serious wine tasters
Table wines
Dissolved carbon dioxide gas
Only up to a certain point
39. How would a wine be aged in barrels to minimize its exposure to air?
The barrels would be sealed tight - rotated 30 degrees to wet the bung and tighten the seal - and not opened until the aging was complete.
Botrytis-affected fruit
3000
It's because with repeated sniffing the alcohol will begin to interfere with your ability to smell.
40. Free-run juice has more sugar and less acid and tannin than press-run juice because press juice is ________________ from must containing a higher proportion of stems - skins - and seeds.
Extracted at higher pressures
Bitterness
Because each cluster must be smelled to be sure it does not have a secondary infection and handled carefully so it doesn't fall apart.
Botrytis-affected fruit
41. If wine can be made perfectly clear simply with settling and racking - why do few wineries rely on these methods?
42. The process of transferring wine from one vat containing lees to another vat which is clean is called...
Racking
85
Cold-inactivated yeast
Free-run juices
43. When is a wine 'dead'?
False. To inspect a wine for color - hold it up to a white background.
When off odors - particularly the acetaldehyde odor of oxidation - predominate.
Grassy character
Fewer vegetative and herbaceous odors
44. ______________ refers to an organism's immediate neurological response to a stimulus in the environment.
Sensation
Harvest sugars
Reduces fruitiness
Browning of pigments
45. Winemakers find significant differences in oak from various forests in France: the trees in the warmer ___________ produce a more open-grained wood that contributes oak extract to wines relatively quickly - while slower-growing trees in the more cent
Must
Press juice
Limousin forest
A sampling of bottle-fermented sparkling wines
46. Sadly - all wines will improve ____________ and then deteriorate - except for the publicity that they can bring their buyers.
Cream
Bitterness
Extraction
Only up to a certain point
47. ________________ is designed to prevent cloudiness as well and also to avoid undesirable changes other than off odor and flavor such as drop in the acidity of a hot-region wine. It is also very (more - actually) important to prevent changes in the bo
One-half month to 48 months
Aging in oak containers
Vanilla
Microbiological stability
48. What factors are important for slower bottle aging?
Bottling dates
Higher tannins - lower pH - lower storage temperatures - more uniform temperatures - darkness - and larger bottles.
French Sauternes and German late-harvest Rieslings
Reserve wines are blends of still wines from previous vintages which are added to cuv
49. Which is the most common method of producing sparkling wines?
Acetaldehyde - ethyl acetate
Trap the CO2 from a second alcoholic fermentation
The barrels would be sealed tight - rotated 30 degrees to wet the bung and tighten the seal - and not opened until the aging was complete.
;lees
50. Wind may warm a vineyard if a layer of warm air...
The wine matures and gains the complexity which comes from bottle aging and yeast autolysis.
Exists above the vineyard
FAS
Reduces fruitiness