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Test your basic knowledge |
Wine Production 101
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
hospitality
,
industries
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When the sparkling wine aroma wheel is compared to the more general wine aroma wheel - we find more spicy - floral - and fruity odors and...
Quality will be lower
Chardonnay
Fewer vegetative and herbaceous odors
Perceptible varietal aromas
2. The maximum _____________ of our sense of smell has been estimated at one part per million to several parts per trillion.
Water evaporation
Blanc de Blancs - Blanc de Noirs.
One-half month to 48 months
Sensitivity
3. Red wine fermentations are conducted at temperatures in the rage of __________ degrees Fahrenheit.
Swirling makes the dissolved CO2 leave the wine prematurely and makes a proper evaluation of the bubble display and mousse impossible.
Such wines are either aged in stainless steel tanks or large - typically oval-shaped oak barrels of 500-2000 gallons capacity.
False. From 10 to 100 percent of the juice will be sprayed over the cap one to three times a day.
60-95
4. The concentrated alcohol used to fortify wines is called _______.
50% as intense as full sunlight on a clear summer day
Tasting situation
Sweet (taste) - hot (tactile)
Wine spirits
5. The change in _____________ following a Botrytis infection differs from the changes of normal grape ripening because acid and sugar both increase in concentration.
Table wines
Sugar and acid composition
2-4 years
False. To inspect a wine for color - hold it up to a white background.
6. Because carbon dioxide gas is produced during fermentation - fermentation tanks are equipped with ___________ that allow CO2 to escape while preventing air from entering.
For two reasons: 1. The high alcohol content of wine spirits can interfere with a winemaker's odor perception. 2. Diluting a solution that has a high concentration of alcohol changes the spectrum of perceptible odors. The spirits will be diluted in t
FAS
One-way valves
Asti Spumante
7. Sulfur dioxide is added at the crusher to slow down the growth of microbes that can spoil wines and to protect the juice from reactions with oxygen that can lead to both ________________ and deterioration of aroma and flavor.
Browning of pigments
Yields increase
Genus Saccharomyces
Varietal character
8. Cooler growing conditions produce red wines with more pleasing colors because their juices are of a __________ - that is lower in pH - than hot region juices.
One-way valves
Stronger acidity
Tawny
To prevent overcropping and its accompanying loss of grape quality.
9. Descriptors from the ____________________ of the aroma wheel are used less often for red table wines than they are for white table wines.
Use sugars synthesized by illuminated leaves
60-95
Floral and tropical fruit segments
Sparkling and sweet wine
10. What is overcropping?
11. Overall quality in red wines is correlated with total color and...
A Burgundian-style wine
Surface
Pigment content
Grassy character
12. You should wait 6-9 months after the yeast removal and sugar addition steps to drink methode champenoise wines. This period is recommended to allow the added sugar to become integrated into the wine.
Sensation
True
Subtract 50 degrees from the day's average temperature.
Blanc de Noirs wine production
13. Sparkling wines made by the ____________ reflect the fruity - youthful characteristics of the grapes they are made from because the process can be completed relatively quickly.
The use of solar energy to snythesize sugar from carbon dioxide and water.
Racking
Vinegar bacteria
Charmat
14. For a wine to have ________________ requires a particular grape variety - proper growing conditions - and careful winemaking.
For two reasons: 1. The high alcohol content of wine spirits can interfere with a winemaker's odor perception. 2. Diluting a solution that has a high concentration of alcohol changes the spectrum of perceptible odors. The spirits will be diluted in t
Cool-regions or cool-seasons
Transfer
Perceptible varietal aromas
15. Sherries referred to as ______ will have 7.5-10% sugar
Cream
Fining
Decreases grape rots - lowers grape potassium - lowers grape pH
Half; 75-110
16. When tasting dessert wines - take small sips to avoid palate fatigue
False. You can take big sips if you spit - cleanse your palate more often - and take more breaks.
Surface
Approximate drinkability
.05%
17. The most prestigious wine of a sparkling wine producer may be called ______.
Flavor concentration
T
When they are dormant.
Women have to weigh the increased risk of breast cancer against the cardioprotective effect of moderate drinking as well as possible effects on the fetus if they are pregnant.
18. California has more ____________ than Region 1 acres.
Specific anosmia
Regions II and III
Botrytis-affected fruit
More Region V acres
19. About ______ the fruit for dessert wine production goes to produce the alcohol for fortification - making the per ton yield of finished wine __________ gallons.
Olfactory epithelium
A young port - or young red table wine for that matter - should be astringent because it possesses tannins for longevity and an older wine should be velvety smooth because the tannins have polymerized - softening the texture and forming a sediment.
Three
Half; 75-110
20. Anosmia can refer to the loss of a person's ability to smell all odors and the term '_____________' is used when someone cannot detect a particular scent but otherwise has a normal sense of smell.
Charmat
Regions II and III
Transfer
Specific anosmia
21. We can only smell volatile molecules that can evaporate from the ____________ of a wine at the range of temperatures at which it is customarily served.
True
Tiny malolactic bacteria
Warmer
Surface
22. Wines of 2-3% residual sugar can be made by slowing down their fermentations before all the sugar has been used up by chilling them at about 4-8 degrees Brix and then centrifuging to remove the...
Cold-inactivated yeast
55
Wild yeasts
The limited number of shoots do not compete for stored sugars - light - water - and mineral resources - so shoot growth is not restricted by shortages of these resources.
23. In the earliest - ancient Mediterranean civilizations wine was the drink of...
Very limited
False. Sulfur dioxide levels are monitored throughout winemaking and small amounts are added whenever they are needed.
The priesthood and of the wealthy
Disgorging - trap the yeast - riddling
24. In filtering - the wine is forced through media that vary in 'tightness' from those that trap and remove just the very largest particles (chunks of grape skins) to those that take out...
Positive structural organoleptic elements
Canopy curtain
Tiny malolactic bacteria
Recognizable varietal aroma
25. In regards to winemaking - what is the hazard of treating grapes with sulfur?
If the sulfur remains on the grape - it will be reduced during fermentation to stinky hydrogen sulfide
Pigment content
Grassy character
Cabernet Sauvignon - Napa Gamay
26. When grapes ripen - they get bigger and softer - their green color fades - aromatic compounds increase - sugars increase - and both total acid concentration and acid strength increase.
17
Bitterness
Different clones
False. Both total acid concentration and acid strength decrease.
27. You would expect a ___________ glass of a wine to have more intense aromas compared to a colder glass of the same wine.
Greater complexity - harmony - and the power to stimulate the emotions
Warmer
Greater aging potential
Cool - early
28. Color that extends all the way to the rim reflects deeper color intensity and is associated with greater overall ____________ and quality in ports.
White Zinfandel
Flavor concentration
Dissolved carbon dioxide gas
Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc
29. Pumping over circulates about 1% of the volume of juice over the solid on the top of the fermentation about once a week.
False. From 10 to 100 percent of the juice will be sprayed over the cap one to three times a day.
Stuck fermentation
Blanc de Noirs wine production
In addition to reducing acidity - the MLF causes other organoleptic changes: it produces gas and causes the wines to be less fruity and to have transient cheesy off odors - but it also allows them to develop greater complexity - including a buttery f
30. When the stimulus alcohol present in high amounts in a wine - you can expect to experience both a taste and a tactile sensation. These sensations are
Canopy dimensions
Sweet (taste) - hot (tactile)
55
As much as 20-30%
31. In general - the results of canopy management studies for Cabernet Sauvignon have shown results like those for...
Sauvignon Blanc
Oak has become the traditional wood for aging premium wines because the trees are large enough to make wine containers of useful sizes - the wood is tight-grained - strong - and resilient and can be worked into the curved shapes needed for barrels -
15-18
Sparkling and sweet wine
32. The process of transferring wine from one vat containing lees to another vat which is clean is called...
Odors
The priesthood and of the wealthy
False. You can take big sips if you spit - cleanse your palate more often - and take more breaks.
Racking
33. PTC tasting is a well-documented example of how dramatically people can vary in their ability to taste something bitter and it accurately predicts a person's sensitivity to bitterness in wines.
34. The blended wine that will be bottled for a second fermentation is called the vin de ______.
FAS
Softer tannins
Cuv
Fortified dessert wines
35. Although some ___________ sparkling (and still) wines are a very pale yellow - many are appreciated for their light bronze - peach - or salmon colors.
Pinot Noir
Blanc de Noirs
Smooth
Tannins
36. Sediments in wine tanks are called...
True
;lees
Severe pruning reduces the number of nodes from which will emerge the shoots bearing the next season's crop.
Quality will be lower
37. Sulfur dioxide is only added once during winemaking - at the crusher-stemmer.
To prevent overcropping and its accompanying loss of grape quality.
False. Sulfur dioxide levels are monitored throughout winemaking and small amounts are added whenever they are needed.
Harvest sugars
Approximate drinkability
38. Because nearly all white table wines are valued principally for their youthful - fruity characteristics - the vast majority of white wines are aged in neutral containers only for as long as it takes to clarify and stabilize them. Only a tiny minority
Sweet before dry
Extraction
Aging in oak containers
It's the passageway from the rear of the mouth and rear nasal passages to the olfactory epithelium.
39. You are going to make your mark in the wine world by creating a rare style of dry Chenin Blanc with a lot of oak character. What aging regine would you use?
Cardiovascular mortality
You could begin by fermenting Chenin Blanc in juice in oak barrels and add more oak by aging the wine for several months in new 60-gallon American oak barrels.
Microbiological stability
Canopy thickness
40. Describe the calculation of degree-days for a day.
41. What might lead you to have more olfactory fatigue while tasting red wines?
Intense fruit aromas
Their higher alcohol contents and stronger odors.
Harvest sugars
Pomace
42. In California red grapes for varietal table wine making are harvested at higher '________' and lower total acids than are white grapes for varietal table wine making.
Free-run juices
False. Because they are saturated with CO2 - sparkling wines don't undergo the same chemical changes as white table wines.
12-18
Degrees Brix
43. Compared to a glass of plain water - an ____________ should seem sweeter - smoother - heavier - and warm.
Alcohol solution
Portugese grape varieties
More Region V acres
Bottling dates
44. Mild cheeses such as baby swiss are enjoyed with wines because they reduce the...
45. 'Organic growers' eschew pesticides.
Sweeter
29
Sparkling and sweet wine
False. Many organic growers use pesticides.
46. Refer to the label De Loach Vineyards Estate Bottled Russian River Valley Gew
Free-run juices
Four months
About 50% of people
wine aroma wheel
47. Medical researchers define moderate alcohol consumption as about how many four-ounce glasses of wine daily?
Because those procedures minimize tannin extraction as well
Riddling
1-2 glasses daily
Management of the extraction during fermentation
48. A _________________ is used to create the carbon-dioxide-saturated environment into which intact clusters are loaded and is the means by which the remaining grape sugar is metabolized in the juice after pressing.
A sampling of bottle-fermented sparkling wines
Harvest at 22 degrees Brix or above - no skin contact - ferment in barrels and at warmer temperatures - age in oak sur lie - and blend with S
Varietal character
Conventional - yeast-catalyzed alcoholic fermentation
49. The National Geographic Smell Survey found that _______________is reduced during pregnancy and that odor perception declines during aging.
Olfactory sensitivity
Swirling makes the dissolved CO2 leave the wine prematurely and makes a proper evaluation of the bubble display and mousse impossible.
Perception of the wines' acidity
Yields increase
50. A california wine made from Pinot Noir grapes with warmer fermentation temperatures and oak aging would be?
Bell pepper - eucalyptus - mint - maybe berries - cassis
Fortified wines
Discorging
A Burgundian-style wine